hard의 어원,티베트에서 온 한자음 難어려울,난 ,우리말 나쁘다,가난하다,누를 끼치다

[뭄바이]

hard 어려운

어근 har-이 어렵다는 뜻이다.

캍 칻 칼 칸 

칼 카 가 

힌디어
ग़रीबी [gari:bi:]  
여성형 명사 빈곤. 빈궁. 가난. 궁핍. 결핍.

Burmish

kat

hard, difficult

Burmese (Written)

Benedict 76 WBur

khaʔ

hard / difficult

Marma

Huziwara 08 Sak

345-2

Asakian
kháʔ	hard / difficult	vi	Sak	Huziwara 08 Sak	345-2

Western Himalayish
kha:dɛ	bitter, difficult, costly	adj.	Byangsi	Sharma 2003	418

kʰəre

difficult

Pattani [Manchati]

Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

khadə	difficult	Chaudangsi	Krishan 2003	347
kha-nu	difficult	Darma	Krishan 2003	347

Bodic
kalo	difficult	Tsangla (Motuo)	Sun H 91 ZMYY	879.7
ka⁵⁵ lu¹³	difficult	Tsangla (Motuo)	Zhang Jichuan 86

Angami-Pochuri Group

kerie

difficult

Angami (Kohima)

Marrison 67 Naga

커르-->허르-->어르  우리말 어렵다도 어+렵+다 

har+lub

Meithei
luba	difficult	Meithei	Marrison 67 Naga

Kuki-Chin
har	DIFFICULT / HARD	*Chin	VanBik 09 PKC	711

Central Chin
hâr-I, hǎr-II	difficult, hard	Lai (Hakha)	VanBik 09 PKC	711
hǎr-I, hàr-II	difficult, hard	Lai (Falam)	VanBik 09 PKC	711
har	difficult	Lushai [Mizo]	Marrison 67 Naga
hár	difficult, arduous, requiring much labor	Lushai [Mizo]	VanBik 09 PKC	711
har	difficult	Lushai [Mizo]	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	403

곤난 골란  困곤은 북경어 발음은 쿤이다.

일본어 구루시이 어근 굳 굴 구루 굴--->군 호전현상 군=곤 困

hard 굳어지면 어렵다 딱딱해진다 곤란해진다.

가따이 딱딱하다 일본어

Bodo

gudu

difficult

Dimasa

Marrison 67 Naga

일본어

くるしい [苦しい] 구루시이
형용사
1.괴롭다.
2.고통스럽다, 난처하다. (=つらい)
3.답답하다.

Angami-Pochuri Group

küru

difficult

Chokri

Marrison 67 Naga

학대하다 자학하다 

khaɣ/khak

bitter / difficult

*Tibetan

Coblin 86

44

학  kh--->h

#173

kak

HARD / DIFFICULT

누를 끼치다

누

Burmish
nɔ⁵⁵	sick, get	Achang (Longchuan)	Dai 85 AcJZ
nɔ⁵⁵	sick	Achang (Xiandao)	Dai 89 Xian	1619
n̥uʔ⁵⁵	hurt, wound	v	Achang (Xiandao)	Dai 89 Xian	2211	2

難난 

클낱-->크낱--->낱--->낟--->날--->난 발음변화

클랐다-->큰일났다의 경상도사투리

Old Chinese

nan	difficult	Chinese (Old)	Baxter 92	911
nˤar	difficult	Chinese (Old)	BaxterSagart 2011	1980

Loloish		PL *C-na¹ ILL / SICK, PL *C-natᴸ SPIRIT
C-natᴸ	spirit	*Loloish	Bradley 79 PLo	361
C-na¹	ill	*Loloish	Bradley 79 PLo	763S
C-na¹	sick	*Loloish	Hansson 89 AHKP	35

어렵다

가난하다

0.1 Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)
ka (*B)	bitter / difficult	*Tibeto-Burman	Coblin 86	44
1.1 “North Assam”
ba³³ kaȶ³³ niaŋ¹¹	difficult	Sulung [Puroik]	Sun H 91 ZMYY	879.52

rGyalrong
ka nə wo	ill / sick	rGyalrong	Sun H 91 ZMYY	776.12
kə nə wo	sick / be ill / hurt	be v.	rGyalrong	Dai 89 Jiar	12.2
kɑ nə no	injure / hurt (the arm)	v.	rGyalrong (Maerkang)	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	1607.11
kɑ nə wo	ill, to be	rGyalrong (Maerkang)	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	1160.11
na nə wo	sick / be ill / hurt	be	rGyalrong (Eastern)	Sun H 91 rEQ	12.2
kɐ-nə-ngo	ill	rGBenzhen	Sun J 97 rGB

Lolo-Burmese		PLB *nan ⪤ nat SPIRIT / DEMON
nan	spirit / animistic deity	*Lolo-Burmese	Matisoff 72 LTSR	136(b)
nan ⪤ nat	spirit / demon[1] / deity (animist)	*Lolo-Burmese	Matisoff 85 GSTC	036
nat	spirit / animistic deity	*Lolo-Burmese	Matisoff 72 LTSR	136(a)
nat ⪤ nan	spirit / animistic deity	*Lolo-Burmese	Matisoff 72 LTSR	136
na¹	ill	v.i.	*Lolo-Burmese	Weidert 87 TBTo	198

#160

na-n/t

ILL / PAIN / SORE / ACHE / DIFFICULT / EVIL SPIRIT

1.2 Kuki-Chin		PKC *naa-I, nat-II PAINFUL / SICK
naa-I, nat-II	PAINFUL / SICK	*Chin	VanBik 09 PKC	825
1.2.1 Peripheral Chin
1.2.1.1 Northern Chin
na	pain	Paite	VanBik 09 PKC	825
a nā	pain	Sizang	VanBik 09 PKC	825
náa-I, nàt-II	sick, ache, pain, hurt	Thado	VanBik 09 PKC	825
naː³ > nat³	feel pain	Tiddim	VanBik 09 PKC	825
1.2.1.2 Southern Plains Chin
noó	ache (e.g head), hurt, ill, sick	Khumi	VanBik 09 PKC	825
1.2.2 Central Chin
nǎa-I, nàt-II	painful, sick	be v.	Lai (Falam)	VanBik 09 PKC	825
ná	ill	v.i.	Lushai [Mizo]	Weidert 87 TBTo	198
na ⪤ nat	ill; illness	vs.	Lushai [Mizo]	Benedict 72 STC	80
náa-I, nàt-II	sick or ill, to be painful, to hurt, to ache	be v.	Lushai [Mizo]	VanBik 09 PKC	825
1.2.4 “Old Kuki”
kʌ-ná	ill	v.i.	Kom Rem	Weidert 87 TBTo	198

낫쁘다 나쁘다 not인 것이다.

사악한 영혼이 나를 괴롭힌다.

Burmish

na	ill	Burmese (Written)	Coblin 86	132
nat	spirit / demon[1] / deity (animist)	Burmese (Written)	Matisoff 85 GSTC	036
nat	demon, god	Burmese (Written)	Benedict 76 WBur
nat	spirit	Burmese (Written)	Benedict 72 STC	136n369
nɑt⁴ sho³	spirit (evil) / demon	n	Burmese (Written)	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	0670.26

nat²¹	spirit	Atsi [Zaiwa]	Xu 84 Zaiwa
nat²¹	ghost	Atsi [Zaiwa]	Xu 84 Zaiwa
nat²¹	ghost / spirit	n	Atsi [Zaiwa]	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	0669.30
nat²¹	ghost / demon	Atsi [Zaiwa]	Sun H 91 ZMYY	523.42

Jingpho
nát	spirit / demon[1] / deity (animist)	Jingpho	Matisoff 85 GSTC	036
nát	spirit	Jingpho	Matisoff 74 TJLB	366
nat, hpi, tsu	spirit	Jingpho	Marrison 67 Naga
nat⁵⁵	ghost	Jingpho	Liu 84
nat⁵⁵	ghost / spirit	n	Jingpho	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	0669.19
nat⁵⁵	ghost / demon	Jingpho	Sun H 91 ZMYY	523.47
sin³¹ wop⁵⁵ a³¹ na³¹	tuberculosis	Jingpho	Liu 84
³nat	spirit / demon	Jingpho	Weidert 87 TBTo	1188
ə na	illness	Jingpho	Benedict 72 STC	80
ʔə nà	illness	Jingpho	Matisoff 74 TJLB	114
2 Himalayish
2.1 Tibeto-Kanauri
2.1.1 Western Himalayish
na	hurt	vs.	Kanauri	Benedict 72 STC	80
nəd pa	sick	Pattani [Manchati]	Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

나빠 나쁘다 

Bodic

nat pa

sick person

Tsangla (Motuo)

Sun H 80 MLD

Tibetan
nɛ²³¹ pho¹³	sick / be ill / hurt	be v.	Tibetan (Batang)	Dai 89 Bata	12.2
na¹³	ill / sick	Tibetan (Khams:Dege)	Sun H 91 ZMYY	776.3
na¹³	pain / ache	Tibetan (Khams:Dege)	Sun H 91 ZMYY	901.3
na¹³	ill / sick	Tibetan (Lhasa)	Sun H 91 ZMYY	776.2
na¹³	pain / ache	Tibetan (Lhasa)	Sun H 91 ZMYY	901.2

na-ba	ill	Tibetan (Written)	Matisoff 83 TIL	10
na-ba	ill	vs.	Tibetan (Written)	Benedict 72 STC	80
na-ba	sick	Tibetan (Written)	Coblin 86	132

nad	disease / ill / sick	Tibetan (Written)	Weidert 87 TBTo	817
nad	disease	Tibetan (Written)	Matisoff 83 TIL	10
nad	illness	Tibetan (Written)	Benedict 72 STC	80

Tamangish

naq ba	hurt / ache / pain	Gurung (Ghachok)	Glover 72 GuVo	2.B.2.44
naq bae	sick	Gurung (Ghachok)	Glover 72 GuVo	12.A.26
na¹ mo¹	sickness	Manang (Gyaru)	Nagano 84 Man	130
¹nə pə	disease / illness / sickness	Manang (Prakaa)	Hoshi 84	0048