역사 1999년 - Su-27과 MiG-29의 공중전

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https://www.rbth.com/history/334639-how-flankers-fought-fulcrums

1999년 에리트레아-에티오피아 분쟁 당시에 수호이와 미그가 아프리카 상공에서 붙었었네요. 

에티오피아는 냉전시기 구소련의 무기를 공급받던 나라 중 하나였고, 1993년 독립한 에리트레아도 러시아에 무기 공급을 요청했다고 합니다. 에리트레아는 1998년 여름 MiG-29 8기와 MiG-29UB 2기를 구매했고 에티오피아는 Su-27SK 6기와 Su-27UB 2기를 동년 12월 계약했습니다. 에티오피아는 데브레 제이트 공군기지에서 러시아 교관들에게 교육받고 일부 파일럿들은 크라스노다르 고등항공학교에 파견됐으며, 에리트레아는 우크라이나 교관들에게 교육받았네요. 

1999년 2월 21일 에리트레아의 MiG-29 2기가 에티오피아의 Su-27 1을 상대로 매복을 걸었지만 수호이가 이를 회피하고 1기를 격추했다고 합니다. 다만 에리트레아는 미그기 손실을 인정하지 않았다고 하네요. 

2월 25일에는 에리트레아 바드메 마을 상공에서 Su-27 2기 vs MiG-29 4기 간 교전이 벌어졌습니다. 중거리에서의 미사일 교전은 성과가 없었고, 그 뒤 이어진 근접전에서 수호이가 상공을 지배하며 에리트레아의 미그 1기를 떨궜고 에리트레아 측이 철수했습니다. 

동년 5월 16일 에리트레아의 MiG-29 2기가 에리트레아 바렌투 마을을 초계중 Su-27 수 기에게 기습을 당했습니다. 단시간 동안의 교전에서 MiG-29 1기가 격추되고 1기가 크게 손상돼 아스마라 공군기지로 겨우 복귀했으나 손실처리됐습니다. 

이같은 공중전의 승리는 에티오피아 지상군의 승리로 이어져 2000년 여름 에티오피아 육군이 분쟁지역을 점령하고 에리트레아를 협상테이블로 끌고나왔습니다. 에리트레아는 Su-27SK의 성능에 자극받아 어려운 경제사정에도 불구하고 수 기의 수호이를 구매했다고 하네요. 

How Flankers fought Fulcrums in the skies over Africa

History

Jan 14 2022

Igor Rozin

Tibboh (CC BY-SA 4.0); Bundeswehr (CC BY-SA 2.0); Public Domain

The two main Russian-built fighter planes had previously never encountered one another in battle as adversaries. It was to be the first and only time.

For many years these two 4th-generation fighters were the mainstay of the Russian Air Force: the lightweight MiG-29 tactical fighter (‘Fulcrum’), designed for gaining mastery of the air directly over the battlefield, and the heavy supersonic Su-27 (‘Flanker-B’), capable of intercepting enemy aircraft at long range.

Performing different roles, the two planes were supposed to complement each other in combat. Their rivalry was confined to practice encounters for training purposes, but, in 1999, in the Ethiopian-Eritrean armed conflict, they ended up locked in mortal combat.

It was believed that in a direct encounter with the larger and better-armed Su-27, the MiG-29  would have little chance of coming out on top. Nevertheless, the outcome of any battle could be decided by a whole array of factors, including the skill of the pilots. 

A long-standing partner

When Russian military hardware appeared in East Africa in the late 1990s, it did not come out of the blue. For decades, the Soviet Union had supplied weapons to Ethiopia and sent military advisers and instructors to train its army.

MiG-29.

Public Domain

After the collapse of the USSR, these ties were not completely severed. Moreover, after gaining independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea also began partly to look towards Russia for arms procurements.

When, in late 1998, an armed conflict began to flare up between the two African states over disputed border areas, both countries approached Russia with a view to acquiring military hardware for themselves - and particularly fighter jets. Admittedly, the two countries differed in the financial resources they had at their disposal.

In Summer 1998, Eritrea purchased eight MiG-29A fighter jets and two MiG-29UBs. Ethiopia, the more economically advanced of the two countries, could afford the more costly and more powerful ‘Sushkas’, as the Su-27s were colloquially known. A contract for the purchase of six Su-27SKs and two Su-27UBs was signed in December of that year.

Under the Ethiopian-Russian agreement, Ethiopian air force pilots underwent theoretical and practical training at the Debre Zeyit air base under the guidance of Russian instructors. Some of the air crews and technical personnel were even sent on placements to the Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School.

Su-27.

Rob Schleiffert (CC BY-SA 2.0)

Asmara, for its part, put its faith in Ukrainian military specialists - flying instructors, as well as technicians, who had come to Eritrea to service its small fleet of air force planes.

Aerial duels

The first hostile encounter between 'Sushkas' and MiGs took place on February 21, 1999. Two Eritrean jets attempted to mount an ambush for an Ethiopian fighter plane. However, the Su-27 not only managed to extricate itself from the trap, but also put one of the attackers out of action. The Eritreans did not admit to the loss of their plane, however.

On February 25, in the skies over the Eritrean town of Badme, two Su-27s joined battle with a quartet of MiGs. An exchange of rocket fire at medium range ensued, without in the end producing any results. In a close-quarter dogfight, the Sushkas again dominated the air: after losing one of their aircraft, the Eritreans retreated.

On May 16 of the same year, two MiG-29s were patrolling the skies over the Eritrean town of Barentu, when they suddenly came under attack from several Su-27s. The battle did not last long: one of the MiGs was shot down and a second one was badly damaged, but managed to get back to an airfield in Asmara. The plane had to be written off, however.

Resounding victory

In their first encounter with their opposite number in genuine aerial combat, the Su-27s came out as convincing victors. They won mastery of the air and started to be used for low-level attacks on ground targets.

Public Domain

Having gained victory in the air, the Sushkas helped Ethiopia’s field troops gain victory on the ground, too. The disputed territories were in the hands of the Ethiopian army by Summer 2000 and the sides sat down at the negotiating table. Nevertheless, another 18 years would pass by before the conflict between the countries was conclusively settled.

The Eritreans were impressed with the combat capabilities of the Su-27SK. Soon after the end of hostilities and despite their difficult economic situation, they mustered the resources to buy several of these jet fighters from Russia for their own air force.

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