How to Pop Your Ear on a Plane, According to an ENT Doctor
Do NOT hold your nose and blow really hard.
By Jessica Sulima
Published on Sep 26, 2024 at 10:03 AM
https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/how-to-relieve-ear-pressure-on-planes
I’m pretty attuned to the perils of air travel—skin dehydration, sleep deprivation, crying babies, etc. But there’s one affliction that always seems to take me by surprise: the very acute pain that is “airplane ear.” It happens to me every now and again at touchdown, a leg of the journey that, in theory, should be very joyful; instead, I’m buckled up (quite literally) with discomfort, desperate to escape my own head. I’m sure we all learned somewhere that chewing a stick of Juicy Fruit will alleviate the problem, but that never seems to do the trick for me. So I spoke to Dr. Dennis Poe, MD, PhD, and Professor of Otolaryngology at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, to get some answers and, hopefully, some relief.
What exactly is “airplane ear?”
First, let’s get acquainted with medical lingo. Doctors refer to ear pain caused by changes in pressure as “baro-challenge.” If there’s actual harm, like a bruise in the eardrum or fluid in the ear, that’s referred to as “barotrauma.” Airplane ear is a form of baro-challenge, and it’s caused by the difficulty in clearing your ears as the plane ascends or descends.
According to Poe, it’s the descent that causes a bigger problem, which checks out with my experience. And it all has to do with the air vent that’s connected to our ears, otherwise known as the eustachian tube, located in the back of the nose. The valves in our eustachian tubes, Poe explains, are very floppy.
“On the way down, when the pressure's going up around you, you've got this relative vacuum in your ear. That vacuum is sucking in the walls of that eustachian tube, like a rubber balloon, making it harder to pop your ear,” Poe says. “When you go up, the pressure in your ear is now positive because the pressure around you is going down, and so that tends to vent itself. It tends to pop more easily, because the pressure wants to get out.” Scuba divers have this same issue—it’s always harder to go down than to come up.
Why does it happen only sometimes?
Every time I’m plagued with baro-challenge on my flight, I come up with a number of hypotheses: Does it have to do with the length of the flight? The fact that I’m landing in the Southern Hemisphere? Poe says you’re more likely to suffer if you’re feeling stuffy. “This air vent, it's mucus membrane, like the rest of the back of the nose. And so if you've got any kind of congestion, it can block it up,” he says. “So it's much harder to clear your ears if you're having allergy troubles, an upper respiratory infection, or a cold.” That’s bad news for anyone with chronic allergies, smokers, people born with underdeveloped eustachian tubes, and—most especially—children. Hence the crying babies. “Babies have very small eustachian tubes that are harder to open,” Poe says.
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How to treat airplane ear
Chewing gum does help, Poe says, but it’s not the actual act of chewing; it’s the swallowing. “Swallows and yawns are the way that we normally vent our ears,” he says. So while you might be asked to stow your tray tables away during descent, make sure you have a bottled beverage in hand, about a half hour before landing. Taking a few, continuous swigs should aid in preventing the pain.
If you’ve got chronic allergies, Poe advises managing those allergies days before your flight with nasal steroid sprays or antihistamines. For those who are simply feeling a little sick, the doctor suggests carrying on a decongestant spray like Afrin and taking it about a half hour before descent. The efficacy will start to wane after two hours, so if you have back-to-back flights, you may want to repeat the process. But don’t go using it everyday. “If you do it for three or more days in a row, your nose can become very addicted to it and become congested once you stop,” Poe says “So it's okay for short time use for planes, but you can't use that multiple days in a row or you’ll get hooked.”
You can also try vented ear plugs, and Poe suggests the brand EarPlanes, which now come with an app that measures cabin air pressure and notifies you when to pop them in. “If you can get a good seal in your ear, that tiny vent will slow down how fast the pressure is changing,” he says. “So it gives you more time to try to get your ears to pop while the plane's descending.”