SUBJECT His energy | VERB amazed | OBJECT me. | WHAT CLAUSE What amazed me | IS / WAS was | OBJECT his energy. |
What (modifies) his energy | |||||
| SUBJECT His energy | IS / WAS was | WHAT CLAUSE what amazed me. | ||
his energy | what |
List of complements (adjectives & nouns) to What or That Clauses
complement – a word, phrase or clause which is necessary in a sentence to complete its meaning
"Clefting
is similar to dislocation in the sense that information that could be
given in a single clause is broken up,
in this case into two clauses,
each with its own verb… There are two major types of cleft
constructions…"
한글 용어로는 분열문이라 하는데 강조하고자 하는 단어를 it 와 that 사이에 끼워 넣든지
* it 강조용법; it’s [what
we do about it] //that (?) can lead us into the realm of the SUPERNATURAL.
의문사절 [what
we do about it]은 that 절의 주어인데 강조상 it 와 that 사이에 끼임
강조하고자 하는 내용을 종속절인 what절로 만들어 문장에 끼워 넣는다
하여 한글로 내말은 그게 아니다를 영어로 하자면
내말을 my saying 이라 번역할 수 있지만 영어는 그리 않쓰고
What I'm saying is not that. 하고 내가하는 말을 강조한 의문사절로 만들어 쓴다
그밖의 wh 접속사를 써서 강조를 표현하기도 한다
또한 하이픈 보다 더 긴 대쉬 -- 로도 강조하는데
문장 어순의 흐름에 관계없이 강조하고자 하는 부분을
컴마 뒤에 쓰는 삽입구 처럼 대쉬 뒤에 끼워넣어 강조한다
BASIC CLAUSE 단순문장 (basic; elementary or simple)
Sometimes,
we want to place emphasis (focus) on a particular part of a sentence.
"We can emphasize particular words and expressions by putting everything
into a kind of relative clause
except the words we want to emphasize:
this makes them stand out."(Swan 130)
우리가 흔히 보는 형절/관계대명사절은 초보적인 강조문에 속하는데
형절에서 빠진 문장요소가 바로 강조된 요소가 되는건
형절에서 빠진 단어를 관계사가 대신함과 동시에 선행사와 같은 내용이라
한 단어를 두번 언급하는 셈이 되므로 강조가 된다
강조상 댓쉬를 쓴 단순문장
His attention to detail — was brilliant.
CLEFT CLAUSE 분열문
What
refers to and is a place holder for the information that has been moved
(de-emphasized).
Here again, is a tendency to move the "heavier" wording toward the end.
what 이 강조상 쓰였으나 글자수가 많은 절을 문미로 보내는 경향이 있다
WHAT – EMPHASIS ON SUBJECT 주어강조; 주어를 의문사로 대치함
His attention to detail was what was brilliant. (emphasis on subject, uncommon usage)
What was brilliant was his attention to detail. (common usage)
*** His attention to detail was what was brilliant. 에서 강조로 쓰인 의문사절이 문미에 쓰였기에 강조가 약하므로
강조가 강한 글머리 위치인 문두에 쓰는것이 보편적이다; What was brilliant was his attention to detail.
주어강조
His attention to detail — was brilliant. 주어와 동사 사에에 댓쉬를 써서 주어를 강조함
What was brilliant was his attention to detail. (common usage) 의문사로 주어를 대신한 의문사절을 주어자리에 써서 강조함
동사강조
Michael Jackson's performance — exceeded our expectations. 동사 앞에 댓쉬를 쓴다
exceed (v.) – to go beyond, be better, be more
WHAT 의문사로 동사강조
What he did was (to) exceed our expectations.
Related pages That-Subject Clauses, What-Subject Clauses
it 를 사용항 강조문/분열문
BASIC SENTENCE
It is another pronoun that allows us to focus on (emphasize) a particular part of a sentence.
BASIC (UNCLEFT) SENTENCE 단순문
That he had so much energy — amazed me. (a clause as the subject)
He had so much energy. It amazed me.
That he did his own choreography — is impressive. (a clause as the subject)
That he did his own choreography — is impressive. (a clause as the subject)
He did his own choreography, which was impressive.
That he is no longer with us — is a pity. ("with us" – alive)
He is no longer with us. It is a pity. (loss)
CLEFT SENTENCE 강조상의 분열문
It refers to and is a place holder for the information that has been moved (de-emphasized).
It amazed me — that he had so much energy. emphasis.
(it refers to info after verb.)
It is impressive — that he did his own choreography. (it refers to info after verb.)
* choreography – arrangement of dance steps
It is a pity — that he is no longer with us.
(it refers to info after verb.)
Related page It-Subject Clauses,
BASIC SENTENCE | CLEFT CLAUSE |
---|---|
Who, where, when, and why are other pronouns that allow us to focus on (emphasize) a particular part of a sentence. | Who, where, when, or why refers to and is a place holder for the information that has been moved (de-emphasized). |
PERSON Michael Jackson — could awe an audience. | WHO – CLEFT A person who could awe an audience was Michael Jackson.
|
PLACE Michael Jackson lived on — the Neverland Valley Ranch. | WHERE – CLEFT The place where where Michael Jackson lived was the Neverland Valley Ranch. The Neverland Valley Ranch was— the place where Michael Jackson lived.
|
TIME Michael Jackson made "Thriller" — in 1982. | WHEN – CLEFT The year when Michael Jackson made "Thriller" was 1982. 1982 was the year when Michael Jackson made "Thriller". |
REASON Michael Jackson wrote songs — because he was inspired. inspiration (n.) | WHY – CLEFT The reason why Michael Jackson wrote songs was because he was inspired. Because he was inspired was the reason why Michael Jackson wrote songs. |
Also see In/ On/ At–Which Clauses
종절을 써서 강조한 예문 보기
i. A dog is the thing that I want.
ii. The thing that I want is a dog.
iii. In the dog house is where the dog stays.
iv. The place where the dog stays is in the dog house.
v. What he did was bark all the time.
vi. What happened was he barked all the time.
vii. All I want is a non-barking dog.
viii. The only thing I remember is the constant barking.
그밖의 강조 용법
출처 http://esl.about.com/od/grammarstructures/a/g_emphasis.htm
There are a number of ways to add emphasis to your sentences in English. Use these forms to emphasize your statements when you are expressing your opinions, disagreeing, making strong suggestions, expressing annoyance, etc.
가. Use of the Passive 수동태를 사용한 강조
The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action. Generally, more emphasis is given to the beginning of a sentence. By using a passive sentence, we emphasize by showing what happens to something rather than who or what does something.
일반적으로 문장에서의 강조 위치는 먼저 들리는 문두나 나중에 들어 기억에 남는 문미 두 군데이나
목적자리는 강조가 않되는 중간 자리라 목적을 강조하고자 문두/서두에 쓰려니 수동태가 된다
하여 수동태는 동작자보다 동작을 당하는 피동작자를 강조할 때 쓴다
Example:
Reports are expected by the end of the week.
In this example, attention is called to what is expected of students (reports).
나. Inversion 어순 도치로 강조하기
Invert
the word order by placing a prepositional phrase or other expression
(at no time, suddenly into, little, seldom, never, etc.) at the
beginning of the sentence followed by inverted word order.
어순 도치로 강조하는 경우
부사적인 내용이라면 문장 앞에 쓰기만 하면 된다
부정/긍정문 이나 be 동사/일반동사 등의 조건에 따라
어순이 달라진다
1. 일반동사의 긍정문에서 동사를 강조하자면 조동사 do를 써서 한다
I want to know.
I do want to know.
부정문을 강조할 때는 조동사가 강조하는 내용에 따라간다
I did at no time say you couldn't come.
At no time did I say you couldn't come.
* 명사가 부정된 부정문이기에 조동사는 did 로 쓴것
I hardly had arrived when he started complaining.
Hardly had I arrived when he started complaining.
I did little understand what was happening.
Little did I understand what was happening.
* little 는 영어로 거의 없는 이라는 부정의 의미로 쓴다
조금이라도 있다는 긍정의미면 a little 를 쓴다
I seldom have felt so alone.
Seldom have I felt so alone.
Note that the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject which is followed by the main verb.
조동사가 강조로 주어 앞에 쓰인점을 유의하시요
3. be 동사의 경우
be 동사의 경우 보어를 강조하자면 보어만 문장 앞에 보내면 된다
Though he was hurt, he played well.
We can begin this sentence with hurt and then the emphasis will be on that word.
Hurt though he was, he played well. (Note the use of the comma.
4. 타동사의 목적이 강조된 경우 목적만 앞으로 보낸다
Besides disrupting an expectation set up by the context, you can also emphasize part of a sentence by departing from the basic structural patterns of the language. The inversion of the standard subject-verb-object pattern in the first sentence below into an object-subject-verb pattern in the second places emphasis on the out-of-sequence term, fifty dollars.
I'd make fifty dollars in just two hours on a busy night at the restaurant.
Fifty dollars I'd make in just two hours on a busy night at the restaurant.
5. 종절보다는 주절에 강조가 있으니 강조하고자 하는 내용을 주절로 쓴다
The initial and terminal positions of sentences are inherently more emphatic than the middle segment. Likewise, the main clause of a complex sentence receives more emphasis than subordinate clauses. Therefore, you should put words that you wish to emphasize near the beginnings and endings of sentences and should never bury important elements in subordinate clauses. Consider the following example.
No one can deny that the computer has had a great effect upon the business world.
종절
Undeniably, the effect of the computer upon the business world has been great.
주절
강조문 예문 보기
More examples are given below.
1. The frightened birds flew up.
Up flew the frightened bird. (Emphasis on the word up)
flew up 이라는 동사구라 분리할 수 없으므로 up 을 따라 동사도 간 경우
2. The guns boomed out unceasingly.
Unceasingly the guns boomed out. (Emphasis on the word unceasingly)
부사역할은 그냥 앞으로만 보내면 된다
3. The tennis matches will start tomorrow.
Tomorrow the tennis matches will start. (Emphasis on the word tomorrow)
부사역할은 그냥 앞으로만 보내면 된다
4. The strong wind howled outside.
Outside, the strong wind howled. (Emphasis on the word outside)
부사역할은 그냥 앞으로만 보내면 된다
* 콤마를 쓴 이유는 Outside the strong wind 전치사구로 보일 수 있기 때문이다
5. I need only his autograph for myself.
For myself, I need only his autograph. (Emphasis on the phrase for myself)
부사역할은 그냥 앞으로만 보내면 된다
6. As she was shocked, she could not utter a word.
Shocked as she was, she could not utter a word. (Emphasis on the word shocked.)
be 동사 구조에서 보어를 강조하니 그냥 앞으로 보내면 된다
7. Jane could not finish the work in time.
→ Never could Jane finish the work in time.
부정문 강조므로 조동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
8. He was never silly, and he solved the hard problem.
→ Never was he silly, and he solved the hard problem.
부정문 강조므로 be 동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
9. Mike never saw such a big dog.
→ Never did Mike see such a big dog.
부정문 강조므로 조동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
10, He seldom runs.
=> Seldom does he run.
seldom 이라는거 부정적이니
부정문 강조므로 조동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
11. I little met him. (little 는 거의 없다는 부정적 표현)
=> Little did I meet him
부정문 강조므로 조동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
12. I have never seen her again.
=>Never again have I seen her.
부정문 강조므로 조동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
13. He had no sooner seen me than he ran away.
=> No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.
부정문 강조므로 조동사가 주어 앞으로 나갔다
14. She can see Tom only on Sunday.
=> Only on Sunday can she see Tom.
딴날은 않된다는 부정적인 의미므로 조동사가 도치됨
15. We do not know the value of health until we lose it.
=> Not until we lose health do we know its value.
부사절의 경우 주절 앞에 쓰고 부정이니 조동사를 주어앞에 쓴다
16. He built the wonderful house.
The wonderful house he built.
목적 강조시 목적을 주어 앞으로 보냄
17. He did not build the house.
Not the house did he build.
목적 강조이지만 부정문이기에 조동사가 주어 앞에 쓰임
18. He built it.
He did built it. 긍정문 동작 강조
19. Tom was very happy.
Very happy was Tom. 보어 강조시는 보어를 문두로 보내면 된다
20. He stood on the hill.
On the hill he stood.
부사역할 전구 강조시는 보어를 문두로 보내면 된다
21. Here comes the teacher.
이 경우는 here 라는 허사를 써서 쓴 강조문
There is my teacher. 이런 문장 역시 선생님이 있다 하여 있다는것이 강조이지
선생님이 거기 있다는 장소 얘기가 아님
Expressing Annoyance 짜증의 감정을 강조하기
Use the continuous form modified by 'always', 'forever', etc. to express annoyance at another person's action. This form is considered an exception as it used to express a routine rather than an action occurring at a particular moment in time.
Examples:
Martha is always getting into trouble.
Peter is forever asking tricky questions.
George was always being reprimanded by his teachers.
Note that this form is generally used with the present or past continuous (he is always doing, they were always doing).
Cleft Sentences: It 가주어 it 로 강조
Sentences introduced by 'It is' or 'It was' are often used to emphasize a specific subject or object. The introductory clause is then followed by a relative pronoun.
Examples:
It was I who received the promotion.
It is the awful weather that drives him crazy.
Cleft Sentences: What 의문사절로 강조
Sentences introduced by a clause beginning with 'What' are also used to emphasize a specific subject or object. The clause introduced by 'What' is employed as the subject of the sentence as is followed by the verb 'to be'.
Examples:
What we need is a good long shower.
What he thinks isn't necessarily true.
Exceptional Use of 'Do' or 'Did'
You have probably learned that the auxiliary verbs 'do' and 'did' are not used in positive sentences - for example: He went to the store. NOT He did go to the store. However, in order to emphasize something we feel strongly these auxiliary verbs can be used as an exception to the rule.
Examples:
No that's not true. John did speak to Mary.
I do believe that you should think twice about this situation.
Note this form is often used to express something contrary to what another person believes.
반복으로 강조
When a pattern is established through repetition and then broken, the varied part will be emphasized, as in the following example.
Murtz Rent-a-car is first in reliability, first in service, and last in customer complaints.
이상이 제가 검색한 강조에 대한 내용입니다
영어만 직해할 줄 알면 인터넷에 무궁무진한 무료 영어강으가 있으니
한국에서 유료영어강의를 돈내고 들을 필요 없습니다
유료 강으라는게 사실은 인터넷에서 영어로 읽은걸 한글로 설명하는것 뿐입니다
영어가 어디 갑니까?
영어인이 말하는 영어로 가야 영어죠
본인 공부삼아 검색해 보았습니다
참고하십시요
ps, 가상법에도 도치가 있는데 이 경우는 조건절에서 if 를 생략한 경우로
격식적/문어적이라 한다
Had he been alive is a more formal version of If he had been alive.
The more formal version of If he were alive is Were he alive.