(토요모임) [9. Nov. 2019] Saturday meeting topic

[Scarlet]

Howdy !  It's me Scarlett !   

This week we have 3 categories of topics. 

◈ Small talks :

--- Morning Special Global Headlines (2019. Nov. 7. Thu.)

--- Culture of Asia 

◈ Art of living : 

--- TED Talk coaches use this simple trick to keep speakers calm when talking, and it can be used for any public speech

◈ Biotechnological advancement : 

--- The pros and cons of pet cloning. Would you do it?

--- The Science Behind Dog Cloning

--- How to Clone Animals

--- 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning Animals

◈ Fourth Industrial Revolution :

--- These revolutionary technologies are now unused and forgotten

Hope you enjoy the topics. 

With luv 

Scarlett

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Morning Special Global Headlines

(2019. Nov. 7. Thu.)
 

PART 1 (1부) >>
 
▶Touch! Global Headlines
 
HEADLINE 1
The United States and China, ahead of signing their so-called “phase one” trade deal, have started showing different stances regarding tariffs.
 
HEADLINE 2
Ahead of next year’s U.S. presidential election, Democrats have claimed victory in 4 key state elections.
 
HEADLINE 3
Chinese President Xi Jinping and his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron have agreed to strengthen cooperation in various sectors, including trade and finance.
 
HEADLINE 4
Global greenhouse gas emissions rose by 2% last year, with India, the U.S. and China recording the biggest increase rates.
 
HEADLINE 5
Italy has announced that it will make it compulsory for schoolchildren to study climate change and sustainable development.
  
▶News Focus 1
 
According to a recent report, millennials earn 20% less than baby boomers did at the same stage of life. Specifically, median earnings for those 18 to 34 are lower than they were in the 1980s, and the flow of today’s paychecks is less predictable due, in part, to the effects of the Great Recession and a rise in contract and freelance positions that may be less consistent in hours and pay. That’s in spite of overall higher education levels. Nearly 40% of millennials 25 to 37 have at least a bachelor’s degree, compared to just a quarter of baby boomers and 30% of Gen X when they were the same age.
 
-predictable / consistent
  
▶News Focus 2
 
Academy Award-winning actress Jane Fonda has been arrested for a fourth time protesting climate change on Capitol Hill and is spending the night in jail, expecting to appear before the U.S. District Court Saturday morning. Fire Drill Fridays is a weekly protest organized to pressure lawmakers into taking action on doing something about climate change. Fonda's fourth protest centered on promoting women's involvement in the movement. The actress was first arrested on Oct. 11 after she vowed to be arrested every Friday until January to protest climate change.
 
-to pressure lawmakers into / doing something about
  
▶News Focus 3
 
A dozen bottles of fine French wine arrived at the space station Monday, not for the astronauts, but for science. The red Bordeaux wine will age for a year up there before returning to Earth. Researchers will study how weightlessness and space radiation affect the aging process, with an eye on developing new flavors and properties for the food industry. The Cygnus capsule that pulled up to the space station on Monday contains multiple commercial ventures. Also on board: an oven for baking chocolate chip cookies, as well as samples of carbon fiber used by Italy’s Lamborghini in its sports cars.
 

-pulled up / on board

Article source : https://home.ebs.co.kr/morning/board/6/502387/view/10010615879?hmpMnuId=101

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< Questions >

Q1. Do you have any interests in global issues? Which categories of global issues do you have interests currently? What is the main source for global news?  

Q2. What do you think of democrats' claims on next year’s U.S. presidential election?

Q3. According to article, global greenhouse gas emissions rose by 2% last year, with India, the U.S. and China recording the biggest increase rates. What do you think of their attitude towards the global environmental issue? 

Q4. Compared to above nations, Italy has announced that it will make it compulsory for schoolchildren to study climate change and sustainable development. What do you think of those policies? Do you think we can change the world by education? How about Korea government?

Q5. Even though we have better education status compared to the ancestors, millennials are paid lower wage than baby boomers did at the same stage of life. What do you think of those situation? 

Q6. Have you ever struggled and fought with others in order to keep your faith like Academy Award-winning actress Jane Fonda ? 

Q7. According to headline news, a dozen bottles of fine French wine arrived at the space station Monday, not for the astronauts, but for science. Do you have any wine you like? What do you think of food industry in space? 

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Culture of Asia 

Orthographic projection of Asia (image adapted from: Koyos + Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)

The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory. Identification of a specific culture of Asia or universal elements among the colossal diversity that has emanated from multiple cultural spheres and three of the four ancient River valley civilizations is complicated. However, the continent is commonly divided into six geographic sub-regions, that are characterized by perceivable commonalities, like religion, language and relative ethnic homogeneity. These regions are Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia.[1] 

As the largest, most populous continent and rich in resources, Asia is home to several of the world's oldest civilizations, that produced the majority of the great religious systems, the oldest known recorded myths and codices on ethics and morality.[2][3] 

However, Asia's enormous size separates the various civilizations by great distances and hostile environments, such as deserts and mountain ranges. Yet by challenging and overcoming these distances, trade and commerce gradually developed a truly universal, Pan-Asian character. Inter-regional trade was the driving and cohesive force, by which cultural elements and ideas spread to the various sub-regions via the vast road network and the many sea routes.[4]

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Asia

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< Questions >

Q1. Please make a quick summary on the merits and demerits of living in your country.

Q2. What is the most interesting cultural traits of your country compared to other regions? 

Q3. Where have you been in subregion of Asia ?

Q4. Where is the most attractive region for you in Asia ? Why? What do you know about that country? 

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TED Talk coaches use this simple trick to keep speakers calm when talking, and it can be used for any public speech

Ruqayyah Moynihan and Lisa Boerop, Business Insider Nederland/ Aug 17, 2019, 9:47 PM

According to speech coach, Jacqueline Hulleman, speech anxiety is, more than anything, a social fear. TED

- Talking in front of a large group of people, say at a TED Talk, can be quite a nerve-racking experience, even for the most seasoned of speakers.
- There are plenty of tricks you can use to manage your fear of speaking, however — tricks that can be applied to any situation that involves talking in front of a large group of people.
- Curators at TED often reassure their speakers with one simple statement: "Everyone here is on your side."

Talking before any audience can be intimidating but giving a TED talk is a pretty high-pressure situation. A vast array of fascinating, engaging, knowledgable, and talented speakers have walked onto that stage, so it can feel for new speakers as though there's a lot to live up to.

It's no wonder it might feel quite nerve-racking stepping up to the TED stage.

There are plenty of tricks you can try to overcome that, however — tricks that can be applied to any situation that involves talking in front of a large group of people. You could, for instance, adopt a power pose.

You simply stand with your legs apart, keep your arms at your sides, and keep your back straight — the pose is, in fact, effective in boosting your testosterone levels.

The curators at TED often reassure their speakers with one simple sentence:

"Everyone here is on your side." Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design/flickr

The reason this is helpful in situations where you might be feeling a little nervous or stressed is that testosterone can make you feel more powerful, more assertive, better able to deal with criticism, and better able to present yourself.

There are other techniques too. A lot of practice on the same speech, regular meditation, and visualization are popular tips for those who aren't the biggest fans of public speaking and going up on stage.

Ultimately, all these tips won't make you feel any less afraid of speaking. They may quell your nerves, but your fear won't entirely disappear — in the end, you need to find a way to manage your fear if you want to appear to be relaxed on stage.

"Everyone here is on your side."
That's why there are other special techniques employed at TED, according to Quartz. The curators of the conference often reassure their speakers with one simple sentence: "Everyone here is on your side."

It's a pretty nifty technique as it tackles the main cause of speech anxiety and it can be transferred over to any situation. Speech coach Jacqueline Hulleman told Business Insider that speech anxiety is, more than anything, a social fear.

"It's to do with the risk of being rejected, that people will find something negative about you and that you'll no longer belong to the group," she explained.

Many knowledgeable, and talented speakers have given TED talks

so it can feel like there are big shoes to fill for new speakers. Ryan Lash/TED

Presentation coach Ruud Van Den Berg also told Business Insider that, sometimes, speakers fear people will find out that they're not competent enough.

"Maybe you think people will discover you're not good enough, that you don't know everything about a subject, and that they'll see right through you," he explained.

So those are exactly the fears that TED is trying to address. You can easily use that technique yourself, by applying some logic.

If you go somewhere as a speaker, often there will be members among the audience who will have gone to a lot of trouble to see you speak.

Maybe they've had to travel a long way, or they've bought an expensive ticket, or at least, they'll be looking to spend some of their time on you.

Basically, you want to make sure you have something of interest to say and to be a great speaker — and your audience members want that just as much as you do. Essentially, you should be thinking of your audience as your supporters.

Find a friendly face
Are you still finding the whole experience a bit too nerve-racking?

TED curator Chris Anderson told Quartz that it can be helpful to hone in on a few friendly faces among the audience.

"If you can find three or four in different parts of the audience," he said, "give the talk to them, moving your gaze from one to the next in turn. Everyone in the audience will see you connecting and the encouragement you get from those faces will bring you calm and confidence."

Even if you make a mistake, you stammer, or if being nervous stops you getting your words out, it doesn't matter according to Anderson.

"Audiences embrace speakers who are nervous, especially if the speaker can find a way to acknowledge it," he went on. "If you flub or stutter a little in your opening remarks, it's fine to say, 'Oops, sorry, a little nervous here'."

Article source : https://www.businessinsider.com/ted-talk-coaches-trick-keep-speakers-calm-when-talking-2019-8?utm_content=buffer746ac&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer-careers&fbclid=IwAR1jp4efdhgK0k0GK_tHoV-nGqBRq1sW4CoQ6-jLsKvVc50AUFdwNGYAppI

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< Questions > 

Q1. How often do you make a presentation in public? What is the main purpose of public speaking?

Q2. Please describe the procedure while you are preparing your public speaking?

Q3. How many times do you rehearse a speech?

Q4. In tems of public speaking, which is More Important—Content or Delivery?

They’re both important—probably equally so. Content and delivery go hand-in-hand. If your performance is terrible, even the best material will be lost on the audience. And if you’re just trafficking in a bunch of hollow platitudes and “motivational” nonsense, your audience will eventually see there’s “no there there.” So focus on both. And ignore anyone who tells you that “93% of communication is nonverbal.”

Q5. How do you Be Better Prepared to Speak Off the Cuff?

I believe everybody should take an improv class. In my classes at Second City, we had lawyers, accountants, cops, students, retirees—people from all walks of life seeking to have fun and improve themselves.  Improv will help you learn to think on your feet, let go of your internal editor, get over performance anxiety, make connections you might not otherwise see, build on ideas, be more constructive and become a better listener. Google “improv classes”—there’s bound to be a theater troupe, community college or comedy club in your area that offers lessons.

Q6. How Do you Deal with Stage Fright?

Stage fright is equal parts mental and physical. On the mental side, prepare, prepare, prepare. The more you know your material, the more poised you’ll be. On the physical side, warm up your body: stretch your muscles, get the blood flowing and breathe. Here are 10 pointers.

Q7. How Do you Make a Webinar or Conference Call More Lively?

Webinars and teleconferences magnify a speaker’s worst flaws, so you have to work extra hard. Increase your energy, quicken your pace, raise the volume, sit (or stand) up straight, create better visuals, tell better stories. Everything has to be on 11. Check out my 10 tips for giving a riveting webinar.

Q8. How Do you Overcome a Tendency to Say “Um” and “Uh?”

I’ve never been to Toastmasters, but I understand that they tally all yours ums and ahs. I suppose that might be useful if you tend to put one in every sentence. But I’d rather people focus instead on delivering great content with passion, enthusiasm and energy. Human beings occasionally stumble, stutter and hesitate. It’s natural, and presuming your audience is human, they’ll respond positively to a fellow member of the species. In fact, studies show that these verbal stumbles actually strengthen your credibility as a speaker.

Q9. How do you Coordinate a Presentation by Multiple People?

If you want to be viewed as a cohesive group that knows what it’s doing, you need to practice as a group. A client of mine actually schedules table reads for their executives in the weeks leading up to a big meeting. It helps them coordinate their messages and reduce overlap. Group presentations also require clear roles, careful listening, smooth transitions and genuine chemistry. Here are my six tips for presenting as a group.

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The pros and cons of pet cloning. 

Would you do it? | 60 Minutes Australia

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The Science Behind Dog Cloning

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How to Clone Animals

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10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning Animals

by Editor in Chief

Animal cloning describes several different processes that could be used to create an animal that is genetically identical to another. The animal with the copied material is the one which is referred to as a clone.

Cloning can occur naturally, with some bacterium and plants producing offspring asexually. Natural “clones” can occur when a fertilized egg splits, though the DNA is not quite identical, even for identical twins.

Artificial animal cloning involves gene cloning, therapeutic cloning, or reproductive cloning. It is the reproductive cloning process which produces a genetically identical animal.

The primary benefit to consider with the science behind cloning animals is that we can work to produce the best possible animal population. We already work on this through artificial natural selection. By directly transferring genetic material, science could potentially reduce or eliminate the risk of defects or unanticipated mutations.

The disadvantage of cloning animals is that prolonged use of this technology would create a genetic bottleneck. With all animals have nearly the same, if not identical, genetic makeup, the species would be at an increased risk of extinction because of the risks of inbreeding.

Here are additional advantages and disadvantages of cloning animals to consider.

■ List of the Advantages of Cloning Animals
1. This science could help to restore balance to planetary ecosystems.

Our planet is adaptable, but we are discovering that ecosystems within the planet have less flexibility. If an animal goes extinct or leaves because the ecosystem does not support them anymore, the effects on the local area can be quite dramatic. Without wolves, for example, Yellowstone National Park saw a greater erosion of their river beds. Cloning could help us to restore this balance by replenishing or even reintroducing animals that are endangered or extinct.

2. It would improve our food chain supplies.
The United Nations estimates that more than 10 billion people will populate the planet by the year 2050. In 2150, that figure could double to 20 billion people. The taxation on planetary food supplies would be immense. Through animal cloning, we could add more animal protein into the food chain, eliminating some of the pressure that will undoubtedly be placed on croplands in future generations.

3. There could be research benefits.

Animal cloning doesn’t have to involve the entire animal. Certain organs, tissues, or cells could be cloned to facilitate medical or pharmaceutical research. The benefit of doing so would be eliminating the need to place the risk of an animal’s life at risk. Just the cloned cells or tissues could be eval‎uated to determine the effectiveness of a new idea.

4. It could ease grief.

Losing a cat or a dog hurts like it does because they are treated as members of our family. Pets add structure to our routines, keep us active, and can even help us overcome certain obstacles that may be holding us back. Pets give us a purpose. Through animal cloning, we could preserve the memories of a beloved pet, service animal, and family member with an identical animal. It would still be a unique individual, but there would also be some continuity to the emotional process that could ease grief.

5. Identical DNA does not necessarily mean an identical animal.
People will believe what they want to believe about animal cloning. John Woestendiek, who wrote the book Dog Inc.: The Uncanny Inside Story of Cloning Man’s Best Friend, told IO9 in 2012 of a man who believed the soul of his dog “found its way into his clone.” As we saw with Dolly the Sheep, however, an identical animal through nuclear DNA does not mean the animals is a complete, indistinguishable clone.

■ List of the Disadvantages of Cloning Animals
1. The science of cloning is unsuccessful a majority of the time.
Despite the numerous success stories of reproductive animal cloning that began with Dolly the Sheep, 95% of cloning attempts end in failure. Many failed attempts require extensive veterinarian interventions to provide a measure of comfort to the affected animal. Cloning often results in a higher risk of birth defects, impairments, or susceptibility to illness. Even cloned animals that appear healthy have developed unexpected health issues.

2. Cloning is the least reliable form of reproduction.

In bovines, a condition called Large Offspring Syndrome occurs about 6% of the time. It is a condition that is usually fatal to the calf and can affect the mother as well. For bovines that are bred through reproductive cloning, this syndrome has occurred in over half of the total cloning attempts. 1 in 4 bovine clones will also experience a condition called hydrops, which causes the animal to swell with retained fluid.

3. Diversity loss eventually changes the species anyway.

The term “genetic bottleneck” is used to describe the loss of diversity within a specific species. A lack of genetic variation creates a reduced resiliency for the offspring in that species. Lethal genetic disorders are more likely to occur. It can occur naturally. Cheetahs, for example, share 99% of their genetics with other members of their species. In reproductive cloning, however, it would become 100%. To eliminate diversity loss, a similar species would need to be introduced to the genetic pool which would change the future course of the animal anyway.

4. There is the potential of a slippery slope.

When Star Trek premiered in the 1960s, one of their fictional historical accounts of Earth’s past include the “Genetics Wars” of the 1990s that involved cloning and genetic manipulation. Although we haven’t officially worked on cloning humans yet, the science of cloning animals could be very similar to the science of human cloning. The ethical, spiritual, and scientific implications of such science creates a slippery slope for society. Would cloned humans be held in higher regard? In a lower regard? Would they attempt to take over the world and rule it as they did in Star Trek?

5. It isn’t cheap.
According to Viagen Pets, the cost to produce a genetic twin to a cat is currently $25,000. The cost to clone a dog is listed at $50,000. The exact cost of cloning Dolly the Sheep has never been publicly released, but is estimated to have cost nearly $1 million. Grace Links reports the cost to clone a cow at $20,000. A company in Texas sells cloned horses for up to $150,000 per animal.
The advantages and disadvantages of animal cloning show us that we can learn a lot from the science behind this process. With careful study and implementation, it could be a beneficial component of life here on our planet. If poorly supervised or implemented without good intent, it could also be a scientific process that could harm our very future.

About the Author of this Article
Natalie Regoli is a seasoned writer, who is also our editor-in-chief. Vittana's goal is to publish high quality content on some of the biggest issues that our world faces. If you would like to contact Natalie, then go here to send her a message.

Article source: https://vittana.org/10-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cloning-animals

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< Questions > 

Q1. Do you have a pet? Please tell me about your pet ! 

Q2. If your loved pet was dead, would you use pet cloning tech.? How much money would you pay for cloning? 

Q3. If your loved one has been passed away, would you apply this tech. to him or her? Why? why not? 

Q4. Do you think scientists should be allowed to clone people?

Q5. What if science could clone famous people like Albert Einstein or Leonardo Da Vinci? Who do you want to clone? 

Q6. Would you want to have a clone of yourself?

Q7. If we could clone dinosaurs like Jurassic Park, would you want to?

Q8. Could cloning people lead to problems? What kinds of problems?

Q9. What problems could cloning people solve?

Q10. What do you think cloning will be like in the future? Will cloning stop or expand?

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These revolutionary technologies are now

unused and forgotten

08 Oct 2019 / Katharine Rooney/ Senior Writer, Formative Content

Can you identify the technologies on display?

Japan’s last pager has emitted its final beep.
Tokyo Telemessage, the country’s only remaining pager provider, shut down its radio signals this week, following decades of dwindling subscribers. 

Pagers first went on sale in Japan in the 1960s and were known as pokeberu, or "pocket bells”. They were a popular way of contacting someone on the go. Callers could send a short message by dialling a pager number from a landline.

The device was initially used to reach salespeople who were out on the road, but later became a status symbol, clipped to the belts of city workers to demonstrate industriousness.

By the end of the 1980s, there were 60 million pager users worldwide. But within a decade, its popularity was rapidly overtaken by the mobile phone. In the UK, 86% of kids over six-years-old in the UK are now unable to identify a pager.

Here are three other inventions that have gone the way of the dodo.

1) The portable cassette player
The Sony Walkman revolutionized music when it was introduced in 1979. Rather than carrying around a full-sized tape recorder, people were able to plug in lightweight headphones, pop in a cassette and listen to their favourite music on the go. By 1992, Sony had sold 100 million units. As a mark of its cultural influence, the word “Walkman” was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.

The original machine weighed just under half a kilogramme and later came in solar-powered and water-resistant models. Its chunky shape is a long way from the palm-of-your-hand, lightweight devices we are used to today. But in popularizing technology to be used on the move, it paved the way for innovations such as the iPod and the smartphone. 

2) The floppy disk
In the mid-1990s, more than 5 billion floppy disks were sold around the world every year. Today, there’s a whole generation that may never even have seen one.

First produced by IBM in the 1970s, floppy disks were key to the growth of the software industry. Instead of personal computer owners having to write their own software applications for computing tasks like word processing, programs could be loaded on to the disks and sold to consumers. Users could also save their work on to disks, so that documents could be transferred between computers.

Floppy disks haven’t been produced since 2011, but their legacy remains in the form of downloadable software and internet-shareable files.

3) The video cassette recorder
Now that most television channels have catch-up services, there’s little need to pre-record your favourite shows. But that’s just what people used to do with video cassette recorders (VCRs). Through a combination of handy magnetic video tapes and programming that took an entire manual to understand, no one ever had to miss an episode.

The last VCRs rolled off the production line in 2016, changing not only viewing habits, but the future of movie rental chains like Blockbuster. Video cassettes were superseded by DVD, online rental firms rose to prominence and then streaming services transformed the industry forever. 

In the 1990s, there were 9,000 Blockbuster stores around the world. There is now just one, in the American city of Bend, Oregon, where nostalgic patrons continue to take in films the old-fashioned way.

Article source : https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/obsolete-technology-pager-japan-walkman-floppy-disk-vcr?fbclid=IwAR0x4mJHegbFExPQ99WCddVV6g9USvs1d2d9YbnxzxjMfNcOjaw2XOnyjr0

 What was the most revolutionary technology in the past which is unused or disappeared now?

Q2. What do you think has been the most important new invention in the last 50 years?

Q3. Are you an early adopter? Do you like to have cutting edge technology? Are there any disadvantages to buying the latest product?

Q4. Some people prefer to live with less technology in their lives. Can you understand the desire to live a simpler life?

Q5. Is technology developing faster than it used to? Are you worried about being left behind?

Q6. How will computers change in the future?

Q7. How can countries help to create more inventors?

Q8. What do you think will be the next biggest technological advance?

Q9. Is there a piece of technology that you really want that doesn’t exist? (i.e. flying cars, teleportation, etc.)

Q10. Do you feel comfortable with the idea of Artificial Intelligence (that robots can think)?

Q11. Many science fiction movies present a dark vision of the future. Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the future of humanity?