뉴질랜드 해군 소속 해양조사선 HMNZS 마나와누이의 좌초 후 침몰 이유는 인적 오류

[위종민]

When Computers Went To Sea | 뉴질랜드의 해양조사선 HMNZS 마나와누가 좌초 후 침몰 - Daum 카페

뉴질랜드의 해양조사선 HMNZS 마나와누가 좌초 후 침몰

지난 10월 초 뉴질랜드의 해양조사선 HMNZS 마나와누이가 사모아 섬의 남쪽 해안에서 수로조사 임무 중 좌초돼 침몰돼었었습니다. 

뉴질랜드 해군이 발표한 중간조사 결과에 따르면 자동조종장치가 해제돼 있어야 하는데 해제되지 않았고, 승무원들도 그 사실을 깨닫지 못해 함선이 조타신호에 반응하지 못하고 암초를 향해 진로를 유지해 좌초됐다고 하네요. 좌초 당시의 속도는 10노트 이상었고, 635m 이상을 이동했다고 합니다. 

최종보고서는 내년 1분기 공개 예정입니다. 

Crew Failures Led to Grounding, Sinking of New Zealand Navy Ship, Says Report - USNI News

Crew Failures Led to Grounding, Sinking of New Zealand Navy Ship, Says Report

Dzirhan Mahadzir

December 1, 2024 7:39 PM

RNZN Divers survey HMNZS Manawanui off the Southern Coast of Upulo, Samoa.

A New Zealand Defence Force Court of Inquiry found that crew error caused the Royal New Zealand Navy hydrographic dive and survey ship HMNZS Manawanui (A09) to run aground and sink in October.

An NZDF release on Friday cited RNZN head Rear Adm. Garin Golding saying the COI’s interim report found the ship’s autopilot was not disengaged when it should have been. The crew did not realize Manawanui’s autopilot was still on, so they believed its failure to respond to direction changes was due to a failure in thruster controls.

Golding added that having assessed a thruster control failure, the crew did not check that the ship was under manual control rather than autopilot, as per standard procedures. Instead, the autopilot stayed on and Manawanui maintained a course toward land, running aground and becoming stranded.

The crew tried and failed to maneuver the ship off the reef, according to a timeline provided with the press release. While no damage or flooding was detected inside the ship, stability assessments made after the grounding indicated Manawanui was no longer stable. About 30 minutes after the initial grounding, the ship was abandoned. All personnel were successfully evacuated with no serious injuries. The ship then caught fire before capsizing and sinking on the morning of Oct.6.

The RNZN Chief stated in the release that the COI expected to determine why the situation occurred and what lessons could be learned in the first quarter of next year. Other contributing factors were identified and will be considered in more detail during phase two of the process.

“To provide some immediate assurance, we have conducted a series of audits in the Fleet and looked to implement initial lessons identified from the interim report around training, risk management, and improving relevant orders, instructions and procedures,” added Golding.

Golding also said a separate disciplinary process would commence once the COI had concluded. In a joint press conference with New Zealand Defence Minister Judith Collins that was held on Friday, Golding said that the disciplinary process would look at the officer who was in control of the ship, their direct supervisor and the ship’s commanding officer.

A birds eye view of HMNZS Manawanui sits off the Southern Coast of Uplou. New Zealand Defence Forces Photo

Golding received the interim report on Nov. 14 according to an NZDF release. It then went through an independent legal review. The full interim report has not been released publicly, though NZDF has released information it deems relevant to the public. The COI is still ongoing and specific findings in the report will likely be used as evidence for the disciplinary process once the COI has concluded.

In response to a question, Golding admitted the sinking had damaged New Zealand’s reputation on the world stage.

“We need to own it, we need to fix it and learn the lessons,” said Golding.

He added, however, that at the same time the Manawanui sank the RNZN helped Samoa host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting ) 2024 with the multi-role vessel HMNZS Canterbury (L421) and divers from the HMNZS Matataua unit., Fleet oiler HMNZS Aotearoa, which had just returned from East Asia, is preparing to deploy to the Antarctic to support Antarctica New Zealand and frigate HMNZS Te Kaha (F77) off the coast of Australia preparing for its deployment next year to the Middle East.

“We’re out there doing things on behalf of our nation”, said Golding.

Defence Minister Collins stated in the press conference that there have been more calls for RNZN support and assistance recently than there have been in a very long time.

Aotearoa returned to its home port of Devonport Naval Base on Oct. 25 after completing a 135-day deployment. The fleet oiler arrived early to Exercise Rim of the Pacific 2024 (RIMPAC 2024) in Hawaii on June 23. During the exercise, it received a total of 13,386,000 liters of F76 Diesel Fuel and passed a total of 6,384,000 liters of F76 diesel fuel and 460,000 liters of aviation fuel to customer ships both inside and outside the exercise, according to an NZDF release.

Royal New Zealand Navy ship HMNZS Manawanui (A09) during weapons firing practice in the Pacific Ocean during Exercise Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) on Aug. 19, 2020. US Navy Photo

Aotearoa carried out Replenishment at Sea (RAS) operations with 16 ships from partner nations during RIMPAC 2024, including a concurrent RAS with U.S destroyer USS Sterett (DDG-104) and Canadian frigate HMCS Vancouver (FFH331). On July 25 Aotearoa carried out its longest replenishment ever, transferring 3 million liters of diesel fuel and 350,000 liters of aviation fuel in an 8.5-hour RAS operation to amphibious assault ship USS Boxer (LHD-4) as it set out for an Indo-Pacific deployment.

The fleet oiler subsequently spent four weeks helping monitor United Nations Security Council Resolutions-imposing sanctions against North Korea where it replenished international navy vessels patrolling the Korean Peninsula. On Sept. 25 Aotearoa conducted a Taiwan Strait transit with Australian destroyer HMAS Sydney (DDG42) and subsequently supported partner navies in the South China Sea before heading for home.

A civilian-contracted tug and a barge are currently making their way to Samoa to carry out the removal, recovery and safe disposal of the fuel and other pollutants from Manawanui.

Details from interim court of inquiry report into HMNZS Manawanui incident released - New Zealand Defence Force

Details from interim court of inquiry report into HMNZS Manawanui incident released

HMNZS Manawanui grounded and sunk off the coast of Samoa as a result of human error, the interim Court of Inquiry report shows.

29 November, 2024

The Royal New Zealand Navy ship grounded on a reef on the southern side of Samoa, on Saturday 5 October 2024 while conducting survey operations.

Chief of Navy Rear Admiral Garin Golding stood up a Court of Inquiry following the incident in order to understand the facts of what occurred.

“The direct cause of the grounding has been determined as a series of human errors which meant the ship’s autopilot was not disengaged when it should have been,” Rear Admiral Golding said.

“The crew did not realise Manawanui remained in autopilot and, as a consequence, mistakenly believed its failure to respond to direction changes was the result of a thruster control failure.

“Having mistakenly assessed a thruster control failure, standard procedures should have prompted ship’s crew to check that the ship was under manual control rather than in autopilot. This check did not occur. Remaining in autopilot resulted in the ship maintaining a course toward land, until grounding and eventually stranding.”

Track of HMNZS Manawanui before grounding and sinking.

Rear Admiral Golding said why it happened and what would come next in terms of lessons learned were still being worked on as part of the wider Court of Inquiry, which was expected to be completed in the first quarter of next year.

Rear Admiral Golding said given human error was identified as the cause, a separate disciplinary process would need to be commenced once the Court of Inquiry had concluded.

As well as the primary cause, there were also a number of identified contributing factors leading to the ship’s grounding, which will be considered in more detail during phase two of the Court of Inquiry.

“To provide some immediate assurance, we have conducted a series of audits in the Fleet and looked to implement initial lessons identified from the interim report around training, risk management, and improving relevant orders, instructions and procedures” he said. 

Rear Admiral Golding said he was grateful for the support from the Transport Accident Investigation Committee, the Royal Australian Navy, and Royal New Zealand Air Force for their support to the Court of Inquiry investigation, which used evidence collected through interviews with the crew, expert witnesses and data from the ship’s recordings to find the primary cause.

The New Zealand Defence Force remains thankful for Samoa’s ongoing support regarding the situation, and is committed to working alongside Samoan authorities on the response, he said.

“I want to reassure the public of New Zealand that we will learn from this situation and that it is on me, as the Chief of Navy, to earn back your trust.

“We have incredible people within our Defence Force who answer the call to serve every day. Much of their work is risky and involves decisions that can mean life or death. No one turns up to work to have a bad day.

“In this situation, we thankfully did not lose any lives but lives have been affected nonetheless, and we continue to support and work closely with those who were onboard Manawanui on that day.”

Timeline:

• On Saturday 5 October 2024, HMNZS Manawanui was conducting survey operations on the southern side of Apia, Samoa in a strong breeze of up to 25 knots and moderate swell.
•  The survey was conducted in a box-shaped area, running east to west in survey lanes that start on the outside, working inwards.
• At about 6.15pm, the ship’s crew attempted a routine turn to starboard, initially to a course of 340 degrees, within the survey area, as part of a turn. The crew attempted to turn off the 340 degree course to starboard towards an easterly course but the ship did not respond as intended.
• Shortly after, Manawanui left the approved survey area, and in an effort to stop the ship, the crew conducted further actions that they believed should have resulted in the ship essentially braking.
• Manawanui did not slow or stop, and instead the ship started to accelerate towards the reef, grounding for the first time at or about 6.17pm at a speed of more than 10 knots.
• The ship then travelled around 635 metres (700 yards) before becoming stranded, grounding multiple times along the way.
• Full control of Manawanui’s propulsion system was not regained until 10 minutes later, at 6.27pm, when the ship’s autopilot was disengaged. The inability to turn the ship to an easterly direction from the 340 degree course and stop the ship is attributed to the ship being in autopilot mode.
•  Unsuccessful attempts were then made to manoeuvre the ship off the reef.
• Manawanui was brought to emergency stations after the grounding, and searches were conducted to check for damage.
• No damage or flooding was detected inside the ship. However, stability assessments made after the grounding indicated Manawanui was no longer stable.
• At approximately 6.46pm, about 30 minutes after the initial grounding, the decision was made to abandon ship.
• The timeliness of the decision to abandon ship and to keep Manawanui’s generators running contributed to the successful abandonment process and likely prevented serious injuries or death.
• The ship suffered a series of catastrophic fires after being abandoned, before capsizing and sinking on the morning of Sunday 6 October.

Note: A previous picture of the bridge described the thrusters as ‘Azipods’. This label was used incorrectly, and the correct term is ‘Azimuth’. The Court of Inquiry has not identified, as yet, any issue with the performance of the thruster controls themselves.

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