상품DB//이집트 소용량 태양열 담수기 시장동향(2014.7)

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제목	이집트 소용량 태양열 담수기 시장동향(2014.7)
게시일	2016-03-24	국가	이집트	작성자	김주선(카이로무역관)
품목	기타
품목코드	010190
작성일자: 2014.7.1 작성자: 카이로 무역관 노정민(rho.kotra@gmail.com), Pakinam Hassan(pakinam.kotra@gmail.com) 1. Environment Trend  ○ Throughout Egypt, days are commonly warm or hot, and nights are cool. Egypt has only two seasons: a mild winter from November to April and a hot summer from May to October. The differences between the seasons are variations in daytime temperatures and changes in prevailing winds. □ Temperature                                               (Unit: °C) □ Amount of Insolation □ Amount of Precipitation (Monthly) □ Latitude  ○ Egypt is located in northern Africa, and is in both the eastern and northern hemispheres. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the bottom half of the country. Egypt is bordered by the countries of Israel, Libya, and Sudan, as well as the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The latitude and longitude (absolute locations) of the capital city ‘Cairo’ are 30° 2' N and 31° 14' E consecutively. □ Clear-Day  ○ There is no definite number of days by which the weather is clear; the weather is sunny, cloudy, partially cloudy, rainy, windy, or foggy depending on the season. However, Egypt’s weather is clear most of the time. 2. Habitation Trend □ Residential Type  ○ There are low, middle, and high income housing projects across Egypt. The most common residential types include apartments, duplexes, penthouses, villas, townhouses, twin houses, chalets, and studios. □ Population of Each Region Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)  ○ These figures are up-to-date, the CAPMAS keeps updating its website (www.capmas.gov.eg) and it regularly publishes the most recent population statistics. □ Population With and Without the Water Supply Facilities       Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) 3. Water Supply □ Method of Supply for Drinking Water  ○ In Egypt, there is an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth; the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period; and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. On the institutional side, the regulation and service provision have been separated to some extent through the creation of a national Holding Company for Water and Wastewater in 2004, and of an economic regulator, the Egyptian Water Regulatory Agency (EWRA), in 2006.  ○ The water is usually supplied through pipes throughout Egypt, however, rural water supply is mostly through standpipes. Some governorate housing directorates operated about 1250 rural water supply systems relying on boreholes or wells serving those areas not covered by municipalities or the General Organization for Potable Water (GOPW).  ○ According to Al Ahram Newspaper, the Nile River contributes 97 percent of Egypt's water supply. The remaining 3 per cent is ground water (10 billion cubic meters (bcm) annually), recycled water (7 bcm) and rain water (0.5 bcm).  ○ Water is the fundamental element for sustainable and integrated development in Egypt. Horizontal expansion in agriculture is connected to the country’s ability to provide the water required for that expansion. Moreover, the economics of water use and its future on the long run require searching for alternatives and determining the water resources available at present and additional resources we can obtain in the future. The water resources available for use, in Egypt, include the Nile River, underground water, rain water, and drainage water. The Nile River and underground water resources are the main source of drinking water.  ○ Nile River   - It is the longest river on Earth, flowing for nearly 6,700 kilometers from its source to its mouth. The river water yield is about 1,630 bcm per annum, of which only 10 percent are exploited. The length of River Nile in Egypt is 1,530㎞ and the area of the River Nile Basin is 1.3 million square meters. The Basin spreads over ten countries: Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan and Egypt. The volume of water resources in Egypt amounts to approximately 69.7 bcm per annum, used for all purposes. Nile River constitutes more than 95% of Egypt’s total water resources. Egypt’s share of Nile water is 55.5 bcm.   - Due to the establishment of the High Dam in 1964 and the use of its large capacity in continuous water storage, Egypt secured obtaining fixed annual water yield. There are 11 main barrages on the River Nile and its two branches, 17 mouth barrages, that convey water directly from the Nile, and 37 stone barrages built across Rayahs and main canals. The length of waterways that supply Egypt with water is about 35,000㎞.  ○ Underground Water   - Underground water is an important source of fresh water in Egypt; its importance is augmented by the fact that it is the sole and essential source of water in the Egyptian desert that constitutes 95% of Egypt’s total area. Underground water can be used directly without treatment as it is not exposed to pollution, in addition to its constant temperature over the year. Thus, it is a safe source for potable water.   - Within the framework of developing water resources plan that Egypt is carrying out (and ending in 2017), the quantity of underground water aimed to be saved is estimated at 5.9bcm, of which 2.7bcm underground water and 3.2bcm deep underground water.        □ Price of Tap Water  ○ According to Mr. Mohie Eddin El-Serafy, spokesman for the Holding Company for Water and Waste Water (HCWW), from year 1998 to 2006, all Egyptians paid the same tariff of LE 0.23 per cubic metre. In 2006, the government differentiated prices according to consumption, with the lowest segment consisting of those who consume less than 10 cubic metres per month, at a cost of LE 0.23 per cubic metre. The lower segment which pays LE 0.23 per a cubic meter represent 20 percent of water consumers, while others are charged LE 0.70 per cubic meter.  ○ On the other hand, the price of water for non-home use was raised a year ago to LE 2.4 per cubic metre for the industrial sector, LE 1.09 per cubic metre for the services sector, LE 0.95 per cubic metre for commercial use and around LE 1.8 per cubic metre for the touristic sector.  ○ Egyptian households will see the implementation of the first price increase for potable water in eight years this June. According to El-Serafy, the decision to hike prices on drinking water by LE 0.01 per cubic metre was taken six months ago under the previous cabinet led by then-prime minister Hazem El-Beblawi, but it came into effect this month regarding the higher-spending segments of HCWW’s 10 million subscribers nationwide.  ○ The new tariffs will be imposed on subscribers who consume more than 10 cubic meters of water per month, with the new price between LE 0.36 and LE 0.67 per cubic metre. 4. Market Size □ Demand of Water Generator  ○ The solar power fresh water generators are not yet commonly used in Egypt. The demanded generators are mostly the ones used for generating electricity. According to Dr. Mahmoud Madani, Head of Agricultural Research Center and an Expert regarding the agricultural climate techniques, he said that these solar power fresh water generators are not used in Egypt as they are considered to be highly advanced. He added that some researches had been done to apply this technology in Egypt and Egypt will consider applying this technology in the coming two or three years depending on the demand for water. □ Market Size and Prospect of Desalination  ○ In Egypt, desalination plants are mainly located in coastal areas, primarily servicing the tourism sector, as well as the industrial sector, albeit to a lesser extent. However, because of the high cost involved, these plants mostly entail relatively small-scale production volumes. In Egypt, desalination plants are mainly located in coastal areas, primarily servicing the tourism sector, as well as the industrial sector, albeit to a lesser extent. However, because of the high cost involved, these plants mostly entail relatively small-scale production volumes.  ○ Most of desalinated water produced nowadays is used in tourism sector while industry and electricity generation uses 17.4% of the total produced capacity.  ○ According to the Holding Company for Water & Wastewater, the total amount of water produced by sea water source and namely desalination is 0.166 million ㎥/day which represents 0.76% from the total amount of water produced by different sources in Egypt.  ○ Desalination currently forms a small part of the Egyptian water sector, but opportunities are likely to arise for engineering and desalination technology firms to work on new plants associated with power facilities. Evidence of this can be seen in the number of new projects under way or recently completed. Saudi Arabia is lending Egypt US$ 80 mn to rehabilitate the latter's wells. About 315 are to be upgraded using this money. However, particularly notable are the efforts to quickly expand desalination capacity in the coastal areas - for which the authorities are seeking to raise external funding. The main company charged with responsibility for the desalination scheme, HCWW, is seeking to revive the mothballed desalination program during 2013, which should ensure some key opportunities for international developers and advisers with robust risk appetites. One obvious source of funding support will come from the development agencies and multilaterals, and should be made easier once the IMF has finally extended its US$ 4.2 bn loan to the government of Egypt.  ○ Two new desalination plants are to be built on the Mediterranean coast. A number of PPP-based projects are also being considered, though they have been held back while the success of PPPs in the wastewater sector is appraised. Smaller-scale projects are also gaining traction, with financial assistance from multilateral donors such as USAID. In July 2011 the US aid agency signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the North Sinai governorate, which will lead to the construction of three new desalination plants in Central Sinai. 5. Regulations  ○ Since the solar power fresh water generators are not used in the Egyptian market yet, there are no specific regulations regarding the solar power fresh water generators.