have+pp 현재완료
https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/present-perfect/
* have+pp라는 간단한 구조에 여러 가지 서로 다른 의미가 있으므로
문장에 쓰인 다른 수식어와 문맥을 통하여 적당한 의미를 추정해야 함
1. 결과 표현
Actions started in the past and continuing in the present 과거에서 시작하여 지금도 계속됨
They haven't lived here for years.
She has worked in the bank for five years.
We have had the same car for ten years.
Have you played the piano since you were a child?
since나 for를 통하여 기간임을 추정함
2. 기간 표현
When the time period referred to has not finished 그 기간이 아직 안 끝남
I have worked hard this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
today, this week 등을 통하여 불특정의 시간대임을 추정함
3. 불특정 기간 동안 동작이 반복됨을 표현
Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
They have seen that film six times
It has happened several times already.
She has visited them frequently.
We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
six times 등의 빈도 부사를 통하여 반복을 표하는 것을 추정함
4. 최근에 완료된 동작 표현
Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)
Have you just finished work?
I have just eaten.
We have just seen her.
Has he just left?
부사 just를 통하여 방금 완료된 동작임을 추정함
5. 동작이 된 시점이 불분명 함을 표현
When the precise time of the action is not important or not known
Someone has eaten my soup!
Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
시점은 중요하지 않고 동작의 경험이나 그 결과에 초점이 있으므로
특정한 시간 부사나 기간을 명시하지 않음
I have been to Rome. (O) 로마에 간 적이 있다
I have been to Rome in July. (X)
I went to Rome in July. (O) 7월에 로마에 갔었다
(한글로는 갔다 왔다로 표현하나 영어로는 갔었다만으로 충분함)