해부학용어 스터디

<A name="[문서의 처음]"></A> 해부학 스터디 <용어> PART 1 ▶    median = mid sagittal    medial (상대적으로 median에 가까운 쪽)             sagittal plane (수직 앞뒤)    lateral (상대적으로 median에 먼 쪽)                 frontal plane (수직 좌우)    anterior = ventral                                  horizontal plane (수평)    posterior = dorsal    superior (위에서 보기)    inferior (아래서 보기) PART 2 ▶   1.관절한다 articulation : 접하고 있다    2.구성 formation : 어떤 부분으로 이루어져 있는가...       i) squama : 평평한 면 鱗(비늘 린)          c.f)squamous : 평면의...       ii) part : 울퉁불퉁한 구조물       iii) border : 경계(모서리)       iv) angle : 각       v) surface : 평면            ※squama > surface               squama : 상위개념, 입체적, 3차원공간               surface : 하위개념, 평면적, 2차원공간    3.하나의 굽은 면을...  convex = external surface : 볼록                         concave = internal surface : 오목 PART 3 ▶ 구조물과 관련된 용어     1.튀어나온 부분        ① eminence : 아주 작게(좁쌀보다 작은 크기)        ② papilla : 혓바닥의 돌기        ③ spine : 가시모양        ④ tubercle        ⑤ tuberosity        ⑥ condyle        ⑦ epicondyle        ⑧ trochanter        ⑨ process : 매우 확장된 개념 (튀어나온 부분)     2.파인 부분        ① notch        ② groove = sulcus : 긴도랑        ③ fossa : 살짝 들어감        ④ impression : 살짝 들어감          ※ suture : 봉합 (두개의 뼈가 만나는 부위에 깊게 파인 부분     3.구멍        ① foramen : 작다        ② canal : 깊다        ③ canaliculus : 아주 가는 구멍(細管)     4.빈공간 sinus     5.기타        ① fissure : 두개 이상의 뼈가 만나면서 이루는 틈        ② line : 산 능선처럼 튀어나와 길게 이어진 것        ③ crest <구조> PART 1 ▶ 뼈 전체     1.axial skeleton        skull - cranium             - facial bone        vertebral column(척주)        sternum(흉골) & rib(늑골)     2.appendicular skeleton        upper limb - shoulder girdle(쇄골)                   - free bone        lower limb - pelvic girdle(골반뼈)                   - free bone PART 2 ▶ skull   Cranial bones : Frontal bone(1)                  Occipital bone(1)                  Sphenoid bone(1)                  Ethmoid bone(1)                  Parietal bone(2)                  Temporal bone(2)                         6종 8개   Facial bones : Lacrimal bone(2)                 Nasal bone(2)                 Vomer(1)                 Zygomatic bone(2)                 Inferior nasal concha(2)                 Maxilla(2)                 Palatine bone(2)                 Mandible(1)                 Hyoid bone(1)                                 9종 15개 Frontal bone : ①이마를 이루고 orbit, nasal cavity의 상벽을 구성하는 벽                ②articulation(7) : parietal bone, nasal bone, lacrimal bone,                                  zygomatic bone, maxilla, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone 1.Frontal squama    ①external surface - parietal margin                        frontal eminence                        superciliary arch                        glabella                        supraorbital margin                        supraorbital foramen                        frontal notch                        temporal surface                        temporal line                        zygomatic process    ②internal surface - groove for sup. sagittal sinus                        foramen cecum : emissary vein 통과                        impression of cerebral convolutions 2.Nasal part    ①nasal cavity 구성    ②nasal bone, ethmoid bone의 perpendicular plate와 nasal septum 구성 3.Orbital part    ①supraorbital margin 후방의 orbital plate    ②orbit의 윗벽, anterior cranial fossa의 바닥    ③뒤 : sphenoid bone - lesser wing과 관절 ⇒ sphenofrontal suture      외측 : greater wing과 관절    ④ethmoidal notch : orbital surface를 양분                       ethmoid bone의 cribriform plate와 관절      fossa for lacrimal gland Parietal bone : cranium의 roof와 side를 형성 ①art. : post f ②margin : sos f      squamous margin ⊕temporal bone - squamous part ⇒ squamous suture                                        - mastoid part ⇒ parietomastoid suture                        ⊕sphenoid bone ⇒ sphenoparietal suture      occipital margin      sagittal margin      frontal margin ⊕frontal bone의 parietal border ⇒ coronal suture ③angle : mos f      mastoid angle : asterion      occipital angle : lambda      sphenoidal angle : pterion      frontal angle : bregma       1.External surface(convex, smooth)    superior temporal line    inferior temporal line    parietal eminence    parietal foramen : parietal emissary vein                      meningeal branch of occipital artery 2.Internal surface(concave, rough)    sulcus for superior sagittal sinus    sulcus for sigmoid sinus → mastoid angle 근처의 sulcus                               occipital bone의 sulcus for transverse sinus와 연결    sulcus for middle meningeal artery    granular fovea 3.Parietal bone의 좌우 구별법    위쪽에 sulcus for superior sagittal sinus, 전하각에 sulcus for middle meningeal artery,    후하각에 sulcus for sigmoid sinus가 위치하도록 한 후 convex 부분이 오른쪽이면 오른    쪽 parietal bone이다. 4.fontanelle의 종류 및 명칭     ▶신생아에서 아직 골화되지 않은 부분     anterior fontanelle : 생후 18개월경에 막혀 bregma 형성     posterior fontanelle : 생후 2~3개월경 lambda 형성     sphenoidal fontanelle : 생후 2개월경 pterion 형성     mastoid fontanelle : 생후 12개월경 asterion 형성 Sphenoid bone art.(9) : occipital bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone, ethmoid bone, frontal bone,        vomer, palatine bone, maxilla, parietal bone 1.body superior surface : sella turcica - hypophyseal fossa                                 tuberculum sellae                                 post. clinoid process                                 dorsum sellae inferior surface : sphenoidal rostrum(vomer과 관절)                  vaginal process lateral surface : carotid sulcus                 lingula of sphenoid bone anterior surface : opening of sphenoid sinus                  sphenoidal concha : nasal cavity의 posterior wall 형성                  sphenoidal crest : ethmoid bone의 perpendicular plate와 관절                  sphenoidal rostrum posterior surface : sphenooccipital syndrochondrosis 2.greater wing surface(5)  cerebral surface - foramen rotundum                              foramen ovale                              foramen spinosum            orbital surface            maxillary surface            temporal surface            infratemporal surface border(5) : frontal, parietal, zygomatic, squamous, petrosal 3.lesser wing optic canal : optic n. 교차 ant. clinoid process 4.pterygoid process 5.sup. orbital fissure   ▶opthalmic nerve, vein, artery, trochlear nerve, abducent nerve, oculomotor nerve 6.inf. orbital fissure : maxilla의 orbital plate와 sphenoid bone의 greater wing 사이   ▶infraorbital artery, vein occipital bone : cranium의 base, back art.(4) : parietal bone(2), atlas, sphenoid bone, temporal bone 1.basilar part spheno-occipital syndrochondrosis groove for inf. petrosal sinus pharyngeal tubercle clivus 2.lateral part intrajugular process jugular process         notch : temporal bone의 jugular fossa와 jugular foramen 형성         tubercle sulcus for sigmoid sinus occipital condyle condylar fossa condylar canal hypoglossal canal 3.occipital squama sulcus for transverse sinus internal occipital protuberance internal occipital crest cruciform eminence mastoid margin lambdoidal margin external occipital crest external occipital protuberance sup. nuchal line inf. nuchal line 4.foramen magnum   ▶spinal cord, spinal root of accessory n. , vertebral a. , venous plexus, ant. spinal a. temporal bone art.(5) : parietal bone, mandible, occipital bone, zygomatic bone, sphenoid bone 1.squamous part sulcus for middle temporal artery supramastoid crset zygomatic process mandibular fossa : 앞부분은 mandible의 condylar process와 관절 ⇒ TM joint 형성 articular tubercle temporal surface 2.tympanic part external acoustic meatus tympanomastoid fissure 3.petrosal part internal acoustic meatus : facial nerve, intermedius nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve styloid process jugular fossa carotid canal 4.mastoid part mastoid process mastoid foramen 5.canaliculus of temporal bone(8) carotid canal facial canal mastoid canaliculus tympanic chordae canaliculus tympanic canaliculus caroticotympanic canaliculus cochlear canaliculus aqueductus vestibuli ethmoid bone art.(8) : sphenoid bone, palatine bone, lacrimal bone, nasal bone, frontal bone, maxilla,         inf. nasal concha, vomer 1.cribriform plate   ▶crista galli, wing of crista galli, ethmoidal foramina 2.perpendicular plate 3.ethmoidal labyrinth : ethmoidal air cell로 구성 lateral part : orbital plate                 border : ant. - lacrimal bone                         post. - sphenoid bone                         sup. - frontal bone                         inf. - maxilla, palatine bone              uncinate process : inferior nasal concha와 관절                                 ⇒maxillary sinus의 medial wall의 일부 형성 medial wall : superior nasal concha, middle nasal concha 사이의 공간               ⇒superior nasal meatus, inferior nasal meatus 형성 maxilla : oral cavity의 roof, nasal cavity의 floor, lateral wall, orbit의 floor art.(10) : ethmoid bone, frontal bone, sphenoid bone, inferior nasal concha, nasal bone,          vomer, palatine bone, maxilla, lacrimal bone, zygomatic bone 1.body facial surface : infraorbital foramen - infraorbital nerve, artery, vein이 지남 infratemporal surface orbital surface : infraorbital sulcus nasal surface 2.frontal process 3.zygomatic process 4.palatine process 5.alveolar process zygomatic bone art.(4) : maxilla, temporal bone, frontal bone, sphenoid bone 1.surface(3) : lateral surface              temporal surface              orbital surface 2.process(3) : temporal process              frontal process              maxillary process Palatine bone : nasal cavity 뒤쪽에 maxilla와 sphenoid bone사이의 L자 모양의 뼈 art.(6) : vomer, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, maxilla, inferior nasal concha ,         반대 palatine bone 1. horizontal plate surface(2) : nasal surface, palatine surface border(4) :  anterior, posterior, medial, lateral *greater palatine foramen  anterior palatine nerve                           greater palatine artery and vein 2. perpendicular plate surface(2) : nasal surface, maxillary surface border(4) : anterior, posterior, medeal, lateral 3.process(4) : sphenoid process, pyramidal process, maxillary process, orbital process lacrimal bone art.(4) : ethmoid bone, maxilla(2), frontal bone, inferior nasal concha surface(2) : lateral, medial border(4) : superior, inferior, anterior, posterior inferior nasal concha nasal cavity의  lateral wall art.(4) : palatine bone, maxilla, ethmoid bone, lacrimal bone surface(2) : lateral, medial border(2) : superior, inferior process(3) : maxilla process, lacrimal process, ethmoidal process nasal bone face의  middle, upper part art.(4) : frontal bone, maxilla, ethmoid bone, 다른 nasal bone surface(2) : anterior, posterior border(4) : superior, inferior, medeal, lateral hyoid bone tongue를 지지 body, greater cornu, lesser cornu mandible *condylar process가 temporal bone의 mandibular fossa 와 관절하여 T.M joint를 형성한다. TM joint=TemporoMandibular joint 1.base of mandible mental protuberance mental foramen mental tubercle oblique line mental spine mylohyoid line digastric fossa sublingual fovea submanibular fovea 2.ramus of mandible mandibular angle coronoid process condylar process masseteric tuberosity pterygoid tuberosity mandibular canal