(토요모임) [25th Feb 2017] Saturday meeting Topic

[Scarlet]

Howdy ! 

It's me Scarlett !   

This week we have 4 topics. 

◈ Life style :  Everyone Is Talented In Their Own Way: The 9 Types Of Intelligence 

◈ Happiness : Research shows you need these 5 things to be happy at work

◈ Teh. issue : Bill Gates: the Robot Taking Your Job Should Pay Taxes

◈ Art of living :  Pope Francis: better to be an atheist than a hypocritical Catholic

---------------------------- The Global Religious Landscape

Hope you enjoy the topics. 

With luv 

Scarlett

---

Everyone Is Talented In Their Own Way: 

The 9 Types Of Intelligence You Should Know

Lim Kairen/ Content Writer

We always think of intelligence as one entity. We think that scientists and academics are brainy and “intelligent” people. But if we put them in a bank, they may be at a loss for words when speaking to customers.

And what about the misconceptions about people engaged in less intelligible jobs such as waiting tables or telemarketing who are deemed “unintelligent? Try giving these people an empty canvas and watch them create a masterpiece for you with just a pencil.

The point is, our perception of intelligence is skewed. Everything that seems out of our reach is automatically deemed as intelligent however on the contrary, according to psychologist, Howard Gardner, everyone is blessed with multiple types intelligence. See the infographic below to have a better understanding.

The Science Behind 9 Types Of Intelligence

The 9 types of intelligence as theorized by Gardner in his book called Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, is a great tool to find your individual strengths and weaknesses. And the scientific concept behind it is simple.

Gardner’s view on intelligence states that there are 9 abilities that simply make us the intelligent beings that we are today and these 9 are musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic and existential.

Different Types Of Intelligence To Empower Learners

By learning the theory behind Gardner’s studies, we get to know ourselves a little bit better. However, Gardner emphasised that by understanding our strengths, it shouldn’t limit us through labelling ourselves to a specific intelligence. Instead, it should empower us to recognise our weaknesses as well as to improve them.

Understand Your Own Intelligence

Simply by taking the test based on the 9 types of intelligence, you’ll be able to have a basic understanding of which intelligence you are strong at. Take note that you should be providing your most honest answer in order for the results to be more accurate.

Everyone Is Unique

So here below are my results that reaffirm that embarking on a writing career is a great choice for me because I’m linguistically intelligent. It also indicates that I’m typically good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing words as according to Gardner.

However, apart from letting me know about my strengths, it would also mean that I’ve much work to do in other departments such as logic, interpersonal skills and maybe on my visual ability to visualize better with my mind’s eye.

So why not give this test a try and maybe it’ll just change the way you perceive your own unique intelligence forever.

Article source : http://www.lifehack.org/485552/temporary-headline-9-types-intelligence

---

<Questions>

Q1. Do you think what is the definition of intelligence? 

*** Definition of intelligence 

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways including as one's capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, planning, creativity and problem solving. It can be more generally described as the ability to perceive information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

Intelligence is most widely studied in humans, but has also been observed in non-human animals and in plants. Artificial intelligence is intelligence in machines. It is commonly implemented in computer systems using program software.

Within the discipline of psychology, various approaches to human intelligence have been adopted. The psychometric approach is especially familiar to the general public, as well as being the most researched and by far the most widely used in practical settings.

source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence

Q2. What is your strength and weakness? Do you think what is your talent? 

Q3. According to an article, there are 9 types of intelligence as below. What kinds of ability do you have?  

1. Musical-rhythmic intelligence

2. Visual-spatial intelligence

3. Verbal-linguistic intelligence

4. logical-mathematical intelligence

5. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

6. interpersonal intelligence

7. intrapersonal intelligence

8. naturalistic intelligence

9. existential intelligence

Q4. Do you have any intelligence you want to develop in the future? 

---

Research shows you need these 5 things to be happy at work

Laura Vanderkam/ Sep 26, 2015

With unemployment at the lowest it has been since 2008, you might be thinking about changing jobs. But what exactly would make you happier at work? It’s not necessarily free meals and massages (though those are nice, as companies on Fortune’s list of the Best Companies To Work For have figured out). And it's not even necessarily lots more money. We've scoured the research and identified five science-backed attributes that make people happy at their jobs.

1. Work that challenges you.

Research finds that people are happiest when engaged in difficult-but-doable activities. They are so absorbed in their tasks that time seems to stand still. It’s easy to drift away from real work in the rush to empty the inbox, but you can get back on track. Brian Tracy, author of numerous career books including Find Your Balance Point, recommends taking advice from Japanese decluttering expert Marie Kondo’s run-away bestseller, The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up. “She says put everything in a heap, and pick each item up, and ask ‘does this item spark joy in me?’” You can do this with your job too. “Instead of being passive and doing what someone else told you to do, actively look at your work and ask what would I really like to do?” Tracy suggests. With a little creativity, over time, you can turn the job you have into the job you want.

2. A sense of progress.

When Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile and psychologist Steven Kramer studied diaries from nearly 12,000 work days, they found that the happiest and most productive days were those marked by a sense of progress. “Ultimately, work is really about accomplishment,” says Richard Sheridan, CEO of Menlo Innovations, and author of Joy, Inc. “Did I get something done, and does it matter?” His team members meet with clients weekly for an inverse status meeting: the client recounts what the team did during the past week, with whatever commentary he or she desires. Seeing impact gives the team “a real sense that what we did mattered.”

A related point: progress is the opposite of distraction. “If you’re wasting time all day with distractions, then you don’t finish tasks,” says Tracy, and “human beings are designed to get a feeling of pleasure from closure.” Time out of the inbox can do wonders for well-being. Indeed, one study that involved cutting off email access for 5 days found workers’ stress levels dropped.

3. No fear.

Sticks may motivate people in the short run, but if employees worry that their jobs are on the line, research finds that they become less engaged and performance suffers. “Fear has this debilitating effect on safety, on trust, on team work, on collaboration, on creativity, innovation, and invention,” says Sheridan. This doesn’t mean there can’t be accountability. People who aren’t performing and won’t take coaching need to be moved out. Likewise, “there are things we should be afraid of,” Sheridan says. Disappointing a big client is one of those things. But, “What I’m talking about is using manufactured fear as a way to motivate people.” It just makes employees miserable.

4. Autonomy.

One meta-analysis involving over 400,000 people in 63 countries found that autonomy and control over one’s life matters more to happiness than money. In a work context, this requires a sense of control over your work, but — just as important — over your time too. Flexibility is key, and employees with flexible work schedules report better well-being than those with less control over time and place.

5. Belonging.

Humans are social creatures, and Gallup’s research has found that people who have a “best friend” at work are more productive and engaged. Real relationships are hard to manufacture, but relaxed interaction does breed familiarity over time. This argues for taking the team out for lunch or coffee as often as you can. You can also simply knit friendship-building into the fabric of the day, doing things that build your relationship capital. Bill Jensen, CEO of consulting firm The Jensen Group, adopts what he calls a “3-2-1” rule for his days. He focuses on his top 3 to-dos, the “one” refers to learning something, and then he includes “two pay it forward moments every day, helping others” he says. “Each of these daily to dos feed into and build long-term happiness.”

Article sourcre : http://fortune.com/2015/09/26/happy-work-tips/

---

<Questions>

Q1. What is your priorities when you choose your company? 

Q2. What is the most critical factor to be happy at work among 5 suggested things? 

1. Work that challenges you.

2. A sense of progress.

3. No fear.

4. Autonomy.

5. Belonging.

Q3. When was the happiest moment at work? 

---

Bill Gates: the Robot Taking Your Job Should Pay Taxes

February 18, 2017  by PAUL RATNER

The prospect of automation taking away human jobs is both alarming and an opportunity to reorient our civilization to new objectives. The worrying part is that a sizable number of jobs, both blue and white collar, might be gone soon - a number that some estimates put as high as 47% during the next 25 years.

How will we adjust to this transformation? How will the people without jobs survive? Some ideas, floated by people like Elon Musk, see the necessity of instituting a universal basic income. Another approach was just proposed by Bill Gates, one of the original tech superstars and prognosticators, who also happens to be the world’s richest man. In an interview with Quartz, Bill Gates explained his view that as robots will be taking human jobs, a “robot tax” will be necessary on the companies that employ them. 

Gates sees this as a positive development, because the tax would fund jobs that do not receive enough focus and talent currently, including elderly care and working with kids. These types of jobs that require empathy are better left to the humans. The government would run such programs. Gates thinks business cannot be left to manage this because growing “inequity” due to automation can only be addressed via the government.

Here’s how Gates says that as a working human is taxed, so should the robot replacing the human - 

“Right now, the human worker who does, say, $50,000 worth of work in a factory, that income is taxed and you get income tax, social security tax, all those things. If a robot comes in to do the same thing, you’d think that we’d tax the robot at a similar level,” explains Gates.

He thinks it an overall positive that automation will replace much of human labor, as it will free those people to do something else. What is necessary is training and education. 

“So if you can take the labor that used to do the thing automation replaces, and financially and training-wise and fulfillment-wise have that person go off and do these other things, then you’re net ahead. But you can’t just give up that income tax, because that’s part of how you’ve been funding that level of human workers,” points out Gates. 

Gates proposes that the time has come to start talking about these questions. Many jobs in retail, warehouse work, driving, service industry and others should be gone in the next 20 years. And, according to Gates, maybe we should also think about slowing down the pace of automation until we have a good plan going forward. 

How would taxing automation work exactly? Gates sees it as a tax on profits from increased efficiency or a tax on robot companies. 

“Some of it can come on the profits that are generated by the labor-saving efficiency there. Some of it can come directly in some type of robot tax. I don’t think the robot companies are going to be outraged that there might be a tax. It’s OK,” says Gates.

Overall, Gates stays enthusiastic about the future. But automation is a topic that demands immediate and continual attention. Not because we should be afraid of innovation, but because it’s a challenge we worked to create and need to meet. 

“People should be figuring it out. It is really bad if people overall have more fear about what innovation is going to do than they have enthusiasm. That means they won’t shape it for the positive things it can do,” continues Gates.

To him, taxation is a better approach to innovation than stifling it.  

Watch the whole video here:

Article source : http://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/bill-gates-proposes-that-if-a-robot-takes-a-human-job-it-should-pay-taxes

---

Robots that take people's jobs should pay taxes,

says Bill Gates

James Titcomb 

20 FEBRUARY 2017 • 9:27AM

Bill Gates has called for a tax on robots to make up for lost taxes from workers whose jobs are destroyed by automation.

The Microsoft founder and world’s richest man said the revenue from a robot tax could help fund more health workers and people in elderly and child care, areas that are still expected to rely on humans.

His comments come amid growing concerns about how robots and artificial intelligence will change the workforce, with experts predicting that most jobs will be rendered obsolete over the next 30 years.

Mr Gates, in an interview with Quartz, said that governments should take the lead on a way to tax labour from robots. “Right now, the human worker who does, say, $50,000 worth of work in a factory, that income is taxed and you get income tax, social security tax, all those things. If a robot comes in to do the same thing, you’d think that we’d tax the robot at a similar level.

“If you can take the labour that used to do the thing automation replaces, and financially and training-wise and fulfillment-wise have that person go off and do these other things, then you’re net ahead. But you can’t just give up that income tax, because that’s part of how you’ve been funding that level of human workers.”

Mr Gates is not the first to mull the issue. Last week, the European Parliament rejected a proposal for a tax on robot owners, the proceeds of which would retrain the workers who had lost their jobs.

Companies and robotics companies have opposed the suggestion, saying it would hamper innovation. But Mr Gates suggested that this would be an acceptable price to pay.

“It is really bad if people overall have more fear about what innovation is going to do than they have enthusiasm. That means they won’t shape it for the positive things it can do,” he said.

Internet commenters pointed out that technology has been automating jobs for many years, with the software that Microsoft itself developed responsible for some of this.

Economists and robotics experts say technology is now replacing jobs at an accelerating rate, and that many workers will have to retrain or be left unemployed.

This had led to calls for a universal basic income, in which everybody is paid a basic stipend, to be introduced.

Article source : http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/02/20/robots-take-peoples-jobs-should-pay-taxes-says-bill-gates/

<Questions>

Q1. What do you think of "robot taxes"? 

Q2. What do you know about Bill gates?

Q3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of automation? 

Q4. How many robots do you use in your real life? 

---

Pope Francis: better to be an atheist than a hypocritical Catholic

Pope criticises ‘double life’ led by some members of his own church during the sermon of his private morning mass

Thursday 23 February 2017 14.04 GMT

Pope Francis has delivered another criticism of some members of his own church, suggesting it was better to be an atheist than one of many Catholics who he said lead a hypocritical double life.

In improvised comments in the sermon of his private morning mass in his residence, he said: “It is a scandal to say one thing and do another. That is a double life.

“There are those who say, ‘I am very Catholic, I always go to mass, I belong to this and that association’,” the head of the 1.2 billion-member Roman Catholic church said, according to a Vatican Radio transcript.

He said some of these people should also say “‘my life is not Christian, I don’t pay my employees proper salaries, I exploit people, I do dirty business, I launder money, [I lead] a double life’.”

“There are many Catholics who are like this and they cause scandal,” he said. “How many times have we all heard people say ‘if that person is a Catholic, it is better to be an atheist’.”

Since his election in 2013, Francis has often told Catholics, both priests and lay people, to practise what their religion preaches.

In his often impromptu sermons, he has condemned sexual abuse of children by priests as being tantamount to a “satanic mass”, said Catholics in the mafia excommunicate themselves, and told his own cardinals to not act “as if they were princes”.

Less than two months after his election, he said Christians should see atheists as good people if they do good.

Article source : https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/23/pope-francis-better-to-be-atheist-than-hypocritical-catholic

---

The Global Religious Landscape

DECEMBER 18, 2012

Worldwide, more than eight-in-ten people identify with a religious group. A comprehensive demographic study of more than 230 countries and territories conducted by the Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life estimates that there are 5.8 billion religiously affiliated adults and children around the globe, representing 84% of the 2010 world population of 6.9 billion.

The demographic study – based on analysis of more than 2,500 censuses, surveys and population registers – finds 2.2 billion Christians (32% of the world’s population), 1.6 billion Muslims (23%), 1 billion Hindus (15%), nearly 500 million Buddhists (7%) and 14 million Jews (0.2%) around the world as of 2010. In addition, more than 400 million people (6%) practice various folk or traditional religions, including African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. An estimated 58 million people – slightly less than 1% of the global population – belong to other religions, including the Baha’i faith, Jainism, Sikhism, Shintoism, Taoism, Tenrikyo, Wicca and Zoroastrianism, to mention just a few.1

At the same time, the new study by the Pew Forum also finds that roughly one-in-six people around the globe (1.1 billion, or 16%) have no religious affiliation. This makes the unaffiliated the third-largest religious group worldwide, behind Christians and Muslims, and about equal in size to the world’s Catholic population. Surveys indicate that many of the unaffiliated hold some religious or spiritual beliefs (such as belief in God or a universal spirit) even though they do not identify with a particular faith. (See Religiously Unaffiliated.)

Geographic Distribution

The geographic distribution of religious groups varies considerably. Several religious groups are heavily concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, including the vast majority of Hindus (99%), Buddhists (99%), adherents of folk or traditional religions (90%) and members of other world religions (89%).

Three-quarters of the religiously unaffiliated (76%) also live in the massive and populous Asia- Pacific region. Indeed, the number of religiously unaffiliated people in China alone (about 700 million) is more than twice the total population of the United States.

The Asia-Pacific region also is home to most of the world’s Muslims (62%). About 20% of Muslims live in the Middle East and North Africa, and nearly 16% reside in sub-Saharan Africa.

Of the major religious groups covered in this study, Christians are the most evenly dispersed. Roughly equal numbers of Christians live in Europe (26%), Latin America and the Caribbean (24%) and sub-Saharan Africa (24%).

A plurality of Jews (44%) live in North America, while about four-in-ten (41%) live in the Middle East and North Africa – almost all of them in Israel.

Living as Majorities and Minorities

Nearly three-quarters (73%) of the world’s people live in countries in which their religious group makes up a majority of the population. Only about a quarter (27%) of all people live as religious minorities. (This figure does not include subgroups of the eight major groups in this study, such as Shia Muslims living in Sunni-majority countries or Catholics living in Protestant-majority countries.)

Overwhelmingly, Hindus and Christians tend to live in countries where they are in the majority. Fully 97% of all Hindus live in the world’s three Hindu-majority countries (India, Mauritius and Nepal), and nearly nine-in-ten Christians (87%) are found in the world’s 157 Christian-majority countries. (To see the religious composition of each country, see Religious Composition by Country table.)

Though by smaller margins, most Muslims (73%) and religiously unaffiliated people (71%) also live in countries in which they are the predominant religious group. Muslims are a majority in 49 countries, including 19 of the 20 countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The religiously unaffiliated make up a majority of the population in six countries, of which China is by far the largest. (The others are the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hong Kong, Japan and North Korea.)

Most members of the other major religious groups live in countries in which they are in the minority. Seven-in-ten Buddhists (72%), for example, live as religious minorities. Just three-in-ten (28%) live in the seven countries where Buddhists are in the majority: Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

Israel is the only country with a Jewish majority. There are no countries where members of other religions (such as Baha’is, Jains, Shintoists, Sikhs, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans and Zoroastrians) make up a majority of the population. There are also no countries where people who identify with folk or traditional religions clearly form a majority.

Young and Old

Some religions have much younger populations, on average, than others. In part, the age differences reflect the geographic distribution of religious groups. Those with a large share of adherents in fast-growing, developing countries tend to have younger populations. Those concentrated in China and in advanced industrial countries, where population growth is slower, tend to be older.

The median age of two major groups – Muslims (23 years) and Hindus (26) – is younger than the median age of the world’s overall population (28).3 All the other groups are older than the global median. Christians have a median age of 30, followed by members of other religions (32), adherents of folk or traditional religions (33), the religiously unaffiliated (34) and Buddhists (34). Jews have the highest median age (36), more than a dozen years older than the youngest group, Muslims.

About the Study

These are among the key findings of a new study of the global religious landscape conducted by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world.

The demographic study explores the size, geographic distribution and median age of eight major religious groups – including the unaffiliated – that together represent 100% of the estimated 2010 global population. The study is based on a country-by-country analysis of data from more than 2,500 national censuses, large-scale surveys and official population registers that were collected, eval‎uated and standardized by the Pew Forum’s demographers and other research staff.4 Many countries have recently conducted a national census or are in the midst of doing so. Therefore, new data are likely to emerge over the next few years. However, a datacollection cut-off had to be made at some point; this report is based on information available as of early 2012.5

For estimates of the religious composition of individual countries, see Religious Composition by Country table. For details on the methodology used to produce estimates of religious populations in 232 countries and territories, see Appendix A. For a list of data sources by country, see Appendix B.

To see each country’s and territory’s population broken down by number and percentage into the eight major religious groups in the study, see the sortable tables at http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-number.php.

There are some minor differences between the estimates presented in this study and previous Pew Forum estimates of Christian and Muslim populations around the world. These differences reflect the availability of new data sources, such as recently released censuses in a few countries, and the use of population growth projections to update estimates in countries with older primary sources. (For more details, see the Methodology.)

Defining the Religious Groups

This study is based on self-identification. It seeks to estimate the number of people around the world who view themselves as belonging to various religious groups. It does not attempt to measure the degree to which members of these groups actively practice their faiths or how religious they are.

In order to obtain statistics that are comparable across countries, the study attempts to count groups and individuals who self-identify as members of five widely recognized world religions – Buddhists, Christians, Hindus, Muslims and Jews – as well as people associated with three other religious categories that may be less familiar:

Folk or Traditional Religions

Folk religions are closely tied to a particular people, ethnicity or tribe. In some cases, elements of other world religions are blended with local beliefs and customs. These faiths often have no formal creeds or sacred texts. Examples of folk religions include African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions.

The Religiously Unaffiliated

The religiously unaffiliated population includes atheists, agnostics and people who do not identify with any particular religion in surveys. However, many of the religiously unaffiliated do hold religious or spiritual beliefs. For example, various surveys have found that belief in God or a higher power is shared by 7% of unaffiliated Chinese adults, 30% of unaffiliated French adults and 68% of unaffiliated U.S. adults.6

Other Religions

The “other religions” category is diverse and comprises groups not classified elsewhere. This category includes followers of religions that often are not measured separately in censuses and surveys: the Baha’i faith, Jainism, Shintoism, Sikhism, Taoism, Tenrikyo, Wicca, Zoroastrianism and many other religions. Because of the lack of data on these faiths in many countries, the Pew Forum has not attempted to estimate the size of individual religions within this category, though some rough estimates are available from other sources. (See Spotlight on Other Religions.)

Roadmap to the Report

These and other findings are discussed in more detail in the remainder of this report, which is divided into eight sections – one for each of the major religious groupings, in order of size:

- Christians

- Muslims

- Religiously Unaffiliated

- Hindus

- Buddhists

- Folk Religionists

- Other Religions

- Jews

To discuss the geographic distribution of religious groups, this report divides the world into six major regions: Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, North America and sub-Saharan Africa. For a list of countries in each region, see the Methodology.

Article source : http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/

<Questions>

Q1. Do you have any religion? Why do you belive in God?

Q2. Is religion important to you?

Q3. Have you ever seen anyone who acts based on double life standard? For example, as Pope Francis said some of these people should also say “‘my life is not Christian, I don’t pay my employees proper salaries, I exploit people, I do dirty business, I launder money, [I lead] a double life’.”

Q4. Do you think people who have a religion are more virtuous being? 

Q5. Why people in Korea have religion?  Do you think that they believe in god because they are just religious faith?

[메롱메롱]

오늘도 멋진 토픽 마이 사랑해요.^^
공부 해 가지고 갈게요.^^

우리 스칼렛, 최고^^