영어성경 문법해설 (요엘 2 장 / chapter 2 of Joel)

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An Army of Locusts

2 Blow the trumpet in Zion;
    sound the alarm on my holy hill.

Let all who live in the land tremble,
    for the day of the Lord is coming.
It is close at hand—
²     a day of darkness and gloom,
    a day of clouds and blackness.
Like dawn spreading across the mountains
    a large and mighty army comes,
such as never was in ancient times
    nor ever will be in ages to come.

³ Before them fire devours,
    behind them a flame blazes.
Before them the land is like the garden of Eden,
    behind them, a desert waste—
    nothing escapes them.
⁴ They have the appearance of horses;
    they gallop along like cavalry.
⁵ With a noise like that of chariots
    they leap over the mountaintops,
like a crackling fire consuming stubble,
    like a mighty army drawn up for battle.

(2) never (not, neither) ~ nor ~

never ~ 도 아니고 nor ~ 도 아니다

And the Father who sent me has himself testified concerning me.

You have never heard his voice nor seen his form,

(요한복음 5:37)

(5) a noise ~ that of

a nose 의 대명사 that

With a noise like that of chariots

'병거들의 소리와 같은 소리로'

보통 명사가 무생물일 경우 그 명사의 목적격은 it,

그러나 그 대명사 뒤에 of 가 붙어서 꾸밀 경우 it 대신 that 을 쓴다.

다른 예문을 성경에서 소개한다.]

Through the offspring the Lord gives you by this young woman,

may your family be like that of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah.

family be like that of Perez은

'Perez 의 가족과 같은 가족'이다

⁶ At the sight of them, nations are in anguish;
    every face turns pale.
⁷ They charge like warriors;
    they scale walls like soldiers.
They all march in line,
    not swerving from their course.
⁸ They do not jostle each other;
    each marches straight ahead.
They plunge through defenses
    without breaking ranks.
⁹ They rush upon the city;
    they run along the wall.
They climb into the houses;
    like thieves they enter through the windows.

¹⁰ Before them the earth shakes,
    the heavens tremble,
the sun and moon are darkened,
    and the stars no longer shine.

(10) no longer

더 이상 ~ 아니다 (안 한다)

So they are no longer two, but one flesh.

Therefore what God has joined together

(마태복음 / Matthew 19:6)

¹¹ The Lord thunders
    at the head of his army;
his forces are beyond number,
    and mighty is the army that obeys his command.
The day of the Lord is great;
    it is dreadful.
    Who can endure it?

Rend Your Heart

¹² “Even now,” declares the Lord,
    “return to me with all your heart,
    with fasting and weeping and mourning.”

¹³ Rend your heart
    and not your garments.
Return to the Lord your God,
    for he is gracious and compassionate,
slow to anger and abounding in love,
    and he relents from sending calamity.
¹⁴ Who knows? He may turn and relent
    and leave behind a blessing—
grain offerings and drink offerings
    for the Lord your God.

¹⁵ Blow the trumpet in Zion,
    declare a holy fast,
    call a sacred assembly.

¹⁶ Gather the people,
    consecrate the assembly;
bring together the elders,
    gather the children,
    those nursing at the breast.
Let the bridegroom leave his room
    and the bride her chamber.
¹⁷ Let the priests, who minister before the Lord,
    weep between the portico and the altar.
Let them say, “Spare your people, Lord.
    Do not make your inheritance an object of scorn,
    a byword among the nations.
Why should they say among the peoples,
    ‘Where is their God?’”

The Lord’s Answer

¹⁸ Then the Lord was jealous for his land
    and took pity on his people.

¹⁹ The Lord replied^[a] to them:

“I am sending you grain, new wine and olive oil,
    enough to satisfy you fully;
never again will I make you
    an object of scorn to the nations.

²⁰ “I will drive the northern horde far from you,
    pushing it into a parched and barren land;
its eastern ranks will drown in the Dead Sea
    and its western ranks in the Mediterranean Sea.
And its stench will go up;
    its smell will rise.”

Surely he has done great things!

(16) those + 현재분사

those (who be 동사) 현재분사를 줄여 쓴 것이다

1 Kings / 열왕기상 14:11

Dogs will eat those belonging to Jeroboam who die in the city,

and the birds of the air will feed on those who  die in the country. The LORD has spoken!'

이 문장에 those who ~ (~ 하는 사람들)도 있다.

 But I did this privately to those who seemed to be leaders,

 for fear that I was running or had run my race in vain.

(Galatians / 갈라디아서 2:2)

(19) enough to ~

~ 할 정도로 충분히

At Horeb you aroused the Lord’s wrath

so that he was angry enough to destroy you.

(Deuteronomy / 민수기 9:8)

enough 는 부사지만 다른 부사와 달리 앞에 있는 형용사 (angry) 를 꾸민다.

이 문장에 so that (~ 하도록) 도 있다

~ 하도록 (that ~ 에 문장이 오며 보통 조동사 may, will, can 등이 올 때가 많다)

Romans / 로마서 14:9

For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life 

so that he might be the Lord of both the dead and the living.

(20) the Dead Sea, the Mediterranean

둘 다 바다를 나타내는 고유명사,

영어에서 고유명사 앞에는 정관사 the 를 붙이지 않지만,

바다나, 강 이름 앞에는 붙여야 한다

As Jesus was walking beside the Sea of Galilee,

he saw two brothers, Simon called Peter and his brother Andrew.

(마태복음 / Matthew 4:18)

²¹     Do not be afraid, land of Judah;
    be glad and rejoice.
Surely the Lord has done great things!
²²     Do not be afraid, you wild animals,
    for the pastures in the wilderness are becoming green.
The trees are bearing their fruit;
    the fig tree and the vine yield their riches.
²³ Be glad, people of Zion,
    rejoice in the Lord your God,
for he has given you the autumn rains
    because he is faithful.
He sends you abundant showers,
    both autumn and spring rains, as before.
²⁴ The threshing floors will be filled with grain;
    the vats will overflow with new wine and oil.

²⁵ “I will repay you for the years the locusts have eaten—
    the great locust and the young locust,
    the other locusts and the locust swarm^[b]—
my great army that I sent among you.

(24) be filled with ~

~ 로 꽉차있다

Though you have not seen him, you love him;

and even though you do not see him now,

you believe in him and are filled with an inexpressible and glorious joy,

(베드로전서 / 1 Peter 1:18)

이 문장에 even though (비록 ~ 이지만) 도 참고할만 하다.

Even though I walk through the darkest valley,

I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me.

(시편 / Psalm 23:4)

²⁶ You will have plenty to eat, until you are full,
    and you will praise the name of the Lord your God,
    who has worked wonders for you;
never again will my people be shamed.
²⁷ Then you will know that I am in Israel,
    that I am the Lord your God,
    and that there is no other;
never again will my people be shamed.

The Day of the Lord

²⁸ “And afterward,
    I will pour out my Spirit on all people.
Your sons and daughters will prophesy,
    your old men will dream dreams,
    your young men will see visions.
²⁹ Even on my servants, both men and women,
    I will pour out my Spirit in those days.
³⁰ I will show wonders in the heavens
    and on the earth,
    blood and fire and billows of smoke.

³¹ The sun will be turned to darkness
    and the moon to blood
    before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord.
³² And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved;
for on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem
    there will be deliverance,
    as the Lord has said,
even among the survivors
    whom the Lord calls.^[c]

^{(32) call on ~}

^{~ 을 부르다 (특별히 부탁하기 위해)}

Footnotes:

Joel 2:19 Or Lord will be jealous … / and take pity … / ¹⁹ The Lord will reply

Joel 2:25 The precise meaning of the four Hebrew words used here for locusts is uncertain.

Joel 2:32 In Hebrew texts 2:28-32 is numbered 3:1-5.