(토요모임) [8th, July. 2017] Saturday meeting Topic

[Scarlet]

Howdy ! 

It's me Scarlett !   

This week we have 3 topics. 

◈ Love : These are the questions one writer says can make you fall in love with a stranger

◈ Tech. issue : The internet of Things

----------------------- From smog diamonds to algae street-lights. This man is designing a cleaner, greener, brighter future 

----------------------- These are the top 10 emerging technologies of 2017

◈ Motivational movie clip : Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?

Hope you enjoy the topics. 

With luv 

Scarlett 

---

These are the questions one writer says 

can make you fall in love with a stranger

Erin Brodwin / Jan. 13, 2015, 11:23 AM

What if love weren't as passive as we tend to picture it being?

What if, instead of stumbling into it as a result of chance or fate, we actively choose it?

In 1997, State University of New York psychologist Arthur Aron tested the idea that two people who were willing to feel more connected to each other could do so, even within a short time.The experiment is featured prominently in a recent Modern Love column in The New York Times, in which the author pointed to the questions as the springboard into her own romance; more on that here.

For his study, Aron separated two groups of people, then paired people up within their groups and had them chat with one another for 45 minutes. While the first group of pairs spent the 45 minutes engaging in small talk, the second group got a list of questions that gradually grew more intimate.

Not surprisingly, the pairs who asked the gradually more probing questions felt closer and more connected after the 45 minutes were up. Six months later, two of the participants (a tiny fraction of the original study group) even found themselves in love — an intriguing result, though not a significant one.

Here are the 36 questions the pairs in Aron's test group asked one another, broken up into three sets. Each set is intended to be more intimate than the one that came before.

 Question Set 1

1. Given the choice of anyone in the world, whom would you want as a dinner guest?

2. Would you like to be famous? In what way?

3. Before making a telephone call, do you ever rehearse what you are going to say? Why?

4. What would constitute a "perfect" day for you?

5. When did you last sing to yourself? To someone else?

6. If you were able to live to the age of 90 and retain either the mind or body of a 30-year-old for the last 60 years of your life, which would you want?

7. Do you have a secret hunch about how you will die?

8. Name three things you and your partner appear to have in common.

9. For what in your life do you feel most grateful?

10. If you could change anything about the way you were raised, what would it be?

11. Take four minutes and tell your partner your life story in as much detail as possible.

12. If you could wake up tomorrow having gained any one quality or ability, what would it be?

 Question Set 2

13. If a crystal ball could tell you the truth about yourself, your life, the future or anything else, what would you want to know?

14. Is there something that you’ve dreamed of doing for a long time? Why haven’t you done it?

15. What is the greatest accomplishment of your life?

16. What do you value most in a friendship?

17. What is your most treasured memory?

18. What is your most terrible memory?

19. If you knew that in one year you would die suddenly, would you change anything about the way you are now living? Why?

20. What does friendship mean to you?

21. What roles do love and affection play in your life?

22. Alternate sharing something you consider a positive characteristic of your partner. Share a total of five items.

23. How close and warm is your family? Do you feel your childhood was happier than most other people’s?

24. How do you feel about your relationship with your mother?

 Question Set 3

25. Make three true "we" statements each. For instance, "We are both in this room feeling ______."

26. Complete this sentence: “I wish I had someone with whom I could share _______.”

27. If you were going to become a close friend with your partner, please share what would be important for him or her to know.

28. Tell your partner what you like about them; be very honest this time, saying things that you might not say to someone you’ve just met.

29. Share with your partner an embarrassing moment in your life.

30. When did you last cry in front of another person? By yourself?

31. Tell your partner something that you like about them already.

32. What, if anything, is too serious to be joked about?

33. If you were to die this evening with no opportunity to communicate with anyone, what would you most regret not having told someone? Why haven’t you told them yet?

34. Your house, containing everything you own, catches fire. After saving your loved ones and pets, you have time to safely make a final dash to save any one item. What would it be? Why?

35. Of all the people in your family, whose death would you find most disturbing? Why?

36. Share a personal problem and ask your partner’s advice on how he or she might handle it. Also, ask your partner to reflect back to you how you seem to be feeling about the problem you have chosen.

Try them out, and let us know what happens.

Article source : http://www.businessinsider.com/questions-psychologist-says-can-make-you-fall-in-love-2015-1?utm_content=buffer0f6cc&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer

---

<Questions>

Q1. What is your definition of LOVE? 

Q2. Why do you love someone? 

Q3. Could you explain changes of your status when you are falling in love? 

Q4. Have you ever loved someone you should not? 

Q5. How do you deal with your relationship when your passionate emotion to your partner is fade away from you? 

Q6. What is your favorite movie or song in terms of love?

Q7. Do you think you can fall in love with a stranger? 

Q8. Could you describe your ideal type? Who is close to your ideal type among celebrities? Why do you select him/her as your ideal type? 

Q9. Please try above 36 questions out with your table members. And please let us know your status. Do you feel more closeness to your table members to fall in love with them? 

---

The Internet of Things

Graphic source : http://www.talk2thefuture.com/internet-of-things-english/

The Internet of Things has dozens of definitions, but they generally all talk about using the Internet (which people are accustomed to using for email, social networking, web browsing and e-commerce) as the backbone for communication by sensors, actuators, devices, buildings, streets, machines and smart cities. 

---

The Internet Of Things |

Are You Ready For The Promise Of A Connected World?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as the third wave in the development of the Internet. The 1990s’ fixed Internet wave connected 1 billion users while the 2000s’ mobile wave connected another 2 billion. The Internet of Things has the potential to connect 10 times as many (28 billion) “things” to the Internet by 2020, ranging from bracelets to cars, blurring the lines between hardware, software, and mobile.

We stand at the dawn of a new age, just as the smartphone revolutionized personal computing by creating a computer that most of us have within arm’s reach 24 hours a day. The Internet of Things promises to revolutionize computing again, by connecting and collecting data from everything we live in, drive in, eat in, sleep in and work in.

IoT devices to date have been pieces of hardware that connect to an app on your smartphone, which allows you to interact with them. The connected watch signals an important shift as it combines the hardware and sensors with the software and user interface into one device. While it still requires a connected phone to connect to the Internet, it is easy to see a future connected watch that eliminates the need for the phone entirely.

As IoT devices evolve, they will take on more “mobile” qualities and become the new home for many functions we currently rely on our smartphones to perform. In addition to making search obsolete, IoT could make the smartphone largely irrelevant in the near future.

The Internet of Things promises to revolutionize computing again, by connecting and collecting data from everything

In just a year or two, the number of IoT devices will outnumber the number of PCs, smartphones and laptops globally. Forecasts range from as low as 41 billion to as high as 80 billion connected devices worldwide by 2020.

For years people have been claiming that search is dead, but we still find ourselves on Google looking for a restaurant, searching for the best ski equipment or researching a new company. However, the promise of IoT means never having to search again. With every connected device you have, more data is collected about you, your habits, your needs and your preferences. When this data is aggregated, a complete virtual profile of you emerges. This profile will know what you need before you do.

The “virtual you” will be able to anticipate your needs, perform the necessary search, and deliver what you need, before you even have to ask. It will be able to adjust your thermostat before you realize you are too hot, or place an order for tissues before you notice you have run out. Obviously, search still happens, but it is all done behind the scenes. If the Internet of Things becomes what we believe it can be, you’ll never need to visit the Google homepage again.

Are you ready for the Internet of Things? Or are you concerned about the massive violation of privacy that such a Thing implies?

Source : http://thetechreader.com/tech/the-internet-of-things-are-you-ready-for-the-promise-of-a-connected-world/

---

Unlocking the potential of the Internet of Things

June 2015 | byJames Manyika, Michael Chui, Peter Bisson,

Jonathan Woetzel, Richard Dobbs, Jacques Bughin, and Dan Aharon

The Internet of Things—sensors and actuators connected by networks to computing systems—has received enormous attention over the past five years. A new McKinsey Global Institute report, The Internet of Things: Mapping the value beyond the hype, attempts to determine exactly how IoT technology can create real economic value. Our central finding is that the hype may actually understate the full potential—but that capturing it will require an understanding of where real value can be created and a successful effort to address a set of systems issues, including interoperability.

To get a broader view of the IoT’s potential benefits and challenges across the global economy, we analyzed more than 150 use cases, ranging from people whose devices monitor health and wellness to manufacturers that utilize sensors to optimize the maintenance of equipment and protect the safety of workers. Our bottom-up analysis for the applications we size estimates that the IoT has a total potential economic impact of $3.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion a year by 2025. At the top end, that level of value—including the consumer surplus—would be equivalent to about 11 percent of the world economy (exhibit).

Achieving this kind of impact would require certain conditions to be in place, notably overcoming the technical, organizational, and regulatory hurdles. In particular, companies that use IoT technology will play a critical role in developing the right systems and processes to maximize its value. Among our findings:

•Interoperability between IoT systems is critical. Of the total potential economic value the IoT enables, interoperability is required for 40 percent on average and for nearly 60 percent in some settings.
•Currently, most IoT data are not used. For example, on an oil rig that has 30,000 sensors, only 1 percent of the data are examined. That’s because this information is used mostly to detect and control anomalies—not for optimization and prediction, which provide the greatest value.
•Business-to-business applications will probably capture more value—nearly 70 percent of it—than consumer uses, although consumer applications, such as fitness monitors and self-driving cars, attract the most attention and can create significant value, too.
•The IoT has a large potential in developing economies. Still, we estimate that it will have a higher overall value impact in advanced economies because of the higher value per use. However, developing economies could generate nearly 40 percent of the IoT’s value, and nearly half in some settings.
•Customers will capture most of the benefits. We estimate that IoT users (businesses, other organizations, and consumers) could capture 90 percent of the value that IoT applications generate. For example, in 2025 remote monitoring could create as much as $1.1 trillion a year in value by improving the health of chronic-disease patients. 
•A dynamic industry is evolving around IoT technology. As in other technology waves, both incumbents and new players have opportunities. Digitization blurs the lines between technology companies and other types of businesses; makers of industrial machinery, for example, are creating new business models by using IoT links and data to offer their products as a service.

The digitization of machines, vehicles, and other elements of the physical world is a powerful idea. Even at this early stage, the IoT is starting to have a real impact by changing how goods are made and distributed, how products are serviced and refined, and how doctors and patients manage health and wellness. But capturing the full potential of IoT applications will require innovation in technologies and business models, as well as investment in new capabilities and talent. With policy actions to encourage interoperability, ensure security, and protect privacy and property rights, the Internet of Things can begin to reach its full potential—especially if leaders truly embrace data-driven decision making.

About the authors

James Manyika, Jonathan Woetzel, and Richard Dobbs are directors of the McKinsey Global Institute, where Michael Chui is a partner; Peter Bisson is a director in McKinsey’s Stamford office; Jacques Bughin is a director in the Brussels office; and Dan Aharon is a consultant in the New York office.

Source : http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/the_internet_of_things_the_value_of_digitizing_the_physical_world

---

<Questions>

Q1. Have you ever heard about the 'Internet of Things' ? What is the definition of IOTs?

       What are the most controversial issues on this matter?

Q2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of those IOT technologies?

Q3. Did you watch the movie 'transcendence'? The concept of connceted world sounds fancy and beneficial to humanbeing due to the efficiency of technology application, however it is provoking me worries related to humanitarian issues. How about your feelings on this movie?

Q4. In the perspective of application of this technology, where you want to apply those technology is the matter of concern. If you apply this tech. into energe managmemt or public safety & traffic control management and etc., it would bring best benefits into the society. If you are a mayor of your city, where will you apply this tech in your territory?

Q5. From the article, computer can predict your future decision making by observing and analysing all your past behaviors using connected technological infrastructure. Why people want to predict your future behaviors? Do you think you act based on the past habitual behaviors?          

Q6. Do you think 'Vertual yourself' can exist in the world and sustitute your own desire? 

Q7. We cannot prohibit spreading of all those fancy technologies inspite of various worries such as labor substitution by machine, hacking problem and pravacy infringement.Then, what should we prepare for the future?

---

From smog diamonds to algae street-lights. 

This man is designing a cleaner, greener, brighter future 

25 Jun 2017/ Daan Roosegaarde / Founder, Studio Roosegaarde

Daan Roosegaarde stole the show this year in Dalian, with his Smog-Free Project, a tower that sucks up polluted air, cleans it and releases it back into parks and playgrounds. Another aspect of the project saw the captured smog turned into diamonds.

Roosegaarde came up with the idea while gazing out over Beijing’s polluted skyline, and many of the Dutch artist and innovator’s designs have been inspired by the natural world and the relationship between people, technology, and space.

Studio Roosegaarde, the social design lab he runs out of Rotterdam and Shanghai, has also looked at using bioluminescent algae to light up our paths and waterways, bicycles that filter pollution and direct a stream of clean air towards the cyclist and motorways which charge from sunlight and glow at night.

Here, Roosegaarde discusses the progress of some his most exciting work.

This time a couple of years ago, you created a stir in China with your Smog Free Tower – a kind of outdoor vacuum cleaner that sucks up pollution. What’s new with that?

We’ve proved it works! That’s really important.

A team at the Eindhoven University of Technology showed that people can enjoy significantly cleaner air in its vicinity.

To be precise: the researchers found that within 20 metres of a tower, you are breathing 45% fewer PM10 – that’s particles of pollution that are less than 10 microns in size – and 25% fewer PM2.5.

We have lots of interest now from mayors around the world.

We are displaying the Smog-Free Tower in Dalian this week, and producing more towers in China. We’re about to launch the project in India.

The tower is an attention-grabbing conversation-starter, but is it also a practical solution to the problem of urban air pollution?

Yes, we see it as a local solution.

I don’t see it as purely an artistic statement because I aim to have the tower working at scale in parks.

The project shows the beauty of clean air, and clean energy. But the ideal future, obviously, isn’t polluted cities with clean air in parks. It’s cities where the air is clean everywhere.

That means more investments in green tech. I’d like the Smog-Free Project to spark conversations with governments, NGOs and universities on how to do that.

The Smog-Free Project, by the way, isn’t only about the tower.

We make Smog-Free Rings by compressing smog filtered by the tower, and by purchasing one you donate 1000 square meters of clean air.

We hold Smog-Free Dialogues where we invite scholars and other makers who create innovative solutions for smog-free cities.

From the one we held at the contemporary art museum M Woods in Beijing, we developed the idea of Smog-Free Bicycles, which inhale the polluted air, clean it, and direct a stream of clean air towards the cyclist.

We recently released the concept, and it is creating a lot of attention in the media. We hope to find a solid partner who would like to develop this further.

Another project you’re launching soon is light installations that use bioluminescent algae. How did that come about?

I enjoy diving at night.

When you shut off your flashlight underwater, you see swarms of bioluminescent algae.

You move through them, and they respond to the movement by lighting up like fireflies.

Nobody knows why they do this, by the way – whether it’s to convey information, or scare predators, or it’s just an epiphenomenon.

For the last two years, I’ve been working with a team at Wageningen University and Studio Roosegaarde to collect, nurture and selectively breed these algae.

Now we have, without doubt, the brightest in the world.

Shake a jar of them, and it lights up.

We’ve increased their longevity, too – they survive for several months. We’re planning to use them in layers of water, one or two centimetres thick, so they shine as you interact with them.

You’ll first be able to experience this in November at the Afsluitdijk, the 32-kilometre dike, which protects the Netherlands against flooding.

As part of the dike’s renovation, we were asked by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment in the Netherlands to create an installation that uses light in various ways to make people think about how the dike shields the country from the sea.

Along the dike are old concrete bunkers from wartime. We’ll show the bioluminescent algae there.

Is this, like the Smog Free Tower, an example of an artistic statement that could potentially have practical applications at scale?

We like to start with a big statement with an installation, and there is always a desire to upscale.

I can imagine, for example, using bioluminescent algae to light bicycle paths through a forest, where you don’t want to have invasive LEDs.

There’s something magical about having dark places lit up by these ancient organisms, alive and responsive.

What does nature teach us about design, and what other problems in the world might we be able to solve by looking to nature for inspiration?

I’ve recently been in Brazil to see the work of Luis Forti.

He studied ant colonies by pouring concrete into abandoned anthills then excavating. And he discovered an incredibly complex and beautiful system of logistics, including ventilation shafts – in effect, ants have engineered underground air conditioning. Now that’s a smart city.

So, what principles might we learn from ants to make our own cities more liveable?

Ants manage not to have traffic jams, for example. Their waste becomes food for others. Could we understand how they do it, and copy-morph those principles into our own cities?

Or think about the silent way an owl flies.

Might that teach us anything about reducing noise pollution from aircraft?

These questions may sound esoteric but they are worth asking. Nature isn’t just to look at and be amazed by, it’s a potential pool of knowledge.

There’s no shortage of technology or money in this world, but there is often a shortage of imagination.

Another question you’re asking is how to solve the problem of space debris. How did you get interested in that?

In a crazy way, I am a voluntary prisoner of my imagination – I get obsessed by things.

Four years ago, looking out of a Beijing hotel room window, I became inspired by Beijing smog. And working on the Smog-Free Tower led me to wonder whether similar principles might work for space debris.

Right now, the Americans are tracking 23,000 pieces of space debris that have been caused by collisions between satellites.

Any one of them could take down another satellite, creating yet more debris, and a higher chance of further collisions, until conceivably we pass a tipping point where all the satellites are taken out, we can’t launch spacecraft through the debris, and humankind has trapped itself inside a layer of space waste.

What a future that would be to leave to our kids.

I don’t have an answer yet, but I’m enjoying conversations with astronauts and tech companies to think through possible approaches.

Is this something you’re doing on your own initiative, rather than something a client has commissioned you to think about?

About 60% of what my studio does is commissioned by someone – a government, a city, an entrepreneur – and 40% is self-commissioned, putting our own time and money into developing an idea and seeing where it goes.

After all, four years ago, nobody was going to call me up and say “we’d like you to build a Smog-Free Tower”.

How do you think about the balance in your work between solving problems, making art and directing people’s attention to important issues?

Everything I do has some poetic and some pragmatic ingredients.

And the common aim is to improve life, whether that’s in the short term by proposing practical solutions or in the longer term by triggering conversations.

Ultimately, impact comes not only from the bottom up or the top down, but from what happens when they meet in the middle.

That’s why I value the World Economic Forum, because people like me can come with proposals and connect with governments. Together we have the power to enforce and enhance and improve.

Article source : https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/smog-diamonds-algae-design-daan-roosegaarde

---

< Questions >

Q1. How do you think about fascinating technologies such as smog diamonds or algae street-lights? 

Q2. If you face the similar troubles in your community, would you apply those technologies into your community? 

Q3. Do you find any annoying problems around you? Did you take any actions for it? 

Q4. How do you think about Daan Roosegaarde's approach to mimic nature's function to tackle the faced problems in his community? 

---

These are the top 10 emerging technologies of 2017

26 Jun 2017/ Oliver Cann / Head of Media Content, World Economic Forum Geneva

A diverse range of breakthrough technologies, including “artificial leaves” that turn CO2 into fuel, and a technique that harvests water from air, could soon be playing a role in tackling the world’s most pressing challenges, according to a list published today by the World Economic Forum.

The technologies were selected by the World Economic Forum’s Expert Networkand Global Future Councils in collaboration with Scientific American and its Board of Advisors. Each technology was chosen for its potential to improve lives, transform industries and safeguard the planet. The experts were also looking for indications that the technologies have reached a level of maturity that would enable widespread take-up in the coming 3-5 years.

“New technologies are redefining industries, blurring traditional boundaries and creating new opportunities on a scale never seen before. Public and private institutions must develop the correct policies, protocols and collaborations to allow such innovation to build a better future, while avoiding the risks that unchecked technological change could pose,” said Murat Sönmez, Head of the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Member of the Managing Board of the World Economic Forum.

The top 10 technologies to make this year's list are:

1. Liquid biopsies

Liquid biopsies mark a step forward in the fight against cancer. First, they are an alternative where traditional tissue-based biopsies are not possible. Second, they provide a full spectrum of information compared to tissue samples, which only reflect the information available in the sample. Lastly, by homing in on circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA), genetic material that routinely finds its way from cancer cells into the bloodstream, disease progression or resistance to treatment can be spotted much faster than otherwise relying on symptoms or imaging.

2. Harvesting clean water from air

The ability to extract clean water from air is not new, however existing techniques require high moisture levels and a lot of electricity. This is changing. A team from MIT and University of California, Berkeley has successfully tested a process using porous crystals that convert the water using no energy at all. Another approach, by a start-up called Zero Mass Water from Arizona is able to produce 2-5 litres of water a day based on an off-grid solar system.

3. Deep learning for visual tasks

Computers are beginning to recognize images better than humans. Thanks to deep learning, an emerging field of artificial intelligence, computer-vision technologies are increasingly being used in applications as diverse as driving autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostics, damage assessment for insurance claims and monitoring of water levels and crop yield.

4. Liquid fuels from sunshine

Can we mimic the humble leaf to create an artificial photosynthesis to generate and store energy? The prospects are looking increasingly positive. The answer lies in using sunlight-activated catalysts to split water molecules into water and hydrogen, and then using the same hydrogen to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons. Such a closed system - wherein CO2 emitted by combustion is then transformed back into fuel instead of the atmosphere - could prove to be revolutionary for the solar and wind industries.

5. The Human Cell Atlas

An international collaboration aimed at deciphering the human body, called the Human Cell Atlas, was launched in October 2016. The project, backed by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative aims to identify every cell type in every tissue; learn exactly which genes, proteins and other molecules are active in each type and the processes which control that activity; determine where the cells are located exactly; how the cells normally interact with one another, and what happens to the body’s functioning when genetic or other aspects of a cell undergo change, among other things. The end product will be an invaluable tool for improving and personalizing health care.

6. Precision farming

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is providing farmers with a new set of tools to boost crop yield and quality while reducing water and chemical use. Sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software are all being used to customize the care that plants need. While the prospect of using drones to capture plant health in real time may be some way off for most of the world’s farmers, low-tech techniques are coming online too. Salah Sukkarieh, of the University of Sydney, for instance, has demonstrated a streamlined, low-cost monitoring system in Indonesia that relies on solar power and cell phones.

7. Affordable catalysts for green vehicles

Progress is being made on a promising zero-emission technology, the hydrogen-fed fuel cell. Progress to date has been stymied by the high price of catalysts which contain platinum. However, much progress has been made reducing reliance on this rare and expensive metal, and the latest developments involve catalysts that include no platinum, or in some cases no metal at all.

8. Genomic vaccines

Vaccines based on genes are superior to more conventional ones in a number of ways. They are faster to manufacture for one thing, which is crucial at times of a violent outbreak. Compared to manufacturing proteins in cell cultures or eggs, producing genetic material should also be simpler and less expensive. A genomics-based approach to vaccines also enables more rapid adaptation in the event of a pathogen mutating, and finally allows scientists to identify people who are resistant to a pathogen, isolate the antibodies that provide that protection, and design a gene sequence that will induce a person’s cells to produce those antibodies.

9. Sustainable design of communities

Applying green construction to multiple buildings at once has the potential to revolutionize the amount of energy and water we consume. Sending locally-generated solar power to a smart microgrid could reduce electricity consumption by half and reduce carbon emissions to zero if a project currently under development at the University of California at Berkeley Goes to plan. Meanwhile, the same project’s plan to re-design water systems so that waste water from toilets and drains is treated and re-used on site, with rainwater diverted to toilets and washers, could cut demand for potable water by 70%.

10. Quantum computing

Quantum computers’ almost limitless potential has only ever been matched by the difficulty and cost of their construction. Which explains why today the small ones that have been built have not yet managed to exceed the power of supercomputers. But progress is being made and in 2016 the technology firm IBM provided the public access to the first quantum computer in the cloud. This has already led to more than 20 academic papers being published using the tool and today more than 50 start-ups and large corporations worldwide are focused on making quantum computing a reality. With such progress behind us, the word on people’s lips now is “Quantum Ready.”

Article source : https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/these-are-the-top-10-emerging-technologies-of-2017

---

< Questions >

Q1. Do you find any tech. that intrigues you among below 10 diverse range of breakthrough technologies? For instance, “artificial leaves” that turn CO2 into fuel, and a technique that harvests water from air, could soon be playing a role in tackling the world’s most pressing challenges, according to a list published today by the World Economic Forum.

Q2. Do you think you are tech. friendly person? Which phase are you involved in a below chart?

Q3. What is the most cutting edge gadget what you are possessing?

---

Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?

00:12

I just want to share with you what I have been experiencing over the last five years in having the great privilege of traveling to many of the poorest countries in the world.

00:21

This scene is one I see all the time everywhere, and these young children are looking at a smartphone, and the smartphone is having a huge impact in even the poorest countries. I said to my team, you know, what I see is a rise in aspirations all over the world. In fact, it seems to me that there's a convergence of aspirations. And I asked a team of economists to actually look into this. Is this true? Are aspirations converging all around the world? So they looked at things like Gallup polls about satisfaction in life and what they learned was that if you have access to the internet, your satisfaction goes up. But another thing happens that's very important: your reference income, the income to which you compare your own, also goes up. Now, if the reference income of a nation, for example, goes up 10 percent by comparing themselves to the outside, then on average, people's own incomes have to go up at least five percent to maintain the same level of satisfaction. But when you get down into the lower percentiles of income, your income has to go up much more if the reference income goes up 10 percent, something like 20 percent. And so with this rise of aspirations, the fundamental question is: Are we going to have a situation where aspirations are linked to opportunity and you get dynamism and economic growth, like that which happened in the country I was born in, in Korea? Or are aspirations going to meet frustration?

01:55

This is a real concern, because between 2012 and 2015, terrorism incidents increased by 74 percent. The number of deaths from terrorism went up 150 percent. Right now, two billion people live in conditions of fragility, conflict, violence, and by 2030, more than 60 percent of the world's poor will live in these situations of fragility, conflict and violence. And so what do we do about meeting these aspirations? Are there new ways of thinking about how we can rise to meet these aspirations? Because if we don't, I'm extremely worried. Aspirations are rising as never before because of access to the internet. Everyone knows how everyone else lives. Has our ability to meet those aspirations risen as well?

02:43

And just to get at the details of this, I want to share with you my own personal story. This is not my mother, but during the Korean War, my mother literally took her own sister, her younger sister, on her back, and walked at least part of the way to escape Seoul during the Korean War. Now, through a series of miracles, my mother and father both got scholarships to go to New York City. They actually met in New York City and got married in New York City. My father, too, was a refugee. At the age of 19, he left his family in the northern part of the country, escaped through the border and never saw his family again. Now, when they were married and living in New York, my father was a waiter at Patricia Murphy's restaurant. Their aspirations went up. They understood what it was like to live in a place like New York City in the 1950s.

03:38

Well, my brother was born and they came back to Korea, and we had what I remember as kind of an idyllic life, but what was happening in Korea at that time was the country was one of the poorest in the world and there was political upheaval. There were demonstrations just down the street from our house all the time, students protesting against the military government. And at the time, the aspirations of the World Bank Group, the organization I lead now, were extremely low for Korea. Their idea was that Korea would find it difficult without foreign aid to provide its people with more than the bare necessities of life. So the situation is Korea is in a tough position, my parents have seen what life is like in the United States. They got married there. My brother was born there. And they felt that in order to give us an opportunity to reach their aspirations for us, we had to go and come back to the United States.

04:36

Now, we came back. First we went to Dallas. My father did his dental degree all over again. And then we ended up moving to Iowa, of all places. We grew up in Iowa. And in Iowa, we went through the whole course. I went to high school, I went to college. And then one day, something that I'll never forget, my father picked me up after my sophomore year in college, and he was driving me home, and he said, "Jim, what are your aspirations? What do you want to study? What do you want to do?" And I said, "Dad," -- My mother actually was a philosopher, and had filled us with ideas about protest and social justice, and I said, "Dad, I'm going to study political science and philosophy, and I'm going to become part of a political movement." My father, the Korean dentist, slowly pulled the car over to the side of the road --

05:26

(Laughter)

05:28

He looked back at me, and he said, "Jim, you finish your medical residency, you can study anything you want."

05:33

(Laughter)

05:35

Now, I've told this story to a mostly Asian audience before. Nobody laughs. They just shake their head. Of course.

05:43

(Laughter)

05:45

(Applause)

05:47

So, tragically, my father died at a young age, 30 years ago at the age of 57, what happens to be how old I am right now, and when he died in the middle of my medical and graduate studies -- You see, I actually got around it by doing medicine and anthropology. I studied both of them in graduate school.

06:08

But then right about that time, I met these two people, Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer. And Paul and I were in the same program. We were studying medicine and at the same time getting our PhD's in anthropology. And we began to ask some pretty fundamental questions. For people who have the great privilege of studying medicine and anthropology -- I had come from parents who were refugees. Paul grew up literally in a bus in a swamp in Florida. He liked to call himself "white trash." And so we had this opportunity and we said, what is it that we need to do? Given our ridiculously elaborate educations, what is the nature of our responsibility to the world? And we decided that we needed to start an organization. It's called Partners in Health. And by the way, there's a movie made about that.

06:56

(Applause)

06:59

There's a movie that was just a brilliant movie they made about it called "Bending the Arc." It launched at Sundance this past January. Jeff Skoll is here. Jeff is one of the ones who made it happen. And we began to think about what it would take for us to actually have our aspirations reach the level of some of the poorest communities in the world.

07:20

This is my very first visit to Haiti in 1988, and in 1988, we elaborated a sort of mission statement, which is we are going to make a preferential option for the poor in health. Now, it took us a long time, and we were graduate students in anthropology. We were reading up one side of Marx and down the other. Habermas. Fernand Braudel. We were reading everything and we had to come to a conclusion of how are we going to structure our work? So "O for the P," we called it, a preferential option for the poor.

07:53

The most important thing about a preferential option for the poor is what it's not. It's not a preferential option for your own sense of heroism. It's not a preferential option for your own idea about how to lift the poor out of poverty. It's not a preferential option for your own organization. And the hardest of all, it's not a preferential option for your poor. It's a preferential option for the poor.

08:18

So what do you do? Well, Haiti, we started building -- Everyone told us, the cost-effective thing is just focus on vaccination and maybe a feeding program. But what the Haitians wanted was a hospital. They wanted schools. They wanted to provide their children with the opportunities that they'd been hearing about from others, relatives, for example, who had gone to the United States. They wanted the same kinds of opportunities as my parents did. I recognized them. And so that's what we did. We built hospitals. We provided education. And we did everything we could to try to give them opportunities.

08:57

Now, my experience really became intense at Partners in Health in this community, Carabayllo, in the northern slums of Lima, Peru. And in this community, we started out by really just going to people's homes and talking to people, and we discovered an outbreak, an epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This is Melquiades. Melquiades was a patient at that time, he was about 18 years old, and he had a very difficult form of drug-resistant tuberculosis. All of the gurus in the world, the global health gurus, said it is not cost-effective to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis. It's too complicated. It's too expensive. You just can't do it. It can't be done. And in addition, they were getting angry at us, because the implication was if it could be done, we would have done it. Who do you think you are? And the people that we fought with were the World Health Organization and probably the organization we fought with most was the World Bank Group.

09:58

Now, we did everything we could to convince Melquiades to take his medicines, because it's really hard, and not once during the time of treatment did Melquiades's family ever say, "Hey, you know, Melquiades is just not cost-effective. Why don't you go on and treat somebody else?"

10:16

(Laughter)

10:17

I hadn't seen Melquiades for about 10 years and when we had our annual meetings in Lima, Peru a couple of years ago, the filmmakers found him and here is us getting together.

10:28

(Applause)

10:35

He has become a bit of a media star because he goes to the film openings, and he knows how to work an audience now.

10:41

(Laughter)

10:43

But as soon as we won -- We did win. We won the argument. You should treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- we heard the same arguments in the early 2000s about HIV. All of the leading global health people in the world said it is impossible to treat HIV in poor countries. Too expensive, too complicated, you can't do it. Compared to drug-resistant TB treatment, it's actually easier. And we were seeing patients like this. Joseph Jeune. Joseph Jeune also never mentioned that he was not cost-effective. A few months of medicines, and this is what he looked like.

11:17

(Applause)

11:19

We call that the Lazarus Effect of HIV treatment. Joseline came to us looking like this. This is what she looked like a few months later.

11:26

(Applause)

11:29

Now, our argument, our battle, we thought, was with the organizations that kept saying it's not cost-effective. We were saying, no, preferential option for the poor requires us to raise our aspirations to meet those of the poor for themselves. And they said, well, that's a nice thought but it's just not cost-effective. So in the nerdy way that we have operated Partners in Health, we wrote a book against, basically, the World Bank. It says that because the World Bank has focused so much on just economic growth and said that governments have to shrink their budgets and reduce expenditures in health, education and social welfare -- we thought that was fundamentally wrong. And we argued with the World Bank. And then a crazy thing happened. President Obama nominated me to be President of the World Bank.

12:20

(Applause)

12:26

Now, when I went to do the vetting process with President Obama's team, they had a copy of "Dying For Growth," and they had read every page. And I said, "OK, that's it, right? You guys are going to drop me?" He goes, "Oh, no, no, it's OK." And I was nominated, and I walked through the door of the World Bank Group in July of 2012, and that statement on the wall, "Our dream is a world free of poverty." A few months after that, we actually turned it into a goal: end extreme poverty by 2030, boost shared prosperity. That's what we do now at the World Bank Group. I feel like I have brought the preferential option for the poor to the World Bank Group.

13:05

(Applause)

13:10

But this is TED, and so I want to share with you some concerns, and then make a proposal.

13:17

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, now, you guys know so much better than I do, but here's the thing that concerns me. What we hear about is job loss. You've all heard that. Our own data suggest to us that two thirds of all jobs, currently existing jobs in developing countries, will be lost because of automation. Now, you've got to make up for those jobs. Now, one of the ways to make up for those jobs is to turn community health workers into a formal labor force. That's what we want to do.

13:41

(Applause)

13:42

We think the numbers will work out, that as health outcomes get better and as people have formal work, we're going to be able to train them with the soft-skills training that you add to it to become workers that will have a huge impact, and that may be the one area that grows the most.

13:59

But here's the other thing that bothers me: right now it seems pretty clear to me that the jobs of the future will be more digitally demanding, and there is a crisis in childhood stunting. So these are photos from Charles Nelson, who shared these with us from Harvard Medical School. And what these photos show on the one side, on the left side, is a three-month-old who has been stunted: not adequate nutrition, not adequate stimulation. And on the other side, of course, is a normal child, and the normal child has all of these neuronal connections. Now, the neuronal connections are important, because that is the definition of human capital. Now, we know that we can reduce these rates. We can reduce these rates of childhood stunting quickly, but if we don't, India, for example, with 38 percent childhood stunting, how are they going to compete in the economy of the future if 40 percent of their future workers cannot achieve educationally and certainly we worry about achieving economically in a way that will help the country as a whole grow.

15:07

Now, what are we going to do? 78 trillion dollars is the size of the global economy. 8.55 trillion dollars are sitting in negative interest rate bonds. That means that you give the German central bank your money and then you pay them to keep your money. That's a negative interest rate bond. 24.4 trillion dollars in very low-earning government bonds. And 8 trillion literally sitting in the hands of rich people under their very large mattresses. What we are trying to do is now use our own tools -- and just to get nerdy for a second, we're talking about first-loss risk debt instruments, we're talking about derisking, blended finance, we're talking about political risk insurance, credit enhancement -- all these things that I've now learned at the World Bank Group that rich people use every single day to make themselves richer, but we haven't used aggressively enough on behalf of the poor to bring this capital in.

16:05

(Applause)

16:12

So does this work? Can you actually bring private-sector players into a country and really make things work? Well, we've done it a couple of times. This is Zambia, Scaling Solar. It's a box-set solution from the World Bank where we come in and we do all the things you need to attract private-sector investors. And in this case, Zambia went from having a cost of electricity at 25 cents a kilowatt-hour, and by just doing simple things, doing the auction, changing some policies, we were able to bring the cost down. Lowest bid, 25 cents a kilowatt-hour for Zambia? The lowest bid was 4.7 cents a kilowatt-hour. It's possible.

16:54

(Applause)

16:56

But here's my proposal for you. This is from a group called Zipline, a cool company, and they literally are rocket scientists. They figured out how to use drones in Rwanda. This is me launching a drone in Rwanda that delivers blood anywhere in the country in less than an hour. So we save lives, this program saved lives --

17:16

(Applause)

17:17

This program made money for Zipline and this program saved huge amounts of money for Rwanda. That's what we need, and we need that from all of you. I'm asking you, carve out a little bit of time in your brains to think about the technology that you work on, the companies that you start, the design that you do. Think a little bit and work with us to see if we can come up with these kinds of extraordinary win-win solutions.

17:41

I'm going to leave you with one final story. I was in Tanzania, and I was in a classroom. This is me with a classroom of 11-year-olds. And I asked them, as I always do, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" Two raised their hands and said, "I want to be President of the World Bank."

17:59

(Laughter)

18:00

And just like you, my own team and their teachers laughed. But then I stopped them. I said, "Look, I want to tell you a story. When I was born in South Korea, this is what it looked like. This is where I came from. And when I was three years old, in preschool, I don't think that George David Woods, the President of the World Bank, if he had visited Korea on that day and come to my classroom, that he would have thought that the future President of the World Bank was sitting in that classroom. Don't let anyone ever tell you that you cannot be President of the World Bank."

18:37

Now -- thank you.

18:38

(Applause)

18:40

Let me leave you with one thought. I came from a country that was the poorest in the world. I'm President of the World Bank. I cannot and I will not pull up the ladder behind me. This is urgent. Aspirations are going up. Everywhere aspirations are going up. You folks in this room, work with us. We know that we can find those Zipline-type solutions and help the poor leapfrog into a better world, but it won't happen until we work together. The future "you" -- and especially for your children -- the future you will depend on how much care and compassion we bring to ensuring that the future "us" provides equality of opportunity for every child in the world.

19:21

Thank you very much.

19:22

(Applause)

19:24

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

19:27

(Applause)

19:33

Chris Anderson: You'd almost think people are surprised to hear a talk like this from the President of the World Bank. It's kind of cool. I'd encourage you to even be a little more specific on your proposal. There's many investors, entrepreneurs in this room. How will you partner with them? What's your proposal?

19:50

Jim Yong Kim: Can I get nerdy for just a second.

19:52

CA: Get nerdy. Absolutely. JYK: So here's what we did. Insurance companies never invest in developing country infrastructure, for example, because they can't take the risk. They're holding money for people who pay for insurance. So what we did was a Swedish International Development Association gave us a little bit of money, we went out and raised a little bit more money, a hundred million, and we took first loss, meaning if this thing goes bad, 10 percent of the loss we'll just eat, and the rest of you will be safe. And that created a 90-percent chunk, tranche that was triple B, investment-grade, so the insurance companies invested. So for us, what we're doing is taking our public money and using it to derisk specific instruments to bring people in from the outside. So all of you who are sitting on trillions of dollars of cash, come to us. Right?

20:38

(Laughter)

20:39

CA: And what you're specifically looking for are investment proposals that create employment in the developing world.

20:45

JYK: Absolutely. Absolutely. So these will be, for example, in infrastructure that brings energy, builds roads, bridges, ports. These kinds of things are necessary to create jobs, but also what we're saying is you may think that the technology you're working on or the business that you're working on may not have applications in the developing world, but look at Zipline. And that Zipline thing didn't happen just because of the quality of the technology. It was because they engaged with the Rwandans early and used artificial intelligence -- one thing, Rwanda has great broadband -- but these things fly completely on their own. So we will help you do that. We will make the introductions. We will even provide financing. We will help you do that.

21:27

CA: How much capital is the World Bank willing to deploy to back those kinds of efforts?

21:31

JYK: Chris, you're always getting me to try to do something like this.

21:35

CA: I'm trying to get you in trouble. JYK: So here's what we're going to do. We have 25 billion a year that we're investing in poor countries, the poorest countries. And as we invest over the next three years, 25 billion a year, we have got to think with you about how to use that money more effectively. So I can't give you a specific number. It depends on the quality of the ideas. So bring us your ideas, and I don't think that financing is going to be the problem.

22:03

CA: All right, you heard it from the man himself.

22:05

Jim, thanks so much. JYK: Thank you. Thank you.

22:08

(Applause)

Source : https://www.ted.com/talks/jim_yong_kim_doesn_t_everyone_deserve_a_chance_at_a_good_life/transcript

---

< Questions >

Q1. Do you know who is Jim yong Kim ?

Q2. What do you want to do? What do you want to be?

Q3. Do you think internet use improve your life? Why or Why not?