(목요모임) [19 Nov, 2015]Thursday meeting topic

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Processed And Red Meat Could Cause Cancer? 

Your Questions Answered

The World Health Organization made an announcement Monday that's likely to come as a blow to anyone whose favorite outdoor snack is a hot dog. 

Processed meats — yes, hot dogs, plus sausage, ham, even turkey bacon — are cancer-causing, a committee of scientists with WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded. And it classified red meat as "probably carcinogenic to humans."

THE SALT

Bad Day For Bacon: Processed Meats Cause Cancer, WHO Says

The IARC posted a Q&A on its site, but it didn't cover all of the questions we've been hearing from you on social media. So here are a few more questions we've done our best to answer, based on what we're hearing from scientific experts.

What kind of meat are we talking about here?

The IARC defines processed meat as any meat that's been "transformed through salting, curing, fermentation, smoking or other processes to enhance flavor or improve preservation." So that means not just beef or pork but also processed poultry or liver.

Red meat is beef, veal, pork, lamb, mutton and goat (and horse, if you happen to fancy it).

What about chicken or turkey sausage?

WHO's classification of all processed meat as carcinogenic means turkey and chicken sausage and bacon are included, too.

What kind of cancer?

The evidence was strongest linking red and processed meat consumption with colorectal cancer. The scientists also looked at data on more than 15 other types of cancer and saw positive associations "between consumption of red meat and cancers of the pancreas and the prostate (mainly advanced prostate cancer), and between consumption of processed meat and cancer of the stomach."

How did the IARC reach these conclusions?

By reviewing 800 studies that looked at the association of cancer with consumption of red or processed meat in people around the world, of diverse ethnicities and diets.

What exactly is it in red and processed meat that makes it carcinogenic?

Studies show that meat processing techniques and cooking it at high temperatures can lead to the formation of carcinogenic chemicals.Other studies show those compounds appearing in parts of the digestive tract like the colon.

As we've reported, one theory is that the iron in meat works as a catalyst to turn nitrates added as preservatives into a particular kind of carcinogen in the body. And there are other proposed mechanisms, too.

Are certain types of meat processing less dangerous than others?

Maybe. We can't really parse that out with the research done so far, says Dr. Steven Clinton, professor of medical oncology at Ohio State University.

So does this mean I should give up eating red and processed meat?

If you're eating a diet that is very rich in meat products and processed meats, it may be time to cut back, says Clinton, who's also a member of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, which advises the federal government on nutrition policy. This year, the panelrecommended that Americans cut back on red and processed meat. (Not surprisingly, the meat industry vehemently opposed the recommendation.)

That doesn't mean bacon is permanently off limits — as Clinton told us, he ate some over the weekend.

Well, then, how much is safe to eat?

The IARC stopped short of saying what constitutes a safe amount to eat. According to Dariush Mozaffarian, dean of the School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, there's not enough evidence to give meat eaters a specific amount that is OK to consume.

With that caveat, Mozaffarian says his own general recommendations are "no more than one to two servings per month of processed meats, and no more than one to two servings per week of unprocessed meat."

The American Cancer Society doesn't provide specific targets. Instead, it advises that Americans minimize processed meats like bacon and sausage in their diets, and choose fish, poultry and beans as an alternative to red meat. And when you do eat red meat, the ACS says select leaner cuts and smaller portions.

As Clinton tells NPR's Robert Siegel on All Things Considered,ultimately, how much is OK to eat depends on a person's individual risk factors.

But isn't eating processed meat just as bad as smoking?

No. While WHO has now put processed meat in the same category of cancer risk as smoking, that doesn't mean it's equally dangerous. As a single factor, smoking contributes enormously to the risk of lung and other types of cancer, Clinton says. By contrast, processed meat "contributes a much more modest risk," he says.

Specifically, for every 1.8 ounces of processed meat eaten daily, the risk of colorectal cancer goes up about 18 percent over what it would have been if you didn't eat processed meat, according to the IARC. Those are relative risks — and the risk of developing colorectal cancer is fairly low to begin with. The quantitative risk, Clinton says, "is not even in the same ballpark as cigarette smoking."

Q: Is this really all that new?

A: No. The findings have been out there for several years. What is new is that WHO, which many countries look to for health advice, is using its megaphone to get people to pay attention.

reference: http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/26/451950828/processed-and-red-meat-could-cause-cancer-your-questions-answered

Q. 

1.how often do you have processed and red meat?

2.How do you feel about this news? Will you stop eating processed and red meat?

3.Do you care the nutrition when you have meal?

4.What is your favorite food? 

5.Are there any foods that you wouldn't eat as a child that you eat now?

6.Do you think a vegetarian diet is better than a diet that includes meat?

7.How often do you eat in a restaurant? (How often do you eat out?)

What do you eat when you feel sad?

Society sees adverse effects of segregated spaces

‘How you design a space can change how one talks, behaves or communicates within society.’

June 01,2015

	Some restaurants have signs that say “No Kids, No Pets, No Smoking” to provide a more comfortable dining experience for patrons. [JoongAng Ilbo]

At Bulgwang Station in northwestern Seoul a group of older people wearing hiking outfits entered the subway. 

The middle of the carriage suddenly became busier as people moved away from the end seats reserved for the disabled, the elderly and children.

“I usually move away from the elderly zone in the train as it makes me feel uncomfortable to stand there,” said college student Kim Won-kyu. 

Another university student, Yoon So-ra, says she tries to stay away from these seats on the train as she once got into an uncomfortable argument with an older, drunk rider. 

	While a gathering of people reading humanities texts, far left, invite guests of all ages to resolve the disconnected communication between different generations, some local clubs only allow people under 30 through the doors.

To assist certain groups of people who are considered to need more protection in society - such as children, the elderly or pregnant women -special zones are sometimes set up in public spaces. 

One of the most notable is the aforementioned designated area in subway train cars. 

Although the zones were set up with a positive reason in mind, to provide space for those with a real need to sit down, complaints regarding the areas have been increasing recently.

Last year, 219 complaints were reported regarding these designations, almost twice as many as the 117 cases back in 2011. 

Young people who have their own reasons for needing to take up these seats feel antagonized when elderly people expect an unconditional concession without considering their reasons for sitting down. 

Meanwhile, the elderly assume that the younger generation don’t show enough respect. 

While the public sector has set up many of these types of zones, the private sector has been developing their own. 

Many restaurants now have a “No Kids” sign, citing the aim of creating a better dining experience for other patrons as the reasoning behind this, while some nightclubs ban anyone older than 30 from entering. 

Thanks to such moves, people can choose to spend time in places with like-minded individuals where they are less likely to receive any hassle. 

However, the phenomenon has sparked worries that too many exclusive zones hinder communication among different groups and may boost discrimination, just like what has been seen in the subway cars. 

“How you design a space can change how one talks, behaves or communicates within society,” said Chun Young-sun, social studies professor at Kyungpook National University. 

To test whether or not rising conflicts could be dissolved from a slight change in the use of space, the JoongAng Sunday, an affiliate of the Korea JoongAng Daily, decided to visit a couple places that are encouraging more conversations between diverse demographics.

This reporter visited a community that studies humanities in Seogyo-dong, Mapo District, last week. 

The members here have been meeting regularly over the past month and a half to read old texts by Chinese scholar Mencius. 

All the participants, whether in their 20s or 60s, put their heads together and analyze the texts. 

Young and old people are usually segregated in even the most basic of classes. 

However, here in this particular gathering, individuals from different age groups mingle and discuss the texts based on their own analyses. Members of the group think this union is the source of a variety of ideas that can only come from certain age groups. 

“It is a very refreshing experience to study with people of different ages,” said the youngest member of the group, Jo Ha-na, 20.

“Since everyone has different expertise and interests, we can get various points of views on the same subject.”

The members of the group said they were able to make the sessions work because no one tries to take the lead but that everyone encourages communication in a cooperative way. 

“There are many other programs that have classmates from teenage high schoolers to the retired in their 60s, but many times either the youngest or the oldest lead the group,” said 54-year-old Kim Jong-rak, the leader of the gathering.

“We have a common goal to study the same subject, and we encourage each other to communicate naturally by showing more interest in what others have to say.”

Another way to dissolve conflict is to create a bond of sympathy. Arirang Cine Center, operated by Seoul Seongbuk Cultural Foundation in Seongbuk District, has started to host “Mom’s Day” every Wednesday for mothers with young children. 

They learned that this group of people was the one that wanted to indulge in cultural experiences the most, but rarely could because they worried about their children bothering others who visit public places to appreciate the arts. 

As a result, the movie theater designated a day for mothers to come to the theater and watch a movie without needing to worry about ruining someone else’s experience. 

The theater has set up a space where mothers can change their offspring’s diapers or breast-feed when necessary. 

To ensure the film is more suitable for young children, the cinema also leaves the theater lights turned on slightly and turns down the sound. 

Moms and their little ones are also free to leave their seats when they want, too. 

Some mothers were walking around the aisle to stop their babies from crying when this reporter visited the theater earlier this month. No one complained.

“Such things are unimaginable at a general theater, but here no one shows discomfort even when a child cries or a person tries to go outside,” said 35-year-old Park Su-gyeong, who visited with her 8-month-old daughter. 

Although it is dubbed “Mom’s Day,” other moviegoers are also welcome to watch the movies. 

It seemed that visitors without children were more willing to put up with any inconveniences because of the special designation. 

“It wasn’t so uncomfortable for me to have surroundings that were a bit noisier, as I was already aware that it was Mom’s Day before I decided to watch a movie here,” said 21-year-old college student Lee A-ram after the film finished. 

Social studies experts say that each and every member of society needs to cooperate in order to build up a healthy way of communicating with one another without forcing certain people to exist in separate spaces. 

“It is necessary to review situations if the segregation that is done for the benefit and protection of the minority starts to bring out side effects, such as discrimination,” said Park Gyeong-tae, social studies professor at Sungkonghoe University. 

Another expert argued that society can have open spaces for all and designated zones for people in need at the same time. 

“It is not a zero-sum game,” said Kim Ho-gi, a social studies professor at Yonsei University. 

“If we can encourage some free communication in a way that doesn’t make the people who are eligible to be part of certain zones feel some sort of deprivation or a sense of alienation, we can have both coexist harmoniously in society.”

Professor Chun said that industry experts need to be more cautious when they design such zones that only target a certain group of people. 

“Signs that show an elderly person holding a cane, a pregnant woman or a disabled individual in a wheelchair is one way of communicating violently as these signs could mean that people need to prove how old they are or how hard it is for them to get around,” Chun said. 

The professor suggested that instead of having the seats for the elderly in one corner, juxtaposing those with ones for the general public could be a better option, along with a sign that says, “Ask for the seat if necessary.”

“This might be one way to start smoother communication,” Chun added. 

reference:http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3004789

Q. 

1. What do you think about segregated spaces such as no pet, no smoking area?

2. Do you think it is a discrimination?

3. If you could make segregated space, Which concept do you want to make it for?

4. How do you feel about the designated areas? 

   Should young people be allowed to use them if they need them?

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