[리스닝] Acutal Test 02 - (1) Anatomy

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(1) Anatomy

Test 02_01.mp3

P: When it comes to our vision,/ of course,/ all of the components of the eye are important./ By the same token,/ some are a little bit more important than others./ Aslo,/ if one of these parts/ becomes injured through trauma or/ doesn't develop correctly,/ problems with our vision will occur./ Is everyone with me?/ Excellent./ Can everyone see me okay?/ Sorry, sorry,/ poor joke./ I know./ Back to the eye./ Can everyone please take a look at the diagram in their books on page, uh,/ let's see 898?/ Everyone there?/ Okay./ Now,/ as we look at this bisection of the human eye,/ I want you to, um,/ focus on,/ sorry, class,/ the five parts,/ called the cornea, the iris and pupil,/ the lens,/ and lastly,/ the retina./ Now, I know most of you know what the basic functions of these are,/ but I want to go over them briefly/ just to refresh everyone's mind./ It will help us understand in a minute/ the main point of our discussion today:/ common eye problems and their causes./ Let's work from left to right with the diagram,/ that is, from the external/ to the internal area./ The first component we come across/ is the cornea./ Who can explain its function in basic terms?/ Yes, over here in the front./

S: Professor Jacobs,/ the cornea is the transparent, protective shell that covers the pupil and iris./

P: That's right./ It protects the internal workings of the eye from things like/ foreign debris./ Which brings us to the iris and the pupil, which work together in a way./ The iris is the colored part of the eye that's made up of tiny muscles that control the opening and closin gof the pupil,/ which is basically the aperture of the eye,/ similar to that of a camera./ The pupil regulates the amount of light allowed into the eye./ You guys still able to follow everything okay...?/ Good./ What's next?/

S: That would be the lens, Professor Jacobs./ It focuses the image before it moves inwardly/ onto the retina./

P: Good./ And to finish up,/ the innermost posterior part of the eye where the final perfected, or not so perfected, as we will soon find out,/ image/ is projected/ and sent to the brain./ That's the barebones version of how we are able to see things class./ Now, to the meat of our lecture./

There are numerous problems that can occur when it comes to vision,/ and mnay of them are hereditary./ The first one I'd like to discuss with you guys/ today is called astigmatism./ Astigmatism is the most common of all other vision problems,/ and it stems from the cornea./ When the cornea is not shaped correctly,/ that is,/ instead of being/ oval,/ it is shaped more like an egg,/ astigmatism is the result./ Let me explain./ As light enters the eye, it bends differently because of the egg-like shape of the cornea./ Once this occurs, the lens has difficulty focusing on one single point/ because light rays are bending and creating different focal points./ Because of these multi-focus points,/ the image becomes blurred or out of focus when it hits the retina./ Is this clear to everone?/ I did it again, didn't I!/ Well,/ I'll take you laughter as a yes then, class./ Good./ Symptoms of astigmatism are, of course,/ blurred vision/ and, in more extreme cases,/ headaches./ Are there any questions at this point, class?/ No./ Very well./

The second vision problem I'd like to discuss is/ myopia./ It's sometimes called nearsightedness,/ but don't let the name fool you./ People with myopia have difficulty seeing objects far away/ but can see things up close/ very easily,/ such as a book/ or magazine or perhaps a computer screen./ The cause of myopia is again a physiological one/ as it is with astigmatism./ The actual eyeball is oblong,/ enlongated length-wise from the front to the rear./ This causes the light to focus prematurely before it has a chance to reach the retina./ Also,/ myopia can be a degenerative condition with age./ This condition is called myopic/ creep./

Okay,/ if there aren't any questions or comments,/ I'll start in on the thrid common vision problem./ This is called hyperopia, of farsightedness,/ the exact opposite,/ as you can imagine, of myopia./ In this case,/ a person can see distant objects fairly easily,/ but not ones at close distances./ Again, as with myopia, the problem comes from teh shape of the eyeball./ With hyperopia,/ it is shorter than normal,/ narrower than it should be,/ and the light beams focus beyond, yes,/ beyond, the rtina,/ causing blurred vision and difficulties seeing things up close./ Unlike myopia,/ hyperopia sometimes does correct itself in the case of children./ As they grow and develop,/ sometimes teh shape of the eye does as well,/ thereby alleviating/ the hyperopia./

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그러나 barebones version(복잡한 대상을 가장 단순화한 설명)의 의미를

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