다윈 "생물진화론(진,gene;생물유전자)" vs 도킨스 "문화진화론(밈,meme;문화유전자)"

[석수]

생물진화론 : 진(gene,생물유전자)의 진화


문화진화론 : 밈(meme;문화유전자)의 진화

meme은 "흉내를 낸다"라는 뜻을 가진 그리스어 mimeme의 약어

'흉내를 낸다'는 뜻을 가진 그리스어는 **'미메시스(mimesis, μίμησις)'**입니다.

이 단어의 동사형은 **'미메이스다이(mīmeisthai, μιμεῖσθαι)'**로, '흉내 내다', '모방하다'라는 의미를 가지고 있습니다.

또한, '모방하는 사람', '배우'라는 뜻의 **'미모스(mimos, μῖμος)'**라는 단어도 여기에서 유래했고

판토 마임(mime)이라는 단어 역시 여기에서 나왔습니다.


meme 밈
noun

1.
an image, video, piece of text, etc., typically humorous in nature, that is copied and spread rapidly by internet users, often with slight variations.
"celebrity gossip and memes often originate on the site"

2.
an element of a culture or system of behavior passed from one individual to another by imitation or other nongenetic means.

verb

create an internet meme from (an image, video, piece of text, etc.).
"there's always one audience reaction shot at the Oscars that gets memed"


gene 쥔, 유전자

/dʒiːn/


The gene for blue eyes first appeared between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago.
파란 눈에 대한 유전자는 6,000년과 10,000년(십천년) 전 사이에 최초로 등장했다.

Baby with blue eyes trying to stuff a toy brick into their mouth

DNA information is carried within one's genes.
DNA 정보는 한 사람의 유전자 안에 담겨 있다.


Scientists have developed a new method for identifying genes that cause cancer.
과학자들은 암의 원인이 되는 유전자들을 확인하기 위한 새로운 방식을 개발했다.

Artistic depiction of DNA
Genes carry the basic information of life.
유전자는 생명체의 기본 정보를 담고 있다.



Apollo 17 commander Gene Cernan was the last man to walk on the Earth’s only natural satellite on December 14, 1972.
아폴로17의 사령관 Gene Cernan은 1972년 12월 14일 지구의 유일한 천연 위성(달:역주)을 걸은 마지막 사람이었다.

However, he believes this gene-editing technology could possibly cure AIDS.
그러나, 그는 이 유전자-수정 기술이 에이즈를 치료할 수 있을 거라고 믿는다.

This gene-editing took place in a scientific lab, but has not been tested on humans yet.
이 유전자-수정법은 연구실에서는 발생했지만, 아직 사람에게 실험되지는 않았다.



The researchers say that targeting the gene might help scientists stop people from becoming overweight.
연구진은 이 유전자를 목표로 잡는 것이 사람들이 과체중이 되는 것을 막는 데 도움이 될 수 있다고 말한다.






The term "meme" was coined by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

It is an abbreviation of the Ancient Greek word mimeme (μίμημα), which means "imitated thing".

Coining the term

Purpose: Dawkins created the word to describe a unit of cultural transmission or imitation. He wanted a monosyllabic word that sounded similar to gene to highlight the parallel between genetic and cultural evolution.


Original concept: As described in Chapter 11 of his book, Dawkins defines a meme as a replicator of cultural information that can include ideas, fashions, tunes, catchphrases, and other cultural phenomena. Just as genes spread themselves in the gene pool through biological reproduction, memes propagate themselves in the "meme pool" by leaping from brain to brain via imitation.

"Selfish" replicators: According to Dawkins' theory of "memetics," memes are self-replicating entities that compete for attention and space in the human mind, television airtime, or library shelves. Their success is not dependent on their benefit to humans, but on their ability to get copied and transmitted.


The internet meme

Meaning shift: The term has undergone a significant semantic shift since its coinage. While Dawkins' original concept was much broader, the term has become almost exclusively associated with online phenomena.


Hijacking the idea: In a 2013 interview, Dawkins referred to the internet meme as a "hijacking of the original idea". He pointed out that internet memes are often deliberately altered for creative or humorous purposes, unlike his original concept where mutation happened randomly.

Modern usage: Today, an internet meme is defined as a humorous piece of media, such as an image, video, or piece of text, that is copied and spread rapidly by users online.