역사 1982년 - 블랙 벅 공습작전 당시 아르헨티나는 벌컨 폭격기를 탐지했지만 아군 오사를 우려한 상층부의 명령으로 공격하지 못했음

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1982년 블랙 벅 공습작전 당시 포트 스탠리 접근중이었던 벌컨을 Sapper Hill의 GADA 601 3a 바테리아 스카이가드 레이더가 모니터링하고 있었으나 지휘부에 의해 교전이 거부됐고, 고도 1만 피트에서 최종접근중이던 벌컨을 탐지해 지휘부에 재차 교전을 요청했지만 아르헨티나군의 C-130이나 P-2일 수도 있다며 교전을 거부했다고 합니다. 

아르헨티나군이 망설이는 사이에 벌컨의 DASH-10 전자전 포드가 켜져 벌컨에서 4마일 거리 내의 아르헨티나 방공망을 무력화시켰다고 하네요. 

Sapper Hill과 Port Stanley의 위치 ( https://www.google.com/maps/place/%EC%83%88%ED%8D%BC+%ED%9E%90/@-51.6027756,-58.0410735,11.29z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0xbe81d3496846f105:0x9f6fa95b2414a518!8m2!3d-51.7079966!4d-57.9431634!16s%2Fm%2F03czqw1?entry=ttu ) 

Sapper Hill은 포트 스탠리와 근접한 고지라 포클랜드 전쟁 당시에 이를 탈환하기 위한 교전도 벌어졌었네요. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapper_Hill

GADA 601은 아르헨티나군의 601 대공포단( 601st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group, Grupo de Artillería Antiaérea 601)으로 포클랜드 전쟁의 주요 참전부대 중 하나라고 합니다. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GADA_601

스카이가드 레이더는 욀리콘 35mm 기관포와 함께 쓰이는 사격통제시스템이네요. 펄스 도플러 탐색레이더/추적레이더/동축 텔레비전 카메라로 구성돼 있고 운용요원은 4명이라고 합니다. 게파드 대공자주포에 달린 녀석과 비슷한 계열인 듯 하네요. 포클랜드 전쟁에서 시 해리어를 격추한 전적도 있고, 아군 오사로 미라지III와 A-4 스카이호크를 격추하기도 했군요.  AGM-45 슈라이크 미사일에 레이더가 격파되기도 했고.. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerlikon_GDF#Skyguard

https://theaviationgeekclub.com/target-port-stanley-the-compelling-story-of-black-buck-1-mission-the-first-raf-vulcan-raid-during-the-falklands-war/

• Aviation History
• Cold War Era
• Military Aviation

Target Port Stanley: the Compelling Story of Black Buck 1 Mission, the first RAF Vulcan Raid during the Falklands War

By Dario Leone

Jul 2 2023

Sponsored by: Osprey Publishing

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The idea was simple: to destroy the runway at Port Stanley, and prevent Argentinian fast jets using it against the Royal Navy task force.

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The RAF’s opening shots of the Falklands War were among the most remarkable airstrikes in history. The idea was simple: to destroy the runway at Port Stanley, and prevent Argentinian fast jets using it against the Royal Navy task force.

As told by Andrew D. Bird in his book Operation Black Buck 1982 The Vulcans’ extraordinary Falklands War raids, on the night of Apr. 30/May 1, 1982, Flight Lieutenant Martin Withers stepped into the lead on the outbound flight for Black Buck 1, and made the first combat flight in an Avro Vulcan B.2 bomber. Squadron Leader Bob Tuxford flying Victor (White 2) was tasked to refuel the Vulcan (Blue 2) and, after changing roles, continued south. Both Withers and Tuxford flew to the last fuel bracket. Tuxford refuelled the Vulcan which drained his own fuel reserves. Now alone, Withers flew on to the Falklands, making his approach at low level, dropping to 300ft before climbing to 1,000ft for the bomb run 40 miles from his main target – Port Stanley airport.

The approach was monitored by GADA 601 3a Batería Skyguard radar operators on Sapper Hill. Coordinates were keyed into the computer system and four Oerlikon 35mm cannons tracked the threat. Their fire mission against the aircraft was denied by their command centre.

To verify their position, Vulcan XM607 H2S Mk 9 radar eventually locked onto the peak of Mount Usborne, 33 miles west of Stanley, before the automated bombing control system was engaged. Withers made the final approach at 10,000ft, with an airspeed of 330 knots (610 km/h). GADA 601 3a Batería Skyguard radar operators still had XM607 on their screen. Notifying command centre for a second time, a fire mission was refused as it could be a friendly Hercules C-130 or P-2 Neptune. As Argentinian commanders dithered, the Vulcan’s DASH-10 pod was switched on. At 4 miles to the target aircrafts, ECM was blanking out all Argentinian air defence.

At 2 miles, at an angle of 35˚, the automated bomb release dropped 21 bombs at short intervals. Withers put the Vulcan into a 60-degree bank to the left, subjecting the crew to 2 g (20 m/s2), twice the force of gravity, as they made their escape. Travelling at 440mph, Vulcan XM607 was 3 miles away when the first bomb exploded. As concrete was ripped up on the runway, the remaining 20 bombs impacted near troops under canvas. Their wooden barricades proved useless against the shock waves and there were deaths. Outside Stanley harbour, waiting to enter, Río Carcarañá, carrying GADA 101’s Batería B equipment and transport, was hit by the shock waves and swung like a pendulum until its crew managed to stabilize it. A rapid move was made to San Carlos for off-loading.

Withers headed nearly due north to a planned rendezvous with a Victor off the Brazilian coast, adjacent to Rio de Janeiro. Rules of Engagement meant a live fire ban in a radius around the British Task Force as the RAF Vulcan XM607 was routed nearby. Its crew signalled the code word ‘superfuse’ indicating a successful attack at 0746Z which was picked up by HMS Hermes.

The illustration in this post shows Vulcan B.2, mid air in cloud cover, flying away from the target, with an explosion in the background.

Operation Black Buck 1982 The Vulcans’ extraordinary Falklands War raids is published by Osprey Publishing and is available to order here.

Photo credit: Adam Tooby via Osprey

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실제로 전쟁 첫 날 시해리어가 쏜 AIM-9L 파편 뒤집어 쓰고 포트 스탠리에 비상 착륙하려던 Mirage IIIEA가 아군 대공포에 맞아 격추되고 조종사가 사망했습니다.

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방공의 피아식별이나 공역통제 등도 간단하지 않은 문제인 듯 합니다. 그런 오인을 불러일으킨 이유가 있었을 텐데..

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관제탑에 내린다고 말하고 내리는 중에 달려 있던 공대공 미사일을 떼어 버렸는데 그게 활주로 주변의 대공포 사수들 눈에는 폭탄으로 보여 그냥 쏴버렸지요...

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아.. 전쟁중엔 진짜 별별 일들이 다 일어나네요.

예전에 올려주신 연재글에 해당 내용이 실려있었네요. ( https://cafe.daum.net/NTDS/5q4/78 )