Summary of the Book of 1 Samuel 사무엘상서 요약

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Summary of the Book of 1 Samuel

Author: The author is anonymous. We know that Samuel wrote a book (1 Samuel 10:25), and it is very possible that he wrote part of this book as well. Other possible contributors to 1 Samuel are the prophets/historians Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29).
사무엘상서 요약
저자: 저자는 익명입니다. 우리는 사무엘이 책을 썼다는 것을 알고 있으며(사무엘상 10:25), 그가 이 책의 일부도 썼을 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 사무엘상서의 다른 공헌자로는 선지자/역사가인 나단과 갓(역대상 29:29)이 있습니다.

Date of Writing: Originally, the books of 1 and 2 Samuel were one book. The translators of the Septuagint separated them, and we have retained that separation ever since. The events of 1 Samuel span approximately 100 years, from c. 1100 B.C. to c. 1000 B.C. The events of 2 Samuel cover another 40 years. The date of writing, then, would be sometime after 960 B.C.
기록 날짜: 원래 사무엘상하 1장과 2장은 한 권의 책이었습니다. 칠십인역의 번역가들은 이 두 책을 분리했고, 그 이후로 지금까지 그 구분을 유지하고 있습니다. 사무엘상서의 사건은 주전 1100년경부터 주전 1000년경까지 약 100년에 걸쳐 일어나며, 사무엘하에서는 40년 동안의 사건이 더 다뤄집니다. 따라서 기록 날짜는 주전 960년 이후가 될 것입니다.

Purpose of Writing: First Samuel records the history of Israel in the land of Canaan as they move from the rule of judges to being a unified nation under kings. Samuel emerges as the last judge, and he anoints the first two kings, Saul and David.
기록 목적: 사무엘상은 가나안 땅에서 이스라엘이 사사들의 통치에서 왕의 통치 아래 통일 국가로 나아가는 역사를 기록합니다. 사무엘은 마지막 사사로 등장하여 최초의 두 왕인 사울과 다윗에게 기름을 붓습니다.

Key Verses:
“But when they said, ‘Give us a king to lead us,’ this displeased Samuel; so he prayed to the LORD. And the LORD told him: ‘Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king’” (1 Samuel 8:6-7).
핵심 구절:
"그러나 그들이 '우리를 인도할 왕을 우리에게 주십시오'라고 말하자 사무엘은 불쾌해져서 여호와께 기도했다. 여호와께서 그에게 말씀하시기를, '백성이 네게 말하는 모든 것을 들어라, 그들이 너를 거부한 것이 아니라 나를 그들의 왕으로 거부한 것이다'(사무엘상 8:6-7)."(사무엘상 8:6-7).

“’You acted foolishly,’ Samuel said. ‘You have not kept the command the LORD your God gave you; if you had, he would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time. But now your kingdom will not endure; the LORD has sought out a man after his own heart and appointed him leader of his people, because you have not kept the LORD’s command’” (1 Samuel 13:13-14).
"'당신은 어리석게 행동했습니다." 사무엘이 말했습니다. '너희는 너희의 하나님 여호와께서 너희에게 주신 명령을 지키지 않았으니, 만일 지켰다면 여호와께서 이스라엘 위에 너희의 왕국을 영원히 세우셨을 것이다. 그러나 이제 당신의 왕국은 오래가지 못할 것입니다. 당신이 여호와의 명령을 지키지 않았기 때문에 여호와께서 자기 마음에 맞는 사람을 찾아서 자기 백성의 지도자로 세우셨습니다'"(사무엘상 13:13-14).

“But Samuel replied: ‘Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying the voice of the LORD? To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, he has rejected you as king’" (1 Samuel 15:22-23).
"그러나 사무엘은 '여호와께서 번제와 제사를 여호와의 말씀에 순종하는 것만큼이나 기뻐하십니까? 순종하는 것이 제사보다 낫고, 청종하는 것이 숫양의 기름보다 낫습니다. 반역은 점치는 죄와 같고 오만은 우상숭배의 악과 같기 때문입니다. 당신이 주님의 말씀을 거역하였으므로 주님께서 당신을 왕으로 인정하지 않으셨습니다."(사무엘상 15:22-23).

Brief Summary: The book of 1 Samuel can be neatly divided into two sections: the life of Samuel (chapters 1-12) and the life of Saul (chapters 13-31).
간략한 요약: 사무엘상은 사무엘의 생애(1-12장)와 사울의 생애(13-31장)의 두 부분으로 깔끔하게 나눌 수 있습니다.

The book starts with the miraculous birth of Samuel in answer to his mother’s earnest prayer. As a child, Samuel lived and served in the temple. God singled him out as a prophet (3:19-21), and the child’s first prophecy was one of judgment on the corrupt priests.
이 책은 어머니의 간절한 기도에 대한 응답으로 사무엘이 기적적으로 태어나는 것으로 시작됩니다. 사무엘은 어렸을 때 성전에서 살며 봉사했습니다. 하나님께서는 그를 선지자로 선택하셨고(3:19-21), 그의 첫 번째 예언은 부패한 제사장들에 대한 심판에 관한 것이었습니다.

The Israelites go to war with their perennial enemies, the Philistines. The Philistines capture the ark of the covenant and are in temporary possession of it, but when the Lord sends judgment, the Philistines return the ark. Samuel calls Israel to repentance (7:3-6) and then to victory over the Philistines.
이스라엘 백성들은 영원한 적인 블레셋과 전쟁을 벌입니다. 블레셋이 언약궤를 강점하여 일시적으로 소유하게 되지만, 주님께서 심판을 내리시자 블레셋은 궤를 돌려보냅니다. 사무엘은 이스라엘에게 회개를 촉구하고(7:3-6), 블레셋에 대한 승리를 선포합니다.

The people of Israel, wanting to be like other nations, desire a king. Samuel is displeased by their demands, but the Lord tells him that it is not Samuel’s leadership they are rejecting, but His own. After warning the people of what having a king would mean, Samuel anoints a Benjamite named Saul, who is crowned in Mizpah (10:17-25).
이스라엘 백성들은 다른 나라들처럼 되기를 원하며 왕을 원합니다. 사무엘은 그들의 요구에 불만을 품지만, 주님은 그들이 거부하는 것은 사무엘의 리더십이 아니라 주님 자신의 리더십이라고 말씀하십니다. 사무엘은 백성들에게 왕이 있다는 것이 어떤 의미인지 경고한 후 베냐민 사람 사울에게 기름을 부어 미스바에서 왕위에 오르게 합니다(10:17-25).

Saul enjoys initial success, defeating the Ammonites in battle (chapter 11). But then he makes a series of missteps: he presumptuously offers a sacrifice (chapter 13), he makes a foolish vow at the expense of his son Jonathan (chapter 14), and he disobeys the Lord’s direct command (chapter 15). As a result of Saul’s rebellion, God chooses another to take Saul’s place. Meanwhile, God removes His blessing from Saul, and an evil spirit begins goading Saul toward madness (16:14).
사울은 전투에서 암몬 족속을 물리치고 초반에는 성공을 거둡니다(11장). 하지만 그 후 사울은 일련의 실수를 저지릅니다: 주제넘게 제사를 드리고(13장), 아들 요나단을 희생시키면서까지 어리석은 서원을 하고(14장), 주님의 직접적인 명령에 불순종합니다(15장). 사울의 반역의 결과로 하나님은 사울을 대신할 다른 사람을 선택하십니다. 그 사이 하나님은 사울에게 내리신 축복을 거두시고, 악령이 사울을 광기로 이끌기 시작합니다(16:14).

Samuel travels to Bethlehem to anoint a youth named David as the next king (chapter 16). Later, David has his famous confrontation with Goliath the Philistine and becomes a national hero (chapter 17). David serves in Saul’s court, marries Saul’s daughter, and is befriended by Saul’s son. Saul himself grows jealous of David’s success and popularity, and he attempts to kill David. David flees, and so begins an extraordinary period of adventure, intrigue, and romance. With supernatural aid, David narrowly but consistently eludes the bloodthirsty Saul (chapters 19-26). Through it all, David maintains his integrity and his friendship with Jonathan.
사무엘은 베들레헴으로 가서 다윗이라는 청년에게 기름을 부어 차기 왕으로 세웁니다(16장). 이후 다윗은 블레셋 사람 골리앗과 유명한 대결을 벌이고 국민적 영웅이 됩니다(17장). 다윗은 사울의 궁정에서 봉사하고 사울의 딸과 결혼하며 사울의 아들과 친구가 됩니다. 사울은 다윗의 성공과 인기에 질투심을 느끼고 다윗을 죽이려고 시도합니다. 다윗은 도망치면서 모험과 음모, 로맨스가 가득한 특별한 시기가 시작됩니다. 다윗은 초자연적인 도움으로 피에 굶주린 사울을 간신히, 그러나 지속적으로 피해갑니다(19~26장). 이 모든 과정을 통해 다윗은 자신의 진실성과 조나단과의 우정을 유지합니다.

Near the end of the book, Samuel has died, and Saul is a lost man. On the eve of a battle with Philistia, Saul seeks for answers. Having rejected God, he finds no help from heaven, and he seeks counsel from a medium instead. During the seance, Samuel’s spirit rises from the dead to give one last prophecy: Saul would die in battle the next day. The prophecy is fulfilled; Saul’s three sons, including Jonathan, fall in battle, and Saul commits suicide.
책이 끝날 무렵 사무엘은 죽고 사울은 길을 잃은 사람이 됩니다. 블레셋과의 전투 전날, 사울은 답을 찾습니다. 신을 거부한 그는 하늘의 도움을 받지 못하고 대신 영매에게 조언을 구합니다. 집회 도중 사무엘의 영혼이 죽음에서 부활하여 마지막 예언을 합니다: 사울은 다음 날 전투에서 죽을 것이라는 예언이었습니다. 요나단을 포함한 사울의 세 아들은 전투에서 전사하고 사울은 자살합니다.

Foreshadowings: The prayer of Hannah in 1 Samuel 2:1-10 makes several prophetic references to Christ. She extols God as her Rock (v. 2), and we know from the gospel accounts that Jesus is the Rock upon whom we should build our spiritual houses. Paul refers to Jesus as the “rock of offense” to the Jews (Romans 9:33). Christ is called the “spiritual Rock” who provided spiritual drink to the Israelites in the wilderness just as He provides “living water” to our souls (1 Corinthians 10:4; John 4:10). Hannah’s prayer also makes reference to the Lord who will judge the ends of the earth (v. 2:10), while Matthew 25:31-32 refers to Jesus as the Son of Man who will come in glory to judge everyone.
예표: 사무엘상 2:1-10에 나오는 한나의 기도는 그리스도에 대한 몇 가지 예언적 언급을 하고 있습니다. 그녀는 하나님을 반석으로 찬양하며(2절), 우리는 복음서 기록을 통해 예수님이 우리가 영적인 집을 지어야 할 반석이라는 것을 알고 있습니다. 바울은 예수님을 유대인들에게 "걸림돌"이라고 언급합니다(롬 9:33). 그리스도는 우리 영혼에 "생수"를 공급하시는 것처럼 광야에서 이스라엘 백성에게 영적 음료를 공급하신 "영적 반석"이라고 불립니다(고전 10:4; 요한 4:10). 한나의 기도에서도 땅 끝을 심판하실 주님을 언급하고 있으며(2:10절), 마태복음 25:31-32에서는 예수님을 영광 중에 오셔서 모든 사람을 심판하실 인자로 언급하고 있습니다.

Practical Application: The tragic story of Saul is a study in wasted opportunity. Here was a man who had it all—honor, authority, riches, good looks, and more. Yet he died in despair, terrified of his enemies and knowing he had failed his nation, his family, and his God.
실제 적용: 사울의 비극적인 이야기는 기회 낭비에 대한 연구입니다. 명예, 권위, 재력, 외모 등 모든 것을 다 갖춘 한 남자가 있었습니다. 그러나 그는 국가와 가족, 신에게 실패했다는 사실을 알고 적들을 두려워하며 절망 속에서 죽었습니다.

Saul made the mistake of thinking he could please God through disobedience. Like many today, he believed that a sensible motive will compensate for bad behavior. Perhaps his power went to his head, and he began to think he was above the rules. Somehow he developed a low opinion of God’s commands and a high opinion of himself. Even when confronted with his wrongdoing, he attempted to vindicate himself, and that’s when God rejected him (15:16-28).
사울은 불순종을 통해 하나님을 기쁘시게 할 수 있다고 생각하는 실수를 저질렀습니다. 오늘날 많은 사람들이 그러하듯 사울도 합당한 동기가 나쁜 행동을 보상해 줄 것이라고 믿었습니다. 아마도 그는 자신의 권력이 너무 커져서 자신이 규칙 위에 있다고 생각하기 시작했을 것입니다. 어떻게 된 일인지 그는 하나님의 명령에 대해서는 낮게 평가하고 자신에 대해서는 높게 평가하게 되었습니다. 자신의 잘못에 직면했을 때에도 그는 자신을 변호하려 했고, 바로 그때 하나님은 그를 거절하셨습니다(15:16-28).

Saul’s problem is one we all face—a problem of the heart. Obedience to God’s will is necessary for success, and if we in pride rebel against Him, we set ourselves up for loss.
사울의 문제는 우리 모두가 직면하는 문제, 즉 마음의 문제입니다. 성공하려면 하나님의 뜻에 순종해야 하며, 교만하여 그분을 거역하면 실패의 길을 걷게 됩니다.

David, on the other hand, did not seem like much at first. Even Samuel was tempted to overlook him (16:6-7). But God sees the heart and saw in David a man after His own heart (13:14). The humility and integrity of David, coupled with his boldness for the Lord and his commitment to prayer, set a good example for all of us.
반면에 다윗은 처음에는 별 볼일 없어 보였습니다. 사무엘조차도 그를 간과하고 싶은 유혹을 받았습니다(16:6-7). 그러나 하나님은 마음을 보시는 분이시기에 다윗에게서 자신의 마음을 닮은 사람을 보셨습니다(13:14). 다윗의 겸손과 성실함, 그리고 주님을 향한 담대함과 기도에 대한 헌신은 우리 모두에게 좋은 본보기가 됩니다.

FOR FURTHER STUDYFirst Book of Samuel: New International Commentary on the Old Testament by David Tsumura1st & 2nd Samuel, New American Commentary by Robert BergenMore insights from your Bible study - Get Started with Logos Bible Software for Free!

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Bible Book Summary

1 Samuel Summary
by Jay Smith

성경 요약
사무엘상 요약
by 제이 스미스

1st Samuel is a story of Narrative History and includes a great deal of Drama. It is written by the last of the Judges for which the book is named, Samuel. It was written at about 930 B.C. Key personalities include Eli, Hannah, Samuel, Saul, Jonathan, and David. It was written to show Israel how they chose a king but in the process, they blatantly neglected and abandoned God.

사무엘상은 서사적 역사 이야기이며 많은 드라마를 포함하고 있습니다. 이 책의 이름을 딴 사사기 중 마지막 사사인 사무엘이 기록했습니다. 주전 930년경에 쓰여졌으며 주요 인물로는 엘리, 한나, 사무엘, 사울, 요나단, 다윗 등이 있습니다. 이 책은 이스라엘이 어떻게 왕을 선택했지만 그 과정에서 하나님을 노골적으로 무시하고 버렸는지를 보여주기 위해 쓰여졌습니다.

•    In chapters 1-7, Samuel is born to Hannah as a Nazirite, dedicate to God. Soon after, Samuel was brought to the tabernacle to serve God. During this time, the Israelites are in a vicious battle with the Philistines and they lose the Ark of the Covenant, which is captured by the Philistines. Struck down by deadly plagues, the Philistine are happy to return it to the rightful owner in an oxcart pulled by two cows.

- 1-7장에서 사무엘은 한나에게서 하나님께 헌신하는 나실인으로 태어납니다. 얼마 지나지 않아 사무엘은 하나님을 섬기기 위해 성막으로 이끌려갑니다. 이 기간 동안 이스라엘 백성들은 블레셋과 치열한 전투를 벌이고 언약궤를 블레셋에 빼앗기게 됩니다. 치명적인 재앙에 시달리던 블레셋은 소 두 마리가 끄는 소달구지를 타고 언약궤를 정당한 주인에게 기꺼이 돌려줍니다.

•    From chapters 8-15, the Israelites select, who they believe, will be a great king. Samuel anoints Saul to be king and although things go well at first, as usual, trouble looms in the near future. Due to continuous bad decisions and direct disobedience to God’s will, Samuel informs Saul that God has rejected him as the rightful King.

- 8장부터 15장까지, 이스라엘 백성들은 위대한 왕이 될 것으로 믿는 사람을 선택합니다. 사무엘은 사울에게 기름을 부어 왕이 되게 하고, 여느 때와 마찬가지로 처음에는 모든 일이 순조롭게 진행되지만 머지않아 문제가 닥칩니다. 계속되는 잘못된 결정과 하나님의 뜻에 대한 직접적인 불순종으로 인해 사무엘은 사울에게 하나님이 그를 정당한 왕으로 인정하지 않으셨음을 알립니다.

•    In Chapters 16-31, God selects His King who is David, and he is called, “a man after God’s own heart” (13:14). Samuel anoints David as a young boy, and several years later stands up to a Philistine giant in front of both the armies of the Israelites and Philistines. With God as his protector, David drops the oversized soldier with one simple stone claiming victory for Israel and displaying true leadership. Saul, eaten away by envy and jealousy and driven by hate, begins to pursue David in fear of losing his throne. Although David could have easily taken his life twice, he respected his king in a Godly manner. In the end, Saul tragically takes his own life while losing on the battlefield.

- 16~31장에서 하나님은 다윗을 왕으로 선택하시고, 그를 "하나님의 마음에 합한 사람"(13:14)이라고 부르십니다. 사무엘은 어린 소년 다윗에게 기름을 부어주고, 몇 년 후 다윗은 이스라엘 군대와 블레셋 군대 앞에서 블레셋의 거인과 맞섭니다. 하나님을 보호자로 모신 다윗은 돌멩이 하나로 거인을 쓰러뜨리며 이스라엘의 승리를 선언하고 진정한 리더십을 발휘합니다. 시기와 질투에 사로잡혀 증오에 사로잡힌 사울은 왕좌를 잃을까 두려워 다윗을 추격하기 시작합니다. 다윗은 쉽게 두 번이나 목숨을 잃을 수 있었지만 경건한 태도로 왕을 존중했습니다. 결국 사울은 전쟁터에서 패배하고 비극적으로 스스로 목숨을 끊습니다.

Summaries Courtesy of the Ultimate Bible Summary Collection

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