|
|
While US President Trump was publicly reiterating an interest in meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un during his upcoming trip to South Korea for the APEC summit, North Korea was gravitating toward an altogether different orbit: Foreign Minister Choe Son Hui was gearing up for visits to Russia and Belarus. This reaffirmed what Kim Jong Un said in September—that North Korea can sit down with the United States only if the latter drops the denuclearization demand—and in the meantime, it will continue to align more closely with like-minded countries. The recent groundbreaking ceremony in Pyongyang to build a museum in memory of North Korean soldiers who fought in Kursk was yet another reminder that the country views Russia as a longer-term investment.
Choe’s latest activities underscore a continued upward trajectory in Pyongyang-Moscow relations; a shift in North Korea-Belarus ties from mere cooperation to the defense of “common interests” on the global stage; and North Korea’s stronger alignment with Eurasia, a theme once primarily championed by Russia.
Russia Supports North Korea’s “Present Position”
On her way to Minsk, Choe stopped in Moscow, where she held talks with her Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov and met with Russian President Vladimir Putin. North Korea’s “official report [kongbomun; 공보문]” (rendered as “joint statement” in North Korea’s translation) on the Choe-Lavrov talks reaffirmed both sides’ alignment on bilateral cooperation and key international issues. Putin’s reception of Choe—whom he also met during her January and November 2024 visits—stood in stark contrast to the absence of a meeting between Choe and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing in late September, following the first Kim-Xi summit in more than six years.
Of note, North Korea’s “official report” said Russia expressed “full support” for Pyongyang’s efforts to defend “the state’s present position [국가의 현 지위; kukka-ui hyon chiwi].”[1] This phrase seems to refer to North Korea’s self-declared nuclear status—it echoes Kim Jong Un’s September 2023 parliamentary speech mentioning ”the present position of our country as a nuclear weapons state.” Although implicit, the wording would appear to be the clearest Russian recognition of North Korea’s claim to nuclear status as reported by North Korean media.[2] This builds on the United Russia Party’s support in October for Pyongyang’s measures to “bolster up the country’s defence capabilities,” which marked the strongest public Russian backing yet for North Korea’s defense buildup, presumably including its nuclear programs.
Belarus: Partner with “Common Interests”
North Korea’s brief “official report” on Choe’s talks with Belarusian Foreign Minister Maxim Ryzhenkov was most notable for the formulation “further strengthening the efforts for safeguarding the common interests in the international arena.” The Belarusian report elaborated on this as “further mutual support on international platforms in order to form a just multipolar world order,” also a staple theme in North Korea-Russia discourse. In previous accounts of North Korea-Belarus meetings (March 2015 and April 2024), North Korea committed only to strengthening support or cooperation in the international arena, without mention of “common interests.” This latest wording implies an upgrade in bilateral relations, moving from general cooperation on the global stage to the defense of a shared worldview.
Choe’s recent trip to Belarus marks the first high-level North Korean visit since 2015, when then Foreign Minister Ri Su Yong led a government delegation to Minsk. It also follows an unusual series of relatively high-level Belarusian visits to North Korea since 2024—a vice foreign minister in April 2024, the foreign minister in July 2024, and a deputy prime minister-led government delegation in May 2025. These exchanges are significant given that, previously, the only notable Belarusian visit to North Korea during Kim Jong Un’s tenure occurred in December 2018, when the head of a directorate led a Foreign Ministry delegation to Pyongyang.
The strengthening of North Korea’s relations with Belarus, a close ally of Russia, coincides with the progression of Pyongyang-Moscow ties, which were elevated to a new level following the Kim-Putin summit in the Russian Far East in September 2023.
Participation in Eurasian Security Conference
Choe’s participation in the Third Minsk International Conference on Eurasian Security is in line with the unprecedented joint statement in October between the North Korean and Russian ruling parties: the document signaled North Korea’s closer alignment with Russia on international issues, including Eurasian security. It is no coincidence that, during his recent opening remarks with Choe, Lavrov stated that their participation in the Minsk conference would “contribute to the advancement of our shared goal of building a just world order in Eurasia and elsewhere.”
Russia has served as North Korea’s gateway to multilateral forums, much like its role in fostering closer ties between North Korea and Belarus. In 2024, for example, Choe attended both the Fourth Eurasian Women’s Forum in Russia and the First BRICS Women’s Forum held on the sidelines of the Eurasian women’s forum. Article 7 of the North Korea-Russia Treaty stipulates that the two countries shall “cooperate on and support the other’s accession to relevant international and regional organizations.”[3]
Looking Ahead
Progress in North Korea-Belarus relations, the emergence of trilateral cooperation among North Korea, Russia, and Belarus, and Pyongyang’s accession to a multilateral institution where Russia plays a key role are all developments or possibilities that warrant close monitoring, especially in light of the North Korean foreign minister’s recent activities in Belarus.
Equally important will be tracking how North Korea’s relations with China evolve as it continues to strengthen and expand ties with Russia and its ally Belarus.
The North Korean report read: “The Russian side expressed full support for the DPRK side’s efforts and measures to firmly defend the state’s present position, security interests and sovereign rights….” The Russian Foreign Ministry’s readout, however, did not mention North Korea’s “present situation,” simply stating: “Russia expressed its full support for the measures taken by the DPRK leadership to safeguard the country’s sovereignty and ensure its national security.” The reason for this omission is unclear, but high-level Russian officials’ past comments on the North Korean nuclear issue (see the next footnote) suggest it was not due to a disagreement between the two sides.
Previously, both Putin and Lavrov have made comments that seemed to signal de facto recognition of North Korea’s nuclear status. In March 2024, Putin commented that North Korea “has its own nuclear umbrella.” In September of the same year, Lavrov said “applying the term ‘denuclearisation’ to DPRK no longer makes any sense. For us, this is off the table.” North Korean media have not been observed to report on these comments.
Translated from “조선민주주의인민공화국과 로씨야련방사이의 포괄적인 전략적동반자관계에 관한 조약 [Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the DPRK and the Russian Federation],” Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), June 20, 2024, http://kcna.co.jp/calendar/2024/06/06-20/2024-0620-004.html.