The Twelve of Jesus 예수님의 열 두 제자

[백웅]

Christian Apostles of Jesus 예수의 기독교 사도

The Twelve 열두 제자

• Peter (aka Simon or Cephas) – son of John (or Jonah or Jona); from village of Bethsaida in Galilee; brother Andrew was also an apostle; originally a fisherman; thrice denied Jesus; leader of early Christian Church, Catholic Church considers him to be the first pope; crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar, tradition holds that he was crucified upside down per his request; Gospel of Mark traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter’s preaching and eyewitness account of the events
• 베드로(일명 시몬 또는 세바) - 요한(또는 요나)의 아들, 갈릴리 벳새다 마을 출신, 동생 안드레도 사도, 원래 어부, 예수님을 세 번 부인, 초기 기독교 교회의 지도자, 가톨릭 교회는 그를 초대 교황으로 간주, 로마에서 네로 아우구스투스 시저 황제의 요청으로 거꾸로 십자가 처형, 전통적으로 마가복음은 베드로의 설교의 영향과 사건의 목격 기록을 보여주는 것으로 여겨짐
• Andrew (Simon Peter’s brother) – born in village of Bethsaida on the Sea of Galilee, fisherman by trade, at the beginning of Jesus’ public life, he lived with him in the same house in Capernaum; was also a disciple of John the Baptist; said to have been martyred by crucifixion in Patras in Achaea; several relics of the Apostle Andrew are known to exist
• 안드레(시몬 베드로의 형제) - 갈릴리 바다 벳새다 마을에서 태어나 직업은 어부, 예수 공생애 초기에는 가버나움의 한 집에서 함께 살았으며 세례 요한의 제자, 아케아의 파트라에서 십자가에 못 박혀 순교한 것으로 알려짐, 사도 안드레의 유물이 여러 점 존재함.
• James, son of Zebedee – often identified as James the Greater, son of Zebedee and Salome, brother of John; probably came from a family with some wealth; was with John and their father when Jesus called them to follow; Herod Agrippa had James executed by sword and is the only apostle whose martyrdom is recorded in the New Testament
• 세베대의 아들 야고보 - 흔히 세베대와 요한의 형제 살로메의 아들인 큰 야고보로 알려져 있으며, 어느 정도 부유한 집안 출신으로 추정되며, 예수께서 그들을 따르라고 부르실 때 요한과 그들의 아버지와 함께 있었음; 헤롯 아그리파가 야고보를 칼로 처형했으며 신약 성경에 순교가 기록되어 있는 유일한 사도임
• John, son of Zebedee – son of Zebedee and Salome, brother of James; tradition holds that he outlived the other apostles and that he was the only one not to die a martyr’s death; tradition is that he authored several books of the New Testament (Gospel of John, the three Epistles of John, Book of Revelation) but true authorship is uncertain
• 세베대의 아들 요한 - 세베대와 살로메의 아들, 야고보의 형제; 전통에 따르면 그는 다른 사도들보다 오래 살았고 유일하게 순교자의 죽음을 당하지 않았다고 하며, 신약 성경의 여러 책(요한복음, 요한 3서, 요한 계시록)을 저술했다는 것이 전통이지만 실제 저자는 확실하지 않다.
• Philip – Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia, possibly setting out on his own to spread the word; hailed from the city of Bethsaida which may connect him to Andrew and Peter who were from the same town; was one of the men around John the Baptist when John pointed Jesus out as the savior; legend proclaims he was tortured and executed in Hierapolis (a tomb thought to be his was discovered in Hierapolis in 2011)
• 빌립 - 기독교 전통에 따르면 빌립은 그리스, 시리아, 프리기아에서 말씀을 전한 사도로서 혼자서 말씀을 전하기 위해 떠났을 가능성이 있으며, 벳새다 출신으로 같은 마을 출신인 안드레와 베드로와 관련이 있을 수 있고, 세례 요한이 예수님을 구세주로 지목했을 때 주변 인물 중 한 명이었고, 히에라폴리스에서 고문을 받고 처형되었다는 전설이 있습니다(2011년에 그의 것으로 보이는 무덤이 히에라폴리스에서 발견됨).
• Bartholomew – introduced to Jesus by Philip, mentioned several times in the company of Philip so they may have been good friends; possibly also identified as Nathanial; legend says he went on a missionary tour to India, Ethiopia, Mesopotamia, Parthia, and Lycaonia; legend holds he was martyred in Albanopolis in Armenia, either beheaded or flayed alive and crucified
• 바돌로매 - 빌립에 의해 예수님을 소개받았고, 빌립과 함께 여러 번 언급되어 좋은 친구였을 가능성이 있으며, 나단이라고도 불림; 전설에 따르면 그는 인도, 에티오피아, 메소포타미아, 파르티아, 리카오니아로 선교 여행을 떠났으며 아르메니아의 알바노폴리스에서 참수되거나 산 채로 십자가에 못 박혀 순교했다는 전설이 있습니다.
• Thomas also known as “Doubting Thomas” – tradition holds he travelled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, traveling as far as India; called “Doubting Thomas” when after Jesus had risen, he said, “Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails and put my finger into the print, I will not believe.”, after which Jesus invited Thomas to touch his wounds; full name may have been Judas Thomas; tradition holds Thomas was killed in 72 AD at Mylapore near Chennai in India possibly by spears or arrows
• “의심하는 도마"라고도 불리는 도마 - 전통에 따르면 그는 복음을 전하기 위해 로마 제국 밖을 여행했고, 인도까지 여행했으며, 예수께서 부활하신 후 ‘내가 그의 손의 못 자국을 보고 내 손가락을 그 자국 속에 넣지 아니하면 믿지 아니하겠나이다.’라고 말한 후 예수께서 도마를 초대하여 자신의 상처를 만지게 하셨을 때, 도마는 ‘의심하는 도마’, 정식 이름은 유다 도마일 수도 있으며 전통에 따르면 서기 72년 인도 첸나이 근처 밀라포에서 창이나 화살로 살해되었다는 기록이 남아 있다.
• Matthew – mentioned as a tax collector (possibly for Herod Antipas); also called Levi, son of Alpheus, believed to be the author of the Gospel of Matthew (as a tax collector, he would likely have been literate and well-versed in several languages)
• 마태 - 세리(아마도 헤롯 안티파스)로 언급됨; 마태복음의 저자로 추정되는 알페오의 아들 레위라고도 함(세리로서 그는 글을 읽고 여러 언어에 능통했을 가능성이 높음).
• James, son of Alphaeus – often identified as James the Less (probably due to short stature or younger age), may have been a brother of Matthew, possibly the author of the Gospel of Mark and/or the mysterious “Q” source
• 알패오의 아들 야고보 - 종종 키가 작거나 나이가 어려서 작은 야고보로 알려진 그는 마태복음의 저자 또는 신비한 “Q”의 출처인 마태의 형제였을 가능성이 있습니다.

• 1.The Q source (also called The Sayings Gospel, Q Gospel, Q document(s), or Q; from German: Quelle, meaning "source") is an alleged written collection of primarily Jesus' sayings (λόγια, logia). Q is part of the common material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke but not in the Gospel of Mark. According to this hypothesis, this material was drawn from the early Church's oral gospel traditions.
• 1. Q 소스(독일어에서 유래한 말의 복음, Q 복음서, Q 문서 또는 Q라고도 합니다: “출처/출전/원전/자료"를 의미하는 Quelle)는 주로 예수의 말(λόγια, 로지아)을 모아 놓은 것으로 추정되는 문서입니다. Q는 마태복음과 누가복음에는 있지만 마가복음에는 없는 공통된 자료의 일부입니다. 이 가설에 따르면 이 자료는 초대 교회의 구전 복음서 전통에서 가져온 것입니다.
• 2. In biblical studies, the "Q source" is a hypothetical written collection of sayings of Jesus. It is believed to have been used as a source for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.
• 2. 성서 연구에서 'Q 소스'는 예수의 말씀을 가상의 문서로 정리한 것입니다. 마태복음과 누가복음의 자료로 사용된 것으로 알려져 있습니다.

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• What is the Q gospel?     Q복음이란 무엇인가요?
  답변  The gospel of “Q” gets its title from the German word quelle which means “source.” The whole idea of a Q gospel is based on the concept that the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are so similar that they must have copied from each other and/or another source. This other source has been given the name "Q." The predominant argument for the existence of a Q gospel is essentially this: (1) The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke were written after A.D. 70 and therefore could not have been written by the Apostle Matthew, John Mark, or Luke the doctor. (2) Since the authors of the Gospels were not firsthand witnesses, they must have used other sources. (3) Since Mark is the shortest Gospel and has the least original material, Mark was written first and Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source. (4) Since there are many similarities in Matthew and Luke which do not occur in Mark, Matthew and Luke must have had another source. (5) This source, Q, was likely a collection of sayings of Jesus, similar to the gospel to Thomas.
  “Q” 복음서의 제목은 ‘출처’를 뜻하는 독일어 quelle에서 따왔습니다. Q 복음서의 전체 개념은 공관복음서(마태, 마가, 누가)가 너무 비슷해서 서로 또는 다른 출처(원전/출전/자료)에서 복사(인용/원용)한 것이 틀림없다는 개념에 기초하고 있습니다. 이 다른 출처에는 “Q”라는 이름이 붙여졌습니다. Q 복음서의 존재에 대한 주된 주장은 다음과 같습니다: (1) 마태복음, 마가복음, 누가복음은 서기 70년 이후에 기록되었으므로 사도 마태, 요한 마가, 의사 누가가 기록했을 수 없습니다. (2) 복음서의 저자들은 직접 목격자가 아니었기 때문에 다른 자료를 사용했을 것입니다. (3) 마가복음은 가장 짧은 복음서이고 원본 자료가 가장 적기 때문에 마가가 먼저 기록되었고 마태와 누가는 마가복음을 자료로 사용했습니다. (4) 마태복음과 누가복음에는 마가복음에는 없는 유사점이 많기 때문에 마태와 누가는 다른 출처를 가지고 있었을 것입니다. (5) 이 자료인 Q는 도마복음과 유사한 예수의 말씀을 모은 것일 가능성이 높습니다.
  Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
  When considering the possibility of a Q gospel, it is important to remember that no evidence whatsoever has ever been found for the existence of a Q gospel. Not even a single manuscript fragment of Q has ever been found. None of the early church fathers mentioned anything that could have been the Q gospel. Second, there is strong evidence that the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke were written between A.D. 50 and 65, not after A.D. 70. Many of the early church fathers attributed the Gospels to the Apostle Matthew, John Mark, and Luke the doctor. Third, since the Gospels were written by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, they were written by actual eyewitnesses of Jesus and/or close companions of eyewitnesses of Jesus. Therefore, it is natural that we should expect many similarities. If the Gospels record actual words spoken by Jesus, we should expect the eyewitnesses to report Jesus saying the same things.
  Q복음서의 존재 가능성을 고려할 때, Q복음서의 존재에 대한 증거가 발견된 적이 없다는 점을 기억하는 것이 중요합니다. Q의 사본 조각은 단 한 장도 발견된 적이 없습니다. 초대 교회 교부들 중 누구도 Q 복음서일 수 있는 어떤 것도 언급하지 않았습니다. 둘째, 마태복음, 마가복음, 누가복음은 서기 70년 이후가 아니라 서기 50년에서 65년 사이에 쓰여졌다는 강력한 증거가 있습니다. 많은 초대교회 교부들은 복음서의 저자를 사도 마태, 요한 마가, 의사 누가로 지목했습니다. 셋째, 복음서는 마태, 마가, 누가가 썼기 때문에 예수를 실제로 목격했거나 예수 목격자의 가까운 동료들에 의해 기록되었습니다. 따라서 많은 유사점을 기대하는 것은 당연합니다. 복음서에 예수님이 실제로 하신 말씀이 기록되어 있다면, 목격자들이 예수님이 같은 말씀을 하셨다고 보고할 것으로 예상해야 합니다.
  Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
  Finally, there is nothing wrong with the idea of the Gospel writers using the other Gospels as sources. Luke states in Luke chapter 1 that he used sources. It is possible that Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source. It is possible that there was another source in addition to Mark. The possible use of a "Q" source is not the reason why the Q gospel concept should be rejected. The use of a source which contained the sayings of Jesus does not take away from the inspiration of Scripture. The reason the Q gospel should be rejected is the presupposition of most Q gospel advocates - namely, that the Gospels are not divinely inspired.
  마지막으로, 복음서 기자들이 다른 복음서를 자료로 사용했다는 생각에는 아무런 문제가 없습니다. 누가는 누가복음 1장에서 자신이 출처를 사용했다고 밝히고 있습니다. 마태와 누가가 마가복음을 자료로 사용했을 가능성이 있습니다. 마가복음 외에 다른 출처가 있었을 가능성도 있습니다. “Q” 출처를 사용했을 가능성이 있다고 해서 Q 복음서 개념을 거부해야 하는 이유는 아닙니다. 예수님의 말씀이 담긴 출처를 사용했다고 해서 성경의 영감이 사라지는 것은 아닙니다. Q 복음이 거부되어야 하는 이유는 대부분의 Q 복음 옹호자들의 전제, 즉 복음서가 신적 영감을 받지 않았다는 전제 때문입니다.
  The vast majority of those who promote the Q gospel concept do not believe the Bible is inspired (God-breathed). The vast majority of proponents of Q do not believe that the Gospels were written by the Apostles and their close associates, or that the Gospels were written within the generation of the Apostles. They do not believe it is possible that two or three authors could use the exact same words without using each others' writings as sources. Crucially, most Q advocates reject the inspiration of the Holy Spirit helping the Gospel writers to accurately record the words and works of Jesus Christ. Again, the use of a "Q" source is not the problem. The problem is the reason why most Q gospel advocates believe a "Q" was used, namely a denial of the inspiration of Scripture (Matthew 5:18; 24:35; John 10:35; 16:12,13; 17:17; 1 Corinthians 2:13; 2 Timothy 3:15–17; Hebrews 4:12; 2 Peter 1:20,21).
• Q 복음 개념을 지지하는 대다수의 사람들은 성경이 영감(하나님의 숨결)을 받았다고 믿지 않습니다. Q를 지지하는 대다수의 사람들은 복음서가 사도들과 그들의 가까운 동료들에 의해 쓰여졌다거나 사도들의 세대에 복음서가 쓰여졌다고 믿지 않습니다. 그들은 두세 명의 저자가 서로의 글을 출처로 사용하지 않고 정확히 같은 단어를 사용할 수 있다고 믿지 않습니다. 결정적으로, 대부분의 Q 옹호자들은 복음서 기자들이 예수 그리스도의 말씀과 사역을 정확하게 기록하도록 도와주신 성령의 영감을 거부합니다. 다시 말하지만, “Q” 출처를 사용하는 것이 문제가 아닙니다. 문제는 대부분의 Q 복음 지지자들이 “Q”가 사용되었다고 믿는 이유, 즉 성경의 영감(마 5:18; 24:35; 요 10:35; 16:12,13; 17:17; 고린도전서 2:13; 딤후 3:15-17; 히브리서 4:12; 벧후 1:20,21)을 부정하는 것입니다.
  Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
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• Judas, son of James (aka Thaddeus or Lebbaeus) – not to be confused with Judas the traitor (they are clearly distinguished in the Bible), may have been related to James; some lists of apostles omitted Jude but included “Thaddeus” hinting that possibly his nickname was Thaddeus or that the name “Judas” had been tainted by Judas Iscariot (the traitor); opinion is divided whether Jude the apostle is the same as Jude, the brother of Jesus; tradition holds that he preached the Gospel in Judea, Samaria, Idumaea, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Libya; legend says he was born into a Jewish family in Paneas, a town in Galilee; likely spoke Greek and Aramaic and was a farmer by trade; tradition holds he suffered martyrdom in 65 AD in Beirut, in the Roman province of Syria, together with the apostle Simon, possibly died by axe, body brought to Rome and placed in a crypt in St. Peter’s Basilica
• 야고보의 아들 유다(일명 다대오 또는 레배오) - 배신자 유다와 혼동하지 말 것(성경에서는 분명히 구분됨), 야고보와 관련이 있을 수 있음; 일부 사도 목록에는 유다가 생략된 대신 '다대오'가 포함되어 있어 그의 별명이 다대오였거나 '유다'라는 이름이 가리옷 유다(배신자)에 의해 오염된 것임을 암시; 사도 유다가 예수님의 형제 유다와 동일한지 의견이 분분합니다; 전통에 따르면 그는 유대, 사마리아, 이두매아, 시리아, 메소포타미아, 리비아에서 복음을 전했으며, 갈릴리의 한 마을인 파네아스의 유대인 가정에서 태어났다는 전설이 있으며, 그리스어와 아람어를 구사하고 농사를 지었을 가능성이 있으며, 전통에 따르면 그는 사도 시몬과 함께 시리아의 로마 지방 베이루트에서 AD 65년에 순교를 당했으며 도끼로 죽었고 시신을 로마로 가져와 성 베드로의 지하 묘에 묻었을 가능성이 있다고 합니다. 성 베드로 대성당
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• Simon the Zealot – one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus; likely not Simon, the brother of JesusJudas Iscariot (the traitor) – son of Simon Iscariot, notorious for the kiss and betrayal of Jesus to the Pontius Pilate for thirty silver coins; tradition holds that he hanged himself following his betrayal, his place later filled by Matthias
• 열심당원 시몬 - 예수의 사도들 중 가장 모호한 인물 중 하나, 예수의 형제인 시몬이 아닐 가능성이 높음 가룟 유다(배신자) - 본디오 빌라도에게 은화 30냥을 받고 예수를 키스하고 배신한 것으로 악명 높은 가룟 시몬의 아들, 전통에 따르면 그는 배신 후 목을 매었고 나중에 마티아스가 그의 자리를 채웠다고 전해집니다.

Others

• Matthias – chosen by the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas Iscariot following Judas’ betrayal of Jesus and suicide; tradition holds that he planted the faith along the coasts of the Caspian sea; possibly stoned to death
• 기타
  마티아스 - 유다가 예수를 배신하고 자살한 후 나머지 11명의 사도들이 가룟 유다를 대신해 선택했으며, 카스피해 연안을 따라 신앙을 심었다는 전통이 있으며, 돌에 맞아 죽었을 가능성이 있습니다.
• Paul (Saul) – missionary, theologian, and writer of the early church; wrote 13 epistles that comprise almost 1/4 of the New Testament; born in Jewish family in Tarsus of Cilicia probably around 10 AD; from the tribe of Benjamin; probably came from a family of tentmakers or leatherworkers who were moderately wealthy; born a Roman citizen which gave him important legal rights that aided his missionary labors, probably carried a wax tablet that acted as a birth certificate proving his citizenship; grew up in Jerusalem; recognized the threat that followers of Jesus posed to traditional Jewish religion (as was later evidenced by authorization to imprison believers in Christ); initially rejected Jesus as the Messiah; became a believer while travelling to Damascus to arrest and imprison believers – Jesus appeared with “blinding radiance” and commented on Saul’s resistance to believing – Saul’s blindness was healed and he became a believer too; was known to have spent time with the disciples; became “wanted” by the Jews and evaded capture for some time; first missionary journey occurred sometime around 47-48 AD; arrested in Jerusalem in 57 AD; described by historians as small in stature, balding, and “full of friendliness”
• 바울(사울) - 초대 교회의 선교사, 신학자, 작가, 신약성경의 거의 1/4에 해당하는 13개의 서신을 저술, 서기 10년경 실리시아의 다소의 유대인 가정에서 태어남, 베냐민 지파 출신, 어느 정도 부유한 천막 제작자나 가죽공예가 집안 출신일 가능성이 높음; 로마 시민으로 태어나 선교 활동을 돕는 중요한 법적 권리를 가졌으며, 시민권을 증명하는 출생 증명서 역할을 하는 밀랍 석판을 가지고 다녔을 것임; 예루살렘에서 자랐으며, 예수를 따르는 사람들이 전통적인 유대 종교에 가하는 위협을 인식함(나중에 그리스도를 믿는 사람들을 감옥에 가두는 권한을 부여한 것에서 알 수 있듯이); 처음에는 예수를 메시아로 받아들이지 않았고, 신자들을 체포하고 투옥하기 위해 다메섹으로 여행하는 동안 신자가 됨 - 예수는 “눈부신 광채”로 나타나 사울의 믿음에 대한 저항을 언급하며 사울의 눈이 고쳐지고 자신도 신자가 됨. - 사울은 예수를 믿지 않으려는 사울에게 “눈부신 광채”를 보냄; 제자들과 함께 시간을 보낸 것으로 알려짐; 유대인들에게 “수배자”가 되어 한동안 체포를 피함; 첫 선교 여행은 서기 47-48년경에 이루어짐; 57년 예루살렘에서 체포됨; 역사가들은 키가 작고 대머리이며 “친절함이 가득”한 인물로 묘사함.
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• Barnabas – Levite and native to Cyprus; birth name Joseph (or Joses); sold his property and gave the proceeds to the Jerusalem church; cousin of “Mark”
• 바나바 - 레위인이자 키프로스 출신, 본명 요셉(또는 요세프), 재산을 팔아 예루살렘 교회에 기부, “마가”의 사촌, “마가”의 사촌동생
• James, the Lord’s Brother – precise meaning of “the Lord’s brother” is debated, possibly brother, stepbrother, cousin, or close friend; not a believer until after Jesus’ resurrection; in time he assumed leadership of the Jerusalem church (originally held by Peter); death ordered by high priest Ananus and was either by stoning or being cast down from the temple tower
• 주님의 형제 야고보 - “주님의 형제”의 정확한 의미는 논쟁의 여지가 있으며, 아마도 형제, 이복형제, 사촌 또는 친한 친구; 예수 부활 이후까지 신자가 아니었다; 시간이 지나 예루살렘 교회의 지도자 (원래 베드로가 맡음); 대제사장 아나누스의 명령을 받아 돌로 치거나 성전 탑에서 쫓겨 났으며 죽음을 맞이했습니다.
• Jude, the Lord’s Brother – identified as one of the “brothers of the Lord” in Matthew, Mark, Acts, and Corinthians; also called Judas (not to be confused with Judas the apostle); not a believer until after Jesus’ resurrection
• 주님의 형제 유다 - 마태, 마가, 사도행전, 고린도전서에서 “주님의 형제” 중 한 명으로 식별되며, 유다(사도 유다와 혼동하지 말 것)라고도 하며, 예수 부활 이후까지 신자가 아니었음.

New Testament Priests

• Caiaphas, high priest – Joseph Caiaphas; high priest at the time of the trial and crucifixion of Jesus (during Pilate’s administration), leader in the plot to arrest and execute Jesus, had no power to inflict punishment of death so sent Jesus to Pilate, the Roman governor, so that he could pronounce the sentence against him; son-in-law of Annas; served as high priest from about 18 – 37 AD; attested in writings of Josephus; remains recovered in a ossuary discovered in Jerusalem; was of the sect of Sadducees
• 신약의 사제
  가야바, 대제사장 - 요셉 가야바; 예수 재판과 십자가 처형 당시(빌라도 통치 기간) 대제사장으로 예수를 체포하고 처형하려는 음모를 주도했으나 사형에 처할 권한이 없어 로마 총독 빌라도에게 예수에 대한 형을 선고할 수 있도록 예수님을 보냈습니다; 안나스의 사위, 서기 18~37년경 대제사장으로 재직, 요세푸스의 저술에서 증명, 예루살렘에서 발견된 납골당에서 발견된 유해, 사두개파의 종파 출신
• Annas, first high priest of Roman Judea – son of Seth, high priest at the time John the Baptist began his preaching; served as high priest from 6 – 16 AD by Quirinius, governor of Syria; when Jesus was arrested, he was taken before Annas who, although not high priest at the time, still held considerable influence
• 안나스, 로마 유대 최초의 대제사장 - 세례 요한이 설교를 시작할 당시 대제사장이었던 셋의 아들, 시리아 총독 퀴리니우스가 주후 6~16년 대제사장 역임, 예수님이 체포되었을 때 당시 대제사장은 아니었지만 여전히 상당한 영향력을 가지고 있던 안나스 앞에 끌려갔음.
• Zechariah, father of John the Baptist – priest in Jerusalem and father of John the Baptist; at an elderly age, angel Gabriel appeared and announced that he and his wife (Elizabeth) would give birth to a child
• 세례 요한의 아버지 스가랴-예루살렘의 제사장이자 세례 요한의 아버지; 노년에 천사 가브리엘이 나타나 그와 그의 아내 (엘리자베스)가 아이를 낳을 것이라고 발표했습니다.

New Testament Prophets

• Agabus – “prophet” in the early church; possibly one of the 70 disciples of Christ; prophesied at Antioch of the approaching famine (during the reign of Claudius)
• Claudius was Roman emperor from AD 41 to 54. Son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor, he was afflicted with a limp and deafness causing his family to ostracize him until he was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard after Caligula’s assassination. Many authors contend that he was murdered by his own wife, Agrippina the Younger. After his death at the age of 63, Nero, his grand-nephew and legally adopted step-son, succeeded him as emperor.
• Agrippina the Younger : Julia Agrippina (6 November AD 15 – 23 March AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina the Younger, was Roman empress from AD 49 to 54, the fourth wife and niece of emperor Claudius, and the mother of Nero.  아그리피나 더 영 : 아그리피나 더 영이라고도 불리는 줄리아 아그리피나(AD 15년 11월 6일 - AD 59년 3월 23일)는 AD 49년부터 54년까지 로마의 황후로, 클라우디우스 황제의 네 번째 아내이자 조카이며 네로의 어머니였어요.

Claudius, confirmed by historians); met with Paul at Caesarea and warned him of the bonds that awaited him in Jerusalem

아가부스 - 초대 교회의 “선지자”, 아마도 그리스도의 70명 제자 중 한 명으로, 안디옥에서 다가오는 기근에 대해 예언했습니다(클라우디우스 통치 기간 중). 
클라우디우스는 서기 41년부터 54년까지 로마 황제였습니다. 네로 클라우디우스 드루수스와 안토니아 마이너의 아들인 그는 절름발이와 귀머거리로 인해 가족들로부터 배척을 받았으며, 칼리굴라 암살 후 근위대에 의해 황제로 즉위할 때까지 황제의 자리에 머물렀습니다. 많은 학자들은 그가 아내 아그리피나 더 영에 의해 살해당했다고 주장합니다. 그가 63세의 나이로 사망한 후 그의 조카이자 법적으로 입양된 의붓아들인 네로가 황제의 자리를 이어받았습니다.
역사가들에 의해 확인된 클라우디우스); 가이사랴에서 바울을 만나 예루살렘에서 그를 기다리는 유대에 대해 경고했습니다.
Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

• Anna – daughter of Phanuel from the tribe of Asher, a “prophetess” who met the infant Jesus and his parents in the temple and recognized him as the Messiah
• Simeon – prophet and teacher in the church at Antioch; also aged saint who visited the temple when Jesus was presented and uttered lofty words of thanksgiving and prophecy
• John the Baptist – of priestly descent, son of Zacharias and Elizabeth (daughter or Aaron); birth took place about six months before Jesus’; denounced Sadducees and Pharisees as a generation of vipers; baptized Jesus; was cast into prison by Herod and beheaded

Other New Testament believers

• Apollos – eloquent, educated man well versed in the scriptures; was taught Christian doctrine by Priscilla and Aquila; respected friend of Paul; wrote First Epistle to the Corinthians
• Aquila – married to Priscilla; came from Italy to Corinth after Claudius ordered Jews expelled from Rome; became Christians and assisted Paul in his ministry; tentmakers by trade (as was Paul); instructed Apollos in the Christian faith
• Dionysius the Areopagite – one of Paul’s converts at Athens; member of the Areopagus, an elite and influential group of officials
• Epaphras – fellow prisoner of Paul; Christian preacher; native of Colossae; apparently held in high regard by Paul
• Joseph of Arimathea – rich member of the 

There were two classes of Jewish courts called Sanhedrin, the Great Sanhedrin and the Lesser Sanhedrin. A lesser Sanhedrin of 23 judges was appointed to each city, but there was to be only one Great Sanhedrin of 71 judges, which among other roles acted as the Supreme Court, taking appeals from cases decided by lesser courts. In the Second Temple period, the Great Sanhedrin met every day in the Temple in Jerusalem, in a building called the Hall of Hewn Stones.