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차기 극복의 길은
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영어 이야기 2063
dispari
ty
diˈspærəti
(부정적인 또는 불공평한) 차이
이 세상은 공평한가, 불공평한가에 대한 논쟁은 끝이 없다.
세계 문화와 경제 그리고 군사적인 면에서
'동과 서'의 차이가 컸었다.
'컸었다'는 과거 시제를 쓰는 것은 얼미 전만해도
그 차이가 심했음을 말한다.
전 세계적으로 '동과 서'의 차이가 컸고
물질문명이 비교적 앞섰던 유럽에서 조차도
동유럽과 서유럽의 차이가 현저했었다.
There was wide DISPARTY between the East and West on earth,
지구상에 동과 서 사이에 큰 차이가 있었다.
DISPARITY between the East and West in Eurrope as well.
유럽에도 동과 서의 차이 (가 있었다)
그리고 제일 문제가 되는 차이는 ~
There was too great a DISPARITY between Black and White in America
to be easy being united.
미국에 흑백간의 커다란 차이가 있었으므로
하나가 되는 것이 쉽지 않았었다.
But fortunately there was an invisible bridge named patriot.
그러나 다행스럽게 애국심이라는 이름의
보이지 않는 다리가 있었다.
인간 세계에는 여러가지 '다름의 갈등'이 있으나
The DISPARITY in the colors of the flowers is beautiful.
꽃들의 색에 있어어의 차이는 아름답다.
미국에 많은 문젯점이 없지 않지만
중산층이라고 인정받는 미국인들에게 ~
Ignoring very real economic and social DISPARTIES
is woven into the mythology of the American middle class
which is called the heart and soul of the United States,
아주 진정한 경제적 그리고 사회적 차이들은
미국의 중산층의 신화로 엮이어 가고 있는데
그 중산층은 미국의 마음과 영혼이라고 불려진다.
disparity 라는 낱말을 보며 생각나는
서양 동화가 있다.
Their in rank made no difference at all to the prince and Cinderella.
왕자와 Cinderella 에게 전혀 신분의 차이가 없었다.
한국의 정치가 극과 극으로 가면서
국위가 땅에 떨어지고 있는데
Who can be a bridge of DISPARTY
between two political parties?
누가 두 개의 정당 사에의 다리가 될 수 있을까..?!
make it likely that they were man and woma n.
가능성을 높이다
there was too great a disparity between the ages of the parties
to make it likely that they were man and wi1
Why was there this DISPARITY
ㄹ
The DISPARITY in housing prices between cities and small towns is significant.
guess people can see the gross disparity in force.
진행중인
Gender disparity is also prevalent when it comes to wages and salaries.
일반적인 ~ 에 관해서라면
It is this disparity between southern and northern
between West and East in Europe.
there was too great a disparity between the ages of the parties
to make it likely that they were man and wi1
가능성을 높이다
Increasing diversity in Korea is one of the causes of healty DISPARTIES.
Their disparity in rank made no difference at all to the prince and Cinderella.
0
The gender disparity in the workplace is still prevalent.
We need to bridge the disparity between the rich and the poor.
The disparity in income is a major issue in our society.
They see the disparity of wealth and poverty, and their hearts are torn with anger and with pity.
And we have a wide disparity between the simply poor and the poorest of the poor.
최고빈곤층
touching disparity between the migrations of birds and the forced marches of uprooted men.
There was no disparity in the health status of girls and boys and no substantial difference in infant mortality and growth rates.
본질적 차이
DISPARITY between haves and have-nots
our citizens see a disparity between words and deeds.
English We have an enormous disparity everywhere in the world we live in.
M
This large and continuously increasing disparity must not be allowed to grow larger.
vThe middle class reflects our national mythology of the “everyman,” an idea central to our national identity.
Ignoring very real economic and social disparities is woven into the mythology of the American middle class.
The U.S. Department of Commerce has no definitive guidelines for what constitutes the middle class.
IMG_191/ Shutterstock
Source: IMG_191/ Shutterstock
“Searching for the American middle class is a little like looking for air,” historian Loren Baritz wrote in his 1988 The Good Life: The Meaning of Success for the American Middle Class, stating that the group was “everywhere, invisible, and taken for granted.”
The middle class was the heart and soul of the United States, Baritz believed, and a construct that guided individual and collective thought and action.
“America’s spirit and tone, its historical mythology and official aspirations, political bent, educational arrangements, the centrality of business enterprise, as well as the dreams of the vast majority of its people, derive from the psychology of the great imperial middle,” Baritz proposed.
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Psychology of Class
What is that psychology? A sense of belonging, certainly, and a literal buying into a consumerist lifestyle. Our Constitutional right to pursue happiness is also embedded in the psychological framework of the middle class, as is the idea of social mobility. Conformity too is part of its philosophy, along with subscribing to traditional values.
In short, middle-classness is a concept that heavily shapes the self-identity and behavior of most Americans, whether we realize it or not.
The psychological dynamics of the American middle class are grounded in the country’s unique conception of class in general. Class does not really exist in the United States, many of us believe, at least not in the way it exists in other, more hierarchical societies. This (false) belief holds true for many of those who clearly belong to the upper class or lower class, illustrating the populist appeal of being somewhere in the middle.
The difficulty in defining the American middle class reflects this discomfort with the idea of class. Even the U.S. Department of Commerce—an organization intimately familiar with facts and statistics—has concluded that being middle class “is as much a state of mind and aspirations as it is a set of income levels” after conducting a study in 2008. The Department reported that owning a car, having a retirement nest egg, and being able to take a family vacation was as good as any other measure to determine if one is a middle-class American.
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Definition of Middle Class
In my own The American Middle Class: A Cultural History, I proposed that the best way to define the middle class is simply by saying that it is those in the economic “middle,” whether measured by income or net worth. (I prefer the latter.) One-third of Americans are thus middle class, I propose, with the remaining thirds being, for lack of better words, upper class, and lower class.
Then why do close to 90 percent of Americans consistently say they are middle class when asked? In a 2015 Pew survey, for example, only 10 percent of Americans said they considered themselves lower class and just 1 percent thought they were upper class. Your doctor likely thinks she or he is middle class, and so does the person who flips burgers at McDonald’s.
National Mythology
The reason that the vast majority of Americans define themselves as middle class is that there are powerful psychic rewards for membership in the group. Because the United States was founded on the principles of democracy and equality, it makes perfect sense that “average” Americans are viewed as most symbolic of what makes this country great and different from others. The middle class reflects our national mythology of the “everyman,” an idea that is central to our national identity.
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Conversely, those citizens who are not seen as middle class are often viewed with some suspicion and are considered somehow less “American.” Both the poor and the rich contradict the Constitutional precept that “all men are created equal”; that major class distinctions even exist is seen as a violation of our national creed. The reality is that there always have been great inequalities in wealth and social status in this country, of course, but the endurance of the mythology of classlessness illustrates its profound power.
Despite its actual diversity, the middle class is seen as American as mom, apple pie, and Chevrolet and composed of hard-working, “real” people, who keep the country’s wheels spinning. Hence the continual fretting that the middle class is “shrinking” or “disappearing,” as the "haves" pull ever-further away from the "have-nots."
The irony is that much of the middle class would, if they had the chance, abandon their “averageness” as quickly as possible, in order to realize the paradoxical, very American pursuit of wealth and privilege.
References