전신 약어 및 Q 시그널 등

[6K2ECY]

CW ABBREVIATIONS

AA -       All after <AA>    End Of Line AB -       All before ABT -     About ADEE -   Addressee ADR -     Address ADS -     Address AGN -     Again AM -      Amplitude Modulation ANI -      Any ANS -     Answer ANT -     Antenna <AR>    End of message <AS>    Stand by; wait <AT> - used for the @ sign for E-Mail Addresses New proposal is AC run together	BCI -     Broadcast Interference BCL -    Broadcast Listener BCNU - Be seeing you BD -      Bad BK -     Break, Break in BN -     All between; Been <BT>    Separation (break) between address and text; between text and signature.  BTH  Both  BTR -   Better BTW -  By The Way BUG -  Semi-Automatic key BURO -Bureau B4 -     Before	C -       Yes, Correct CB -     CallBook CBA - Callbook Address CFM -  Confirm‎; I confirm‎ CK -    Ckeck CKT -  Circuit CL -     I am closing my station; Call CLBK - Callbook CLD -  Called CLG -  Calling CMG - Coming CNT -  Can't CONDX - Conditions CPI -   Copy CQ -    Calling any station CRD -  Card CS -     Call Sign CU -    See You CUAGN - See You Again CUD  - Could CUL -  See You later CUM - Come CUZ -  Because CW -   Continuous wave
DA -     Day DE -     From, This Is DIFF -  Difference DLD -   Delivered DLVD - Delivered DN -     Down DR -     Dear DSW -  Russian CW abbreviation for goodbye.  DWN -  Down DX -     Distance	EL -     Element ES -     And ENUF - Enough EU -     Europe EVE -  Evening	FB -     Fine Business, excellent FER -   For  FM -    Frequency Modulation: From FONE - Phone FQ -     Frequency Freq -- Frequency FWD -- Forward
GA -     Go ahead; Good Afternoon GB -     Good bye, God Bless GD -     Good, Good Day GE -     Good Evening GESS - Guess GG -     Going GLD -- Glad GM -    Good morning GN -     Good night GND -   Ground GP --    Ground Plane GS -     Green Stamp GUD -   Good GV -     Give GVG -  Giving	<HH> Error in sending HI - The telegraph laugh; High HPE -   Hope HQ -    Headquarters HR -    Here; Hear, Hour HRD -  Heard HRS -  Hours HRD -- Heard HV -    Have HVG - Having HVY - Heavy HW -   How, How Copy?	II  --     I Repeat <II> Short form of <HH> <IMI> -    Repeat, Say Again INFO - Info JA -    Japanese Station K -       Invitation To Transmit KA    Beginning of message KLIX - KeyClicks KN    Go only, invite a specific station to transmit
LID -     A poor operator LNG -   Long LP -     Long Path LSN -   Listen LTR -   Later; letter LV -     Leave LVG -  Leaving LW -    Long Wire., Long Wave	MA -    Millamperes MGR -  Manager MI -     My  MILL - Typewiter MILS -  Millamperes MNI -    Many MOM - Moment MSG -  Message; Prefix to radiogram MULT - Multiplier	N -       No, Negative, Incorrect, No More N -       Nine (as in Signal Report) NCS -  Net Control Station ND -     Nothing Doing  NIL -    Nothing; I have nothing for you;   Not In Log NM -    No more <NR> -     Number, Near NW -    Now; I resume transmission
OB -    Old boy OC -    Old chap OK -    Correct OM -    Old man OP -    Operator OPR -  Operator OT -    Old timer; Old top OW -   Old Woman	PBL -    Preamble PKG -    Package PSE -    Please PT -      Point PWR -   Power PX -      Press, Prefix	R -       Received as transmitted; Are; R -       Decimal Point  (with numbers)  RC -     Ragchew RCD -   Received RCVR - Receiver RE -     Concerning; Regarding REF -   Refer to; Referring to; Reference RFI -    Radio frequency interference RIG -    Station equipment ROTFL - Rolling on the floor laughing RPT -   Repeat, Report RTTY - Radio teletype RST -   Readability, strength, tone RX -     Receive, Receiver
SA -        Say SASE -    Self-addressed, stamped envelope SED -      Said SAE -     Self-Addressed Envelope SEZ -      Says SGD -     Signed SHUD -   Should  SIG -      Signature; Signal SINE -    Operator's personal initials or nickname <SK>    Out; clear (end of communications, no reply expected.)  SK -       Silent Key SKED -   Schedule SN -       Soon SP -       Short Path SRI -      Sorry SS -       Sweepstakes SSB -     Single Side Band STN -     Station SUM -    Some SVC -     Service; Prefix to service message SWL -   Short Wave Listener /ST short timer on check in	T -         Zero (with numbers)  TEMP - Temperature TEST - Testing or Contest TFC -    Traffic TIA -     Thanks In Advance TMW -  Tomorrow TKS -    Thanks TNX -    Thanks TR -      Transmit T/R -     Transmit/Receive TRBL - Trouble TRIX -   Tricks TRX -    Transceiver TT -      That TTS -    That is TU -      Thank you TVI -     Television interference TX -      Transmitter; Transmit TXT -    Text	U -        You UFB -    Ultra Fine Business UNLIS - Unlicensed  UR -      Your; You're URL -    Universal Resource Locator              Address For a WebPage URS -    Yours
VE    Understood (VE)  VERT - Vertical VFB -    Very fine business VFO -    Variable Frequency Oscillator VY -      Very	W -     Watts WA -   Word after WATSA - What Say WB -    Word before WD -   Word WDS -  Words WID -   With WKD -  Worked WKG -  Working WL -    Well; Will WPM - Words Per Minute WRD - Word WRK - Work WUD - Would WW -  Would WX-    Weather	XCVR -    Transceiver XMAS -   Christmas XMTR -    Transmitter XTAL -     Crystal XYL -        Wife
YF -Wife YL -   Young lady YR -   Year Z - Zulu Time	30 -   I have no more to send 33 -  Fondest Regards 55 -  Best Success 73 -   Best Regards (NOT 73'S) * 88 -   Love and kisses (NOT 88'S) 161 - 73+88=161" first came about in FOC circles (First-Class CW Operators' Club, founded by Louis Varney G5RV a number of years ago). The essential meaning is "Best regards to you and your XYL".	? question (like QRL?)

* 73 IS BEST REGARDS.   73'S (PLURAL) MAKES NO SENSE AND IS IMPROPER USE.

The RST (Readability-Strength-Tone) System

The RST System of Signal Reporting has been used for years (circa 1934) as a shorthand method of reporting Readability, Signal Strength and for CW, Tone (i.e., quality of the CW tone). For voice contacts only the R and S are used. The S component is usually not the same as your S-Meter reading as most S-Meters aren't calibrated to track the RST System. The RST is also reported on QSL Cards and must be filled in correctly -- e.g., a 569 report for a Voice Contact is invalid. Note that many DX operations and contest stations merely report 59(9) as a convenience to avoid having to log each of the real reports. A questionable practice but a fact of DXing/Contesting

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READABILITY
1 -- Unreadable
2 -- Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable
3 -- Readable with considerable difficulty
4 -- Readable with practically no difficulty
5 -- Perfectly readable

SIGNAL STRENGTH
1 -- Faint signals, barely perceptible
2 -- Very weak signals
3 -- Weak signals
4 -- Fair signals
5 -- Fairly good signals
6 -- Good signals
7 -- Moderately strong signals
8 -- Strong signals
9 -- Extremely strong signals

TONE 1 -- Sixty cycle a.c. or less, very rough and broad
2 -- Very rough a.c. , very harsh and broad
3 -- Rough a.c. tone, rectified but not filtered
4 -- Rough note, some trace of filtering
5 -- Filtered rectified a.c.but strongly ripple-modulated
6 -- Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation
7 -- Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulation
8 -- Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation
9 -- Perfect tone, no trace of ripple or modulation of any kind

Infrequently used is the addition of a letter to the end of the 3 numbers.
These are: X = the signal is rock steady like a crystal controlled signal;
C = the signal is chirpy as the frequency varies slightly with keying;
and K = the signal has key clicks.

X is from the early days of radio when such steady signals were rare.

Today most all signals could be given an X but it is hardly ever used. It is helpful to report a chirpy or clicky signal by using the C or K, e.g. 579C or 579K.

It is very common to send RST reports in abbreviated form, for example 599, is sent as 5NN. "N" in place of the number "9". Also another time saver is for the zero using a long "T". "T" is sent in place of the number zero as in "POWER HR IS 3TT WATTS". There is a number code for all numbers, however,  the N and T codes are the most common ones.
Also CW stations sometimes report their zones as "A4" or "A5" instead of sending "14" or "15".

1 = A,   2 = U,   3 = V,   4 = 4,   5 = E,   6 = 6,   7 = B,   8 = D,   9 = N,   0 = T

Ham Radio - CW International Q-Signals

Q-Signal	CW Meaning	Q-Signal	CW Meaning
QRA	What is your call sign? (call sign)	QSA	What is my signal strength? (1-5)
QRG	What is my exact frequency? (this freq)	QSB	Are my signals fading? (signals are fading)
QRH	Does my frequency vary?	QSD	Is my keying defective?
QRI	What is my signal tone quality? (1-3)	QSG	Shall I send __ messages at a time?
QRK	What is my signal intelligibility? (1-5)	QSK	Can you work break-in? (break-in operation)
QRL	Are you (or this freq) busy? (This freq. is busy)	QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt? (I confirm‎ receipt of message)
QRM	Is my transmission being interfered with? (signal interference)	QSM	Shall I repeat the last message I sent?
QRN	Are you troubled by static? (static, atmospheric noise)	QSO	Can you communicate with this station? (radio contact between stations)
QRO	Shall I increase transmitter power? (increase power, high powered)	QSP	Will you relay to __?
QRP	Shall I decrease transmitter power? (decrease power, low powered)	QST	A general call preceding messages to all radio operators (info, news).
QRQ	Shall I send faster?	QSV	Shall I send a series of V's?
QRS	Shall I send slower? (send slower)	QSW	Will you transmit on __?
QRT	Shall I stop sending? (stop transmitting)	QSX	Will you listen on __ (freq)?
QRU	Do you have any messages for me? (I have no messages for you)	QSY	Shall I change frequency? (change frequency)
QRV	Are you ready? (I am ready to transmit)	QSZ	Shall I send each word/group more than once?
QRW	Shall I tell __ (callsign) you're calling him?	QTH	What is your location? (station location)
QRX	When will you call me again? (wait, standby)	QTR	What is your correct time?
QRZ	Who is calling me? (anyone answering my transmission)	QTX	Will you keep your station open for further communication with me?

[HL3LMS(산토끼)]

**우~우 너무좋은자료입니다,,, A1클럽의 자산입니다,,,, 편집하신분 고생많으셨읍니다,,,

[DS1UMQ]

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