Roots |
Meaning |
Word |
alter |
other |
alternate, alter ego |
ami, amic- |
love |
amiable, amicable |
amphi |
both ends or all sides |
amphibian |
ann, enni |
year |
anniversary, annual, biennial, perennial |
anthrop |
human, man |
anthropology, anthropomorphic, misanthrope |
aqua, aque |
water |
aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct |
arch |
chief, leader, ruler |
archangel, monarch, archaic, archenemy |
arthro |
joint |
arthritis |
aud |
sound |
auditorium, audible, audiologist, audiotape |
bell |
war |
belligerent, bellicose |
biblio |
book |
bibliography, bibliophile |
bio- |
life |
biography, autobiography, biology, antibiotic |
brev |
short |
brief, abbreviate |
cap |
take, seize |
capture, captivate, capacity |
carn |
meat |
carnivorous, chili con carne |
ced |
yield, go |
recede, secede, proceed, intercede, concession |
chrom- |
color |
chromatic, monochrome, polychrome |
chron- |
time |
chronicle, chronology, chronometer, synchronize |
cogn |
know |
recognize, cognitive, incognito |
cord/chord |
cord |
harpsichord |
corp |
body |
corpus, corpse, corporal |
crac, crat |
rule, ruler |
autocrat, democracy, bureaucrat, democracy |
cred |
believe |
credible, credulous, credibility, credit, credo |
cruc |
cross |
crucifix, crucial |
crusta |
shell |
crustacean |
crypt |
hidden |
cryptogram, cryptology, cryptic |
culp |
guilt |
culpable, culprit |
dei |
god |
deity, deify |
demo- |
people |
demography, democracy, epidemic |
dent |
tooth |
dentist, dentifrice, dentin |
derm- |
skin |
dermatology, epidermis, hypodermic |
dic |
speak, say |
dictate, predict, diction, indict |
dox |
belief, opinion |
orthodoxy, paradox, heterodoxy |
duc, duct |
lead |
induce, deduce, seduction, conduct, abduct |
duo |
two |
duo |
dynam- |
power |
dynamo, hydrodynamics |
ego |
self |
egotist, egomania |
equ |
equal |
equal, equity, equanimity, equate, equidistant |
fac |
make, do |
manufacture, factory, benefactor |
fil |
threadlike |
filament |
frater |
brother |
fraternal, fraternize |
gam- |
marriage |
monogamy, polygamy, bigamy |
geo- |
earth |
geopolitical, geology, geography, geothermal |
glyph |
vertical groove |
Hieroglyphics뾇gyptian 뱒ky writing?/font> |
grad, gress |
step |
gradual, progression, transgression |
graph- |
writing, printing |
graphology, biography, telegraph, geography |
gym |
naked |
gymnasium |
gyn- |
woman |
gynecologist, androgynous |
hemo, hema, hem |
blood |
hemophilia, hematology, hemoglobin |
holo |
whole, entire |
holograph |
hydro, hydr |
water |
dehydrate, hydraulics, hydroelectric, hydroplane |
iso |
equal, identical |
isolate |
ject |
throw |
inject, reject, subject, projection |
jud |
judge |
judicial, judge, adjudicate |
leg, lect |
read, choose |
legible, lectern, lecturer, election |
liter |
letter |
literature, illiterate, literal |
loc |
place |
local, location |
log |
word |
monologue, epilogue |
luc |
light |
lucid, elucidate |
magn |
large |
magnify, magnate, magnificent |
man |
hand |
manufacture, manual, manuscript |
mar |
sea |
marine, mariner |
mater |
mother |
maternal, maternity, matriarchy, matricide |
mere |
part, segment |
mere |
meta, met |
behind, between |
metacognition뾟ehind the thinking |
metri, meter- |
measure |
geometric, thermometer, odometer |
min |
small |
minority, minuscule, minute |
mit, miss |
send |
permit, submission, mission, emit, |
mob, mot, mov |
move |
mobile, automobile, motion, promote, movie |
mon |
warn |
premonition, admonition |
mor, mort |
death |
mortal, mortician, immortality |
morph |
form, structure |
metamorphosis, amorphous, morphology |
mut |
change |
mutant, mutability, mutate |
neuro |
nerve |
neurology, neurosis, neurobiology |
nomen /nomin |
name |
nominal, nominate, nomenclature |
nov |
new |
novel, renovate, innovation, novella |
nym, onym |
word, name |
synonym, acronym, anonymous, pseudonym |
odonto |
tooth |
orthodontist뾬ne who straightens teeth |
ortho- |
straight, correct |
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic |
pac |
peace |
pacify, Pacific Ocean, pacifist |
pater |
father |
paternal, paternity, patricide, patrilineal, patriotic |
path |
feeling, suffering |
sympathy, apathy, empathy, telepathy, pathology |
ped, pod |
foot |
pedal, pedometer, centipede, gastropod |
pel, puls |
push |
pulsate, repulsive, impulse, compel, propel |
pend |
hang, weigh |
pendulum, pendant, suspend, pending |
phon-, phono- |
sound, voice |
telephone, euphony, cacophony, phonograph |
plan |
flat |
planar, plantation, plane |
pneum |
lung |
pneumatic |
pod |
feet |
podiatrist |
port |
carry |
portable, transport, portage, report, |
pot |
power |
potent, omnipotent, potentate |
psych- |
soul, spirit, mind |
psychology, psychic, psychobiography |
pugna |
fight |
pugnacious, pugilist |
quer, quis |
ask |
query, inquisition, |
scent, scend |
climb |
ascend, ascent |
schizo, schiz |
division, split |
schizophrenic |
sci |
know |
scientific |
sciss |
cut |
scissors |
scrib, script |
write |
manuscript, scribe, proscribe, scripture |
sec, sect |
cut |
dissect, section |
sed, sess |
sit |
sedentary, session |
sens, sent |
feel, be aware |
sensible, sentient |
sequ, secu |
follow |
sequence, sequel, consecutive |
serv |
serve, protect |
service |
simil |
same |
similar, assimilate, simile, facsimile (fax) |
siphon |
tube |
siphon |
sol |
sun |
solar |
son |
sound |
sonar, resonate, unison |
soph |
wisdom, knowledge |
philosophy, sophisticated, sophomore (wise fool) |
spec, spic |
look, see |
spectacles, spectator, inauspicious, prospect |
spir |
coil |
spiral |
spir |
breathe |
inspire, respiration, conspire, perspiration |
spond, spons |
promise, answer for |
respond, responsible |
spont |
by one's own force |
spontaneous |
stat |
stay, position |
station |
tang, tact |
touch |
tactile, tangible |
temp |
time |
temporary, temporize |
ten, tent |
hold |
tentative, tenable, tenuous |
terr |
earth |
subterranean, terrain, terrestrial, disinter |
theo |
god, deity |
theology, polytheism, atheist, monotheism |
therm- |
heat |
thermal, thermos, thermometer |
trophy |
nutrition, food |
atrophy뾵ithout nutrition |
uro |
urine |
urologist |
vac |
empty |
vacation, vacuum, vacuous, vacant |
ven, vent |
come, go |
intervene, convene, contravene |
ver |
truth |
veracity, verify, verity |
vert |
turn |
introvert, irreversible, vertigo |
vit |
life |
vital, revitalize, vitamin |
voc |
call |
revoke, invocation, vocal, evocative, convocation |
zoo |
animal |
zoo, zoology, zoolatry |
Prefix |
Meaning |
Examples |
a-, an- |
not, without |
amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial |
ab- |
away from |
abduction, abstain, abnormal |
ad- |
to, toward |
adjoin, adjacent (lying near to) |
ambi- |
both |
ambidextrous, ambivalent |
ana- |
up, back, again |
analogy, anatomy, anagram |
anti- |
against |
antipathy, antiwar, antisocial |
apo- |
from, away from |
apology, apologize |
auto- |
self |
autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton |
bene- |
good |
benediction benevolent benefactor |
cata-, cat- |
down, against |
catastrophe--a turning down |
centro, centri- |
around, center |
concentric, centrifugal |
circum- |
around |
circumlocution circumference, circumvent |
com- |
with, together |
communal, community |
con- |
with, together |
connect, confide conspire |
contra- |
against |
contradict, contravene |
de- |
down, away |
descend, deject (cast down) |
dia-, di- |
through, across |
diameter, division |
dis- |
apart, not |
disengage, discord, discomfort |
dys- |
ill, difficult, bad |
dysfunctional, dysentery |
e- |
out of, from |
elect (choose out of), eject (throw out) |
ecto- |
on the outside |
ectoderm--outer skin |
en-, em- |
in |
empathy--feeling in |
endo- |
within, inside |
endoscope--instrument for observing inside |
epi- |
upon |
epitaph epidermis, epicenter |
eso- |
inward, within |
esoteric--more inward, esophagus |
eu- |
well, good |
euthanasia--good death |
ex- |
out of, from |
exhume, exhale, exodus |
hetero- |
other, different |
heterosexual, heterodoxy, heterodox heterogeneous |
homo- |
same |
homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized |
hyper- |
over |
hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity |
hypo- |
under |
hypotension, hypodermic |
il- |
not |
illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible |
im- |
not |
imperfect, impolite, impossible |
im- |
into |
imbibe (drink in, take in) |
in- |
not |
indiscreet, invisible |
in- |
into |
incorporate (take into the body) |
inter- |
between |
intervene (come between), interstate |
intra- |
within |
intrastate, intramural |
ir- |
not |
irregular, irrational, irredeemable |
macro- |
large |
macrocosm, macroeconomics |
mal, male- |
bad, evil |
malediction malevolent, malnutrition |
meta- |
beyond |
metaphysical |
micro- |
small |
microscope, microcosm, microeconomics |
mono- |
one, single |
monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy |
neo- |
new, recent |
neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic |
ob- |
against |
object, obstruct (build against) |
palin-, pali- |
back, again |
palindrome |
pan- |
all, every |
pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic |
para- |
false |
paramilitary, paralegal, parachute |
per- |
through |
percolate (flow through) perforate (punch through) |
peri- |
around |
perimeter, periscope |
phil-, philo- |
like, lover of |
philosophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy |
poly- |
many, several |
polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism |
post- |
after |
postgraduate, posthumous postpone |
pre- |
before |
precede, predict (tell before) |
pro- |
for, forward |
promote, project |
pros- |
toward, in front |
prospect뾴iew in front, something coming up |
proto- |
first |
prototype, protoplasm, protobiology |
pseudo |
false |
pseudonym, pseudoscience |
re- |
again, back |
repeat, recede, regress (step back) |
retro- |
back |
retrogression, retroactive |
se- |
away from |
seduce (lead away), secede |
sub- |
under |
submarine, subject, subhuman subterranean |
sur-, super- |
over, above |
superhuman, superego, superintend, surpass |
syn-, sym-, syl-, sys- |
with, together |
symphony, synonym, system, syllable |
tele- |
distant, far off |
telephone, telepathy, television, telegram |
trans- |
across |
transient, Transatlantic, transport (carry across) |
Suffix |
Definition |
Example |
-agog, -agogue |
leader |
demagogue, pedagogue |
-cide |
kill(ing) |
patricide, infanticide, herbicide. suicide |
-ectomy |
cutting |
appendectomy, splenectomy |
-ia, -y |
act, state |
amnesia, mania, democracy, anarchy |
-ic, -tic, -ical, -ac |
having to do with |
anthropomorphic, dramatic, biblical, cardiac |
-ics |
things having to do with |
optics, physics |
-isk, -iscus |
small |
asterisk--a little star |
-ism |
the belief in |
pacifism, terrorism, socialism, communism |
-ist |
one who believes in |
pacifist, terrorist, socialist, communist |
-ite |
one connected with |
meteorite, polite, cosmopolite |
-logy |
study field of |
biology, geology, etymology, cardiology |
-oid |
resembling, like-shaped |
asteroid, spheroid |
-or, -er |
one who takes part in |
doctor, actor, teacher, driver |
-phobia |
exaggerated fear |
photophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia |
-sis |
act, state, condition of |
analysis |
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