미해군의 단기적 목표; 2027년까지 중국과의 분쟁 가능성에 대비하는 것

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770319356-cno-navigation-plan-2024.pdf

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33대 미해군 참모총장인 리사 프란체티 제독이 새로운 해군 통합 지침을 발표했는데, 목적은 2027년까지 중국을 상대로 한 잠재적 분쟁에 대비하는 것이라고 하네요. 

수상함대의 최대 80%를 단기간 내 전투작전에 투입 가능한 'combat-ready surge force'로 할당하며, 이를 위해 현재까지 총 2,700일가량 지체된 순양함, 구축함, 상륙함, LCS 등의 정비 지체 현상을 해결하기 위해 짐 킬비 해군 참모차장이 이 문제를 책임진다고 합니다. 

또한 무인 시스템을 적극적으로 도입하며, hellscape 드론을 포함한 단기 솔루션 및 더 크고 복잡한 중장기 무인 솔루션 등 투트랙 전략을 채용한다고 하네요. 

또한 과거보다 더 복잡해진 해전을 지휘하기 위한 의사결정 허브가 될 해양작전센터도 도입한다고 합니다. 

병력충원에 대해선 2027년까지 현역 및 예비군 병력 100% 충원을 달성하고, 배치부대를 승인된 billet의 95%까지 달성이 목표라고 합니다. 

전투함 보유 목표는 여전히 381척이라고 하네요. 

CNO Franchetti War Plan Preparing Navy for Pacific Conflict by 2027 With Flat Budgets, Static Fleet Size - USNI News

CNO Franchetti War Plan Preparing Navy for Pacific Conflict by 2027 With Flat Budgets, Static Fleet Size

Sam LaGrone

September 18, 2024 12:46 PM

Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti attends USS Richard M. McCool Jr. (LPD-29) commissioning ceremony, Sept 7, 2024. US Navy Photo

The new fleet-wide guidance from the Navy’s top officer focuses on preparing the service for a potential war with China by 2027 as the maritime component of a joint “warfighting ecosystem.”

Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti will publicly issue her “America’s Warfighting Navy,” guidance to the wider fleet this week, more than a year into leading the Navy. The plan outlines her priorities for the service, which include fixing maintenance backlogs and recruiting, according to the final draft reviewed by USNI News.

Dubbed “Project 33,” Franchetti’s service-wide guidance wrestles with preparing for war with China with a short time horizon and problems caused by legacy readiness and recruiting deficits and the ships and aircraft currently in inventory.

“We cannot manifest a bigger traditional Navy in a few short years, nor will we rely on mass without the right capabilities to win the sea control contest,” reads the plan.
“Without those resources, however, we will continue to prioritize readiness, capability, and capacity—in that order. We must recognize that the Navy faces real financial and industrial constraints, including the once-in-a-generation cost of recapitalizing our [sea-based] strategic nuclear deterrent.”

Franchetti identified seven areas to improve – chief of which is fielding mission-capable ships, submarines and aircraft. The goal is to surge up to 80 percent of the surface fleet as part of a so-called “combat-ready surge force” that would be available on short notice for combat operations.

On Tuesday, Fleet Forces commander Adm. Daryl Caudle defined a combat-ready unit as “a unit that within an acceptable level of risk, I would have confidence that could go into combat… and I know it can do a few things… I know it can maneuver, communicate, shoot and defend itself… They’re good enough.”

The push merges with initiatives like Vice Adm. Brendan McLane, the Naval Surface Forces commander. North Star 75 surface ship readiness plan and previous efforts to improve the readiness of the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet fleet, said Navy officials who spoke with USNI News on the details of the plan earlier this month.

Guided missile destroyer USS Russell (DDG-59), left, breaks away from the Henry J. Kaiser-class replenishment oiler USNS Big Horn (T-AO 198), middle, and the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Michael Murphy (DDG 112) after a replenishment-at-sea, Aug. 3, 2024. US Navy Photo

For combat surge units, that means shorter availabilities and more time certified to deploy, Caudle said Tuesday at the ASNE Fleet Maintenance and Modernization symposium.

“We will only accomplish this by getting platforms in and out of maintenance on time; in addition, we must embrace novel approaches to training, manning, modernization, and sustainment to ready the force. By 2027, we will achieve and sustain an 80 percent combat surge-ready posture for ships, submarines and aircraft,” reads the plan.

As of now, maintenance for the surface Navy force – cruisers, destroyers, amphibious warships and Littoral Combat Ships – is about 2,700 days behind. Overseeing the reduction of that backlog to create the surge force has been assigned to Vice Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jim Kilby, according to the document.

To prepare for a 2027 conflict with China in the Pacific, the Navy is emphasizing a new class of unmanned systems in line with the Pentagon’s Replicator initiative to create low-cost, lethal air and surface systems that would disrupt a cross Taiwan Strait invasion. The “hellscape” concept that was born from experimentation in the U.S. Pacific Fleet is driving the first tranche of Replicator investment.

“The Ukrainian Navy used a combination of missiles, robotic surface vessels, and agile digital capabilities to deny the Russian Navy use of the western Black Sea and threaten Russia’s supply lines to occupying forces in Crimea. In the Red Sea, Houthi forces created massed effects through a mix of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and drones against the U.S. and partner navies at sea for the first time,” reads the plan.
“As a start, the Navy established an enlisted Robotics Warfare Specialist rating in 2024, and we are exploring how we grow robotics expertise in the officer corps. We have moved from experimentation to integrating robotic and autonomous systems across numbered fleets and Navy Special Warfare. We have learned how to employ such systems as sensors, as well as munitions. We are making critical pushes to scale testing on new systems to counter drones as well, including directed energy.”

The Navy adopted a two-track approach for unmanned systems with hellscape drones as a near-term solution and development for sophisticated unmanned systems pushed further down the road, officials told USNI News.

Two Global Autonomous Reconnaissance Crafts (GARC), from Unmanned Surface Vessel Squadron 3 (USVRON 3), operate near Naval Amphibious Base Coronado May 15, 2024. US Navy Image

“Robotic and autonomous systems are incredibly important but [they are] operating on two different time horizons so that we don’t get our streams crossed about budgetary requirements [and] programmatic requirements,” a Navy official told USNI News.

Development of new platforms like the Large Unmanned Surface Vessel and the Medium USV are wrapped up in a separate, ongoing force-design effort.

Looking to the high-end fight, the plan also includes development of maritime operations centers – or MOCs – that will be the decision-making hub for a fight.

“Supporting that fight requires new ways of operating, from sustaining the fleet in contested environments, to an understanding that our installations and Maritime Operations Centers are themselves warfighting platforms,” reads the report.
“Information dominance is the key enabler in this new form of maneuver warfare, by which we confound the adversary’s ability to find, fix, and attack our forces. In other words, Distributed Maritime Operations is complex, fleet-level warfare on a scale we have not executed in nearly a century, blending decentralization and unity of effort in a way that places intense new demands on fleet commanders.”

Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti speaks to Sailors during a visit to the K. Mark Takai Pacific Warfighting Center during Exercise Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2024, July 11, 2024. US Navy Photo

A Navy official characterized the relationship of units to the MOC as “less the 4,000-mile screwdriver and think more to the the vignette that CNO has given of an orchestra maestro. Sometimes you’re just going to have to wait while the oboe plays, because [the conductor] sees the full sheet of music, and you don’t, and I’m going to try and provide you as much context and much interlacing with the joint force and the capabilities that sit at higher national or allied levels that you don’t necessarily have insider access to.”

In terms of personnel, “by 2027, we will achieve 100 percent rating fill for the Navy active and reserve components, man our deploying units to 95 percent of billets authorized, and fill 100 percent of strategic depth mobilization billets. We will reach 100 percent recruiting shipping fill and a 50 percent Delayed Entry Program posture.”

After two years of failing to meet its recruiting goal for the active force, the Navy saw a positive increase in recruiting and retention, the service announced last month.

Other efforts include increasing quality of service and improvements in training and infrastructure.

In terms of fleet design, the Navy is sticking with the 381-ship fleet goal arrived at in 2023, USNI News reported at the time.

“The Navy emphatically acknowledges the need for a larger, more lethal force. Beyond the 381 battle force ships and submarines last assessed in June 2023, it must also include the aircraft, munitions, people, data, spectrums, and all enabling capabilities that produce a global fleet capable of massing combat power in the time and place of our choosing. It also means seamless integration with the Joint Force, Allies, and partners, all of whom are key to enabling joint maneuver, and for whom the Navy provides critical elements of an integrated kill web,” reads the report.

The lack of detail on the future force is causing at least one analyst pause.

Naval analyst Bryan Clark, who reviewed the NAVPLAN, told USNI News on Wednesday he liked Franchetti’s clear short-term goals for the service to keep focused on the 2027 high-end warfare goals but wanted more detail on how the service would wrestle with a 381-ship goal, which will be unaffordable based on the Navy’s budget projections of 3 to 5 percent growth annually.

“A 380-ship Navy requires a 20 percent bigger budget… Fundamentally, the Navy is on an unsustainable trajectory in terms of its costs,” Clark told USNI News.
“That target is probably wrong if it’s not achievable.”

CNO Franchetti's New Navy Navigation Plan - USNI News

CNO Franchetti’s New Navy Navigation Plan

U.S. Naval Institute Staff

September 18, 2024 12:18 PM

The following is Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti’s Navigation Plan for America’s Warfighting Navy that was released to the fleet on Sept. 18, 2024.

From the report

In January 2024, I released America’s Warfighting Navy to convey my unifying vision for our service: who we are, what we do, and where we are going. This Navigation Plan is my strategic guidance to the Navy, building on that vision and picking up where the 2022 Navigation Plan left off.

As any navigator knows, to get where we want to go, we must first understand where we are. At sea, that starts with taking a fix. There are many ways to establish your position on the open ocean. Mariners of the old world used dead reckoning, the sun, and the stars. Today, technology has allowed us to use space-based capabilities to achieve pinpoint accuracy anywhere on the globe. But no matter how you do it, your first step in navigating is learning your true position.

In much the same way, I have spent my first year as the 33rd Chief of Naval Operations taking fixes across the Navy. The last Navigation Plan outlined 18 critical lines of effort to point us towards warfighting advantage. After visiting every fleet, I am filled with confidence—we have made significant progress since the last plan we filed. I could not be more proud of the hard work done by our team, our active and reserve Navy Sailors and our civilians, to give us that advantage. But as with any long journey, we must also be prepared to adjust course and speed. In some cases, we are behind our projections. In others, the world has forced us to reeval‎uate our chosen path.

The initiatives outlined in prior guidance must continue with purpose and urgency. Based on my fix, however, I can also see seven areas where we need to accelerate. Those areas, what I call my “Project 33” targets, are where I will invest my time and resources to put my thumb on the scale. These targets focus on my North Star of raising readiness across the force by 2027 to be ready for crisis or conflict. But in a broader sense, my targets are really waypoints on a journey that will continue long after my time at the helm. In that spirit, we must think, act, and operate differently today so the leaders of tomorrow have the players, the concepts, and the capabilities they need to fight and win.

Executing the Navigation Plan
This Navigation Plan drives toward two strategic ends: readiness for the possibility of war with the People’s Republic of China by 2027 and enhancing the Navy’s long-term advantage. We will work towards these ends through two mutually reinforcing ways: implementing Project 33 and expanding the Navy’s contribution to the Joint warfighting ecosystem.

Project 33 is how we will get more ready players on the field by 2027. Project 33 sets my targets for pushing hard to make strategically meaningful gains in the fastest possible time with the resources we influence.

The seven Project 33 targets are:

• Ready the force by eliminating ship, submarine, and aircraft maintenance delays
• Scale robotic and autonomous systems to integrate more platforms at speed
• Create the command centers our fleets need to win on a distributed battlefield
• Recruit and retain the force we need to get more players on the field
• Deliver a quality of service commensurate with the sacrifices of our Sailors
• Train for combat as we plan to fight, in the real world and virtually
• Restore the critical infrastructure that sustains and projects the fight from shore

Project 33 sets new targets but we do not need new levers to reach them. This is core to my guidance. We will deliver results using the tools and resources we have to gain ground without losing speed.