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[charliek]

MOCK TEST, JULY 2005

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

In this section of the test you will be given an opportunity to show your ability to understand spoken English. You may take notes throughout the test.

DIRECTIONS: For questions one to ten, you will hear eight passages. After each passage listen to the questions. Choose the answer that you feel best responds to the question. Each passage will be read ONLY ONCE.

PASSAGE #1

The good news, according to a UN report, is that we already know what works. TB can be tackled by a combination of childhood vaccination, good detection of those infected and close supervision of drug treatment. Peru and Vietnam have both reached the targets of detecting 70% of cases and curing 85% of those treated, and infection rates are now dropping dramatically. In the case of Malaria, the use of mosquito nets treated with insecticide can reduce the childhood death rate by a fifth. Pregnant women are also very vulnerable, but the report points out that in Africa - the worst affected continent - a relatively high proportion of women do go for ante-natal care, and that these ante-natal visits can be used to give them malaria prophylaxis. Prevention is important because malaria drugs are rapidly losing their effectiveness. AIDS is the biggest challenge of all, and the report admits that the UN targets are ambitious. But it cites Uganda which has managed to reduce the preval‎ence of infection among urban women from 29% to just 11% by effective health education. There is still no cure for AIDS, but the report says it is now technically, politically and financially feasible to control the epidemic and to dramatically reduce its spread and impact.

1. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

a.Efforts by developing counties to fight against AIDS.

b.Prospects for controlling AIDS.

c. Various ways to reduce occurrence of infectious diseases.

d.Importance of prevention and education in fighting against infectious diseases.

2. What can be inferred from the passage?

a.Global efforts to battle the scourge of AIDS will face difficulty.

b.Developed nations will need more supports from the international community.

c. Birth control is needed for the sake of African women.

d.AIDS is curable.    

PASSAGE #2

Obesity, which can cause heart disease, strokes and diabetes is on the increase across the globe. According to the World Heart Federation, an estimated twenty-two million children under five years old are now severely overweight. Nearly one in three children in the United States between the ages of five and fourteen is obese, compared to one in six, thirty years ago. But obesity is not a condition which solely affects the Western World. Increasingly, low and middle income countries are suffering from the condition, often due to a change in their diets, as they substitute fibre intake for a much higher consumption of saturated fats and sugar. In Beijing, for example, one in five children of school age is now obese. The World Heart Federation says obesity can also be blamed for spiraling health costs. The US spends almost a tenth of its national healthcare budget on overweight patients, and in Western countries as much as two point eight percent of the total sick care costs is attributable to obesity. The Federation warns that unless the world's population acts now to eat a healthier diet and to take more exercise, obesity will rapidly overtake smoking as the leading lifestyle risk factor for heart disease and strokes.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a.     The obesity problem is concentrated only in the Western world.

b.     Obesity is still No.1 cause of heart disease.

c.     There has been no substantial change to diet of the population in developing countries.

d.     The number of obese children has increase twofold since the 1970s.

4. Which of the following statements can best sum up the talk?

a.     Obesity presents intricate problems.

b.     The only way to be free from obesity is exercise.

c.     Obesity is a worldwide problem and requires much more attention.

d.     Obesity is emerging as a new health risk.

PASSAGE #3

What do Norwegians do better than anyone else? According to the latest Human Development Report, published on Wednesday July 24th, Norway is again number one on the Human Development Index. This index ranks 173 countries by a composite measure of life expectancy, education and income per person. Australia has dropped from second to fifth place, with America, perhaps surprisingly to some people, at sixth. But these rankings do not really matter much. The differences at the top of the table are tiny. Far more important is what is happening in countries in the bottom half of the rankings. Among the world’s poorer countries, the index makes for depressing reading—as does much of the report, which is produced annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The spread of democracy, so heralded in the 1990s, seems to have stalled; in some places it is even in retreat. And while some emerging-market economies have done well in recent years, with East Asian countries coming rapidly up the table, many other countries are now poorer than they were. This is especially true of former countries in eastern and central Europe and the former Soviet Union, which have still not regained ground lost when communism collapsed. Nineteen of these transition countries have seen a decline in income per head since 1986-90. Other countries remain trapped towards the bottom. Twenty-four countries, mainly in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, have lower incomes per head than they had more than twenty years ago. Jamaica and Madagascar have lower incomes than in 1975.

5. Which of the followings can best serve as the title of the passage?

a. Degraded Human Development Index of developing nations

b. Progress of Norway

c.  Who is responsible for regress of developing nations?

d. Achievement of emerging-market economies.

6. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?

a.     Austria ranked fifth in the index.

b.     Rankings at the top in the index do not count much.

c.     Life expectancy is a measure of the index.

d.     The gap between the rich and poor nations has been a bit narrowed. 

PASSAGE #4

The weather effect known as El Ni no occurs every few years and causes warming of the Pacific Ocean near South America. It can have severe, often detrimental, effects on rainfall. Some scientists are blaming this particular climate phenomenon for the current freak weather conditions around the world. However others say that El Ni no hasn't properly started yet and only affects the Southern Hemisphere - so there is no way it can explain the heavy rains in Europe. Another theory is that the Asian Brown Haze, which has been recently reported, may be affecting weather over countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. But again the brown cloud has been around for many years - its presence being highlighted in the media following a report by the United Nations Environment Program - so it can't be blamed for what is happening now. It's not unusual for monsoon rains to be delayed, and flooding in Europe is also not uncommon. Only a few years ago the River Oder on the Polish-German border caused huge amounts of devastation. Dr David Viner from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in Britain says that natural variability in the weather is probably to blame but human influence can't be ruled out.

7. Which of the following cannot be inferred form the passage?

A. Human activities must have caused severe weather patterns.

B. It is difficult to find out a single cause of extreme weather conditions.

C. Asian Brown Haze can be blamed for weather conditions in a limited area.

D. El Ni no is the likeliest cause of freak weather conditions in Europe.

8. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the talk?

A. Long-Anticipated Disaster

B. El Ni no, A Root Cause

C. What Is To Blame

D. Where Is It Heading For

PASSAGE #5

New documents seem to show that a group of European countries are trying to water down the debt cancellation agreed at the G8 meeting in Gleneagles last week. Debt relief was an important part of Tony Blair's package to help fight African poverty. Debt, aid and trade - there was some progress at Gleneagles on all three solutions for Africa's problems. But now it appears that there is a concerted attempt by around thirty countries, led by Belgium, to offer less on debt relief than the G8 promised. According to the leaks, Belgium is demanding that developing countries should have to jump through a new set of hoops in order to have their interest payments not written off but rather paid by the developed world for the term of their loan - new conditions attached. Now if this were passed, the proposal would mean that countries which were the most corruptly governed would be saddled with the worst debt repayments. America and Britain oppose this amendment but some other European countries, in particular Germany, have always been lukewarm on debt relief and might be swayed.

9. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

a. New Strings Attached For The G8

b. Brewing Doubt On Debt Relief

c. The G8’s Triumph

d. Finding Its Way To Solvency

10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Belgium is at the forefront of undercutting the G8’s promises on debt relief.

b. Developed countries afflicted by corruption are most likely to see their debt written off.

c. Germany has shown half-hearted support for debt relief.

d. The amendment would stain Tony Blair’s reputation. 

PASSAGE #6

With a total estimate of more than 100 billion barrels, Africa held nearly a tenth of the world’s oil reserves in 2003. There are a total of 13 oil-producing countries on the continent. Nearly half of these are in north Africa.

For the African Economic Outlook, oil producers in sub-Saharan Africa can be divided into three categories; the old ones where production is in decline are Congo, Cameroon and Gabon. Then there are those where production is still on the increase: Angola and Nigeria, which is the continent’s biggest producer. The new members of the club are Equatorial Guinea, Chad and Sa~ o Tomé.

OPEC member Nigeria is one of the top ten oil producers in the world, with an output of over 2 million barrels per day. Moreover, according to the IEA, west Africa, together with Latin America, will contribute to most of the non-OPEC production increase until 2030. Africa as a whole is expected to see an increase in oil supply of 4.9 million barrels per day by 2020.

So how can this strong position be used for development? Many oil countries have suffered from the so-called “oil curse”, finding themselves heavily indebted and impoverished. According to the African Economic Outlook, some oil-producing countries are now seeking to take advantage of the high prices prevailing since 2003, to make better use of surplus revenue from this windfall and to improve transparency and governance in the oil sector.

A first step is cleaning up corruption. Some countries have signed up to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a programme that encourages governments and private companies to share information regarding their oil income. Several nations now have specific regulations for the use of oil revenue. In Nigeria and Congo, the budget is based on a very conservative estimate of the price of oil. Any surplus is deposited in a special account with the central bank.

In Algeria, the government’s budget for 2005 calls for a significant reduction of the primary non-oil deficit in order to reduce the government’s dependence on volatile oil income. Of course, high oil prices mean recent windfall gains for some, but because they mean higher import prices, many African oil importers will still see them as a curse.

11. Which of the following can be inferred as the main cause of “oil curse”?

a. Failure to manage non-oil deficit

b. Dereliction of duty in the public sector

c. Lack of transparency and poor governance in the oil sector

d. Declining oil production

12. Which of the following best describe what high oil prices mean to African countries?

a. They are unalloyed blessing.

b. They are seen as a double-edged sword.

c. They represent a curse.

d. They are the two sides of the coin.

13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Nigeria is the biggest oil producer on the African continent.

b. Algeria is trying to reduce its dependence on foreign oil.

c. Many African countries see import prices rising due to high oil prices.

d. Oil production is on the decline among some African countries.

PASSAGE #7

A new study of gas in meteorites suggests Mars was bitterly cold for pretty much all of the past 4 billion years, putting the freeze on hopes that the Red Planet had any extended wet periods during which life could have flourished.

Several rocks that were once near the surface of Mars, and have in the past few million years been kicked up by impacts that sent them to Earth, have been freezing cold for most of the past 4 billion years, the study concludes.

While the findings don't rule out the possibility of life on Mars, they indicate that biology's best shot would have come in the first 500 million years of the Red Planet's 4.5-billion-year existence.

"Our research doesn't mean that there weren't pockets of isolated water in geothermal springs for long periods of time, but suggests instead that there haven't been large areas of free-standing water for 4 billion years," said David Schuster, a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology.

Shuster and Benjamin Weiss, an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, present their results in Friday's issue of the journal Science.

Many scientists have tried to open ancient chapters in the book of Mars geology by modeling the past based on large channels carved into the dusty surface. In some scenarios — very popular a few years ago — the computers said Mars was warmer and wetter during much of its early time.

But recent evidence of past water, provided by the Mars rovers, has not revealed the sorts of huge and deep oceans that some might have hoped for. Instead, water might have existed in shallow lakes that did not necessarily last too long, providing only lukewarm support for the warmer and wetter theory.

Life as we know it requires liquid water, so much of the money spent to explore Mars is geared toward searching for signs of liquid water, past or present.

Yet scientists have failed to conclude whether the channels on Mars, some deeper and wider than any on Earth, were carved mostly by water or whether other substances — such as carbon dioxide — might have been involved. It is also not clear if the riverbeds were created gradually or, as many scientists have come to believe in recent years, by catastrophic floods of water and mud that came in short, hellish bursts.

There has been water on Mars, scientists agree, and much of it may still lurk beneath the surface, recent evidence from orbiting craft has shown. If life ever did get going on Mars, it could still exist in subsurface aquifers, biologists say.

But the new study and other recent work is building a strong case to suggest that Mars has always been pretty inhospitable compared to Earth.

14. What can be said about the new study?

a. It is remarkable in that it confirm‎s many scientists’ belief that there was life on Mars.

b. It opens up new opportunities for scientists to map out the mystery of Mars.

c. It questions the long-held belief that there must have been life on Mars.

d. It is sloppy in that it fails to draw any conclusion on anything about Mars.

15. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?

a. Life on ancient Mars is confirmed.

b. A study throws cold water on theories about warmer, wetter Red Planet.

c. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

d. A new study opens a new chapter in the study of geology of Earth.

16. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Many have hoped that Mars will offer clues of how life on another planet has vanished.

b. It is no-brainer for scientists to figure out what happened to Mars.

c. Many scientists believe that the riverbeds on Mars were shaped by an onslaught of floods.

d. The study concludes that long ago Mars was more hospitable than Earth.

PASSAGE #8

Law enforcement officials generally dislike vigilantes; the general thinking is that they can’t help with the big cases and they sometimes ruin the easy ones. Internet vigilantes are no exception. Terror experts say that lone actors or organized groups like Internet Haganah can scuttle ongoing surveillance of Islamic Web sites and eventually force terrorists to find less observable ways of spreading their message.

It’s no coincidence, they argue, that in just the past year, Islamic extremists have gotten savvier in their use of the Internet. In early 2004, Iraqi insurgent Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi and his group posted the video of the execution of Nicholas Berg, an American contractor working in Iraq, to one Web site, which was quickly overwhelmed with traffic. Today, terrorists post evidence of their atrocities on dozens of sites and coordinate their operations on secret e-mail lists, password-protected Web sites and audio chat services like PalTalk, which don’t leave behind a printed record. “The level of sophistication of these groups has become just unbelievable,” says Rita Katz, who monitors Islamic fundamentalist Internet activities as director of the D.C.-based Site Institute.

Katz and other terror experts worry that the vigilantes are forcing the extremists to hone their tactics, pushing them further into the dark underbelly of the Internet. “I used to believe we should take down every terrorist Web site that was run from the U.S.,” she says. “What I learned later on is when you take them down, you don’t achieve much. You achieve a momentary victory. But then the Web site is up again somewhere else.”

Evan Kohlmann, a New York City-based terrorism analyst, says that the anti-terror vigilantes do more harm than good. “We want these guys to surface, to get comfortable and to think they are completely safe,” he says. “That’s when they make mistakes.” While he appreciates the freelancers’ patriotic fervor, he urges Internet vigilantes to weigh the benefits of moving quickly against the costs to the overall science of counter-terrorism. “I understand the sentiment but they are doing damage. They are making these guys stronger. They are giving them antibodies.” The FBI doesn't comment specifically on the Internet vigilantes, but it has said in the past that efforts to stop criminals should be left to the government.

17. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Internet vigilantes eventually reinforce terror activities.

b. Law enforcement seems to be grateful for Internet vigilantes patriotic help.

c. Terrorism has largely been thwarted by joint efforts made by individuals and law enforcement.

d. Terrorists have become ever more sophisticated and resistant to any detection efforts. 

18. What dose “antibodies” refer to in this passage?

a. Ways for terrorists to become more sophisticated

b. Technologies used by terror experts

c. Opportunities for the law enforcement to catch more terrorists

d. A chance for technicians to become savvier in taking down terrorists’ web sites

19. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

a. Many Hands Make Light Work

b. Heroes or Nettlesome Hacks?
c. Terrorism ON Steroids

d. Decentralization Of Law Enforcement

Directions: For questions 20 to 25, you will hear excerpts from two speeches. Listen carefully to the speeches and questions. Each speech will be followed by three questions. Again, the speech and questions will be read ONLY ONCE.

 

SPEECH #1

Nearly all OECD countries face the need to reform their pensions system. Some have already taken steps, while others are getting ready to. Reforms are necessary to ensure the sustainability of pay-as-you-go schemes. But this is only one part of the equation. Pension reform needs to go hand in hand with changes in the behaviour and attitudes of all actors involved to promote a longer working life. There are essentially three aspects to this issue: If nothing is done quickly to extend working lives, living standards will fall in the course of the coming decades. We know, because of the ageing of our populations, that there will be fewer and fewer persons of working age to support more and more older people. For the OECD as a whole, the dependence ratio of older people will rise from the current figure of 22%, to 46% in 2050. In these circumstances, it is essential to have as many people working as possible - young people, women and especially older workers. This is not an insurmountable challenge. Most countries have considerable manoeuvring room to increase the employment rate of persons between age 55 and 64. The average rate in the OECD is currently 48% -- varying from 25% or less in France and Belgium, to 70% in Switzerland. The first step governments can take is to eliminate provisions that subsidise early withdrawal from active life -- first and foremost, early retirement schemes. Some countries have already taken that step, but experience shows that it is not enough. In many cases, the actual retirement age remains 2 to 3 years below the statutory retirement age, because other provisions continue to encourage people to stop working. In Austria, for example, one man out of two leaves the labour market with a disability pension. Sweden is currently experiencing a sharp increase in the number of older workers on long-term sick leave. Elsewhere, in places such as France and Belgium, the entitlement to unemployment benefit -- without any obligation to search actively for a new job -- mean that older individuals can sometimes shift directly from unemployment rolls into retirement. While it is desirable for older workers to remain in the labour market, steps must be taken to ensure that they have real employment prospects.

20. Which of the followings is NOT cited as a factor that discourages older people from remaining in the labor market?

(a)    Provisions that subsidize early retirement

(b)    Generous unemployment benefits

(c)    Structural changes in the labor market

(d)    Provisions that allow long-term sick leave

21. Which of the following statements is True?

(a)    Ageing population is blamed for longer working hours of average workers.

(b)    Reforms are badly needed to sustain pay-as-you-go pension plans.

(c)    OECD countries are likely to bear crushing financial burden imposed by young workers.

(d)    No OECD country has taken a step to tackle problems caused by ageing population.

22. Which of the followings can best serve as the title of the speech?

(a)    How to maintain the stable labor market

(b)    How to encourage older people to work

(c)    How to overcome ageing

(d)    How to supply young workers

SPEECH #2

The OECD Forum represents a significant step in the development of the Organisation and I am delighted to welcome you today to this third OECD Forum. The agenda of this year’s Forum is very ambitious, dealing with security, equity, education and growth, questions that are among the most complex and important issues we face at a global level. We know very well that many international conferences deal with those subjects. So, what is the real added value of this particular forum? That is a good question, which I would answer in the following way. The OECD is an intergovernmental organisation dealing with all the major challenges facing public policy-makers in developed, but also developing countries. Historically, it had little contact with the world beyond the administrations of the governments of our Member countries. But to be of real value to policy-makers – and I include of course parliamentarians – the OECD must bring to its solid professional analysis both the political and social dimensions of policy recommendations. The arrival of the information society has altered forever how power relates to knowledge – which used to be reserved to those privileged enough to possess it. More important, the complexity of interconnections between all areas of public policy has made it imperative that good governance “broker” a vast resource of knowledge and interests flowing from diverse people in all parts of the globe. This is not easily done. Think of specific issues, like education, health, food safety, taxes, gun control, preservation of the foundations of sustainable development, the air, soil, water and biodiversity, the plight of children and women in development, even the protection of specific species, and you begin to see why the world has generated so many voices supporting so many issues in so many ways. Communications technologies are now available to help people develop informed views or, in some cases, misinformed ones, since these technologies also lend themselves to the dissemination of demagogic ideological positions on single issues.

23. Which of the followings is the main idea of the speech?

A.      Communications technologies have altered the way we live.

B.      Good governance is a prerequisite to ensuring the effective use of human resources.

C.      The arrival of the information society has expanded the OECD’s roles to play.

D.      It is important to be wary of the negative effects advance in communications technologies could have on us. 

24. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.      The agenda of this year’s forum is general

B.      Interconnections between public policy–makers the world over have become increasingly complex.

C.      It is imperative that a nation aspiring to good governance equips itself with communications technologies

D.      Communications technologies can be exploited by some to promote certain political causes.

25. Which of the followings best describes the speaker’s attitude towards communications technologies?

A.      Grateful

B.      Apoplectic

C.      Mixed

D.      Beholden

READING COMPREHENSION

DIRECTIONS (26-36): The directions are for Questions from 26 through 36. For each question, read the short passages provided carefully and choose from the four choices the one that best fills in the blanks.

26. The car is sinking and you are inside. Unlikely? In the U.S. alone, more than 600 people ______________ since 1995. State highway officials remind drivers not to panic and to remember the word "POGO." Pop your seat belt. Open the window. Get Out! Learn more highway emergency tips in the Driving Dangers book, free from Shell.

(a) have been injured from accidents

(b) have drowned in their vehicles

(c) have had head-on collisions

(d) have lost their cars from flooding

27. Despite the tradition of philosophical "professionalism" established during the Enlightenment by Wolff and Kant, philosophy in the 19th century was still largely created by men outside of the universities. Comte, Mill, Marx, Kierkegaard, and Schopenhauer _____________. Only the German idealist school was rooted in academic life.

(a) were the heads of university departments

(b) had little or no interest in philosophy

(c) were not professors in universities

(d) were either German by birth or nationality

28. Black and white is all over the place this season. The chic simplicity of black and white appeals to menswear designers who contrast the two with a variety of separates. Black is the extreme contrast to white in every way, therefore, they are ___________________. Black and white is the most classic combination of strength and clarity, power and purity.

(a) very crisp and fresh

(b) the perfect marriage of opposites

(c) as much in demand as last season

(d) too asymmetrical

29. According to the Glaucoma Foundation in Calgary, ___________________, a leading cause of preventable blindness. Glaucoma often results from fluid building up between the iris and the cornea. As eye pressure increases, it can damage the optic nerve. Studies show that exercise such as running, swimming, or brisk walking four times a week can decrease the pressure by up to 20 percent. For many patients, that may be enough to save sight.

(a) lack of exercise does not seem to cause glaucoma

(b) aerobic activity can also help manage glaucoma

(c) poor blood circulation may be the cause of glaucoma

(d) alternative medicine seems to cure glaucoma

30. How can you become a StarMovie member so you can rent movies at your neighborhood store? You can obtain and submit a membership application right at your local StarMovie store. You will be asked to present two forms of identification, such as a valid driver's license, passport, or any other form of picture ID. Other requirements ___________________. For instance, some stores require a credit card number as part of identification procedure. This is because franchise stores are allowed to set their own policies for membership.

(a) will be fulfilled by the store

(b) may vary from store to store

(c) can be disregarded if you want

(d) are not allowed in any case

31. Because of heavy promotion by the dairy industry, the public often believes that cow's milk is the sole source of calcium. However, other excellent sources of calcium exist, so that vegetarians eating varied diets need not be concerned about getting adequate calcium. When you realize that there is as much calcium in four ounces of firm tofu as there is in one cup of cow's milk, it is easy to see why groups of people who do not drink cow's milk still ___________________.

(a) show high levels of osteoporosis

(b) take daily calcium supplements

(c) have their children drink it

(d) have strong bones and teeth

32. Suicide is not a fool-proof or painless proposition. The cruel fact is that suicides often fail, in which case the person who attempted to kill himself has to face many dreadful consequences such as permanent brain damage, severe burns, or lifetime disability. On the brighter side, if one does survive a suicide attempt, he will live to discover the truth about depression, the most common reason people commit suicide, which is that it really is a temporary condition. The very circumstances that made you plunge into the swamp of depression could always change, and there are various kinds of medications that could chase away your bad mood. The old saying that suicide ___________________ is sage advice.

(a) is a permanent solution to a temporary problem

(b) is a temporary solution to a permanent problem

(c) does not take away the feeling of sadness

(d) reveals truth about depression

33. One of my favorite pieces of art is the three playful "See-No-Evil, Hear-No-Evil, SpeakNo-Evil" monkeys carved on the gate to the Toshogu Shrine in Japan. The shrine honors leyasu Tokugawa, one of Japan's most famous leaders. But interestingly enough, the monkeys offer a kind of sly commentary on the see-no-evil policies he implemented. To keep his people from contact with the outside world, Tokugawa forbade foreign travel and imported books. By doing this he hoped that his dictatorial control might seem less evil if ___________________.

(a) he pretended to encourage art and literature

(b) they learned about even worse dictators outside

(c) censorship was enforced on all imported books

(d) citizens could see no alternate world

34. Dear Mr. and Mrs. Adams,

The children have just come in and told me that our dog broke out and uprooted all your dahlias. I know it won't compensate you for all the work you've put in, but I'll go to the garden center to get some new ones this afternoon. I hope you'll accept them. I've now locked the dog in the house and ___________________ until we've done something about the fence. I assure you it won't happen again.

Yours sincerely,

Linda Thomson

(a) he'll be sold to a pet store

(b) he won't be let out in the garden untied

(c) he'll continue to cause damage

(d) he won't be fed

35. HirePotential is a national consulting and employment firm that works with corporations committed to diversity. It assists them with integrating and employing the untapped workforce. The untapped workforce includes people with disabilities, mature workers, veterans and individuals from other niche groups, and numbers over 27 million working age people. These individuals are qualified, eager, and largely untouched by ___________________.

(a) traditional recruiting efforts

(b) the Labor Department

(c) potential employees

(d) international employment agencies

36. Every profession has its own history in which the accumulation of knowledge is the basis for pushing the frontiers into the unknown. Dali and Picasso are two masters who stood at the vanguard of two opposite attitudes toward artistic traditions in the twentieth century: to use that accumulated knowledge and build upon it, or to discard it. Dali embraced all the science of painting as a way to study the psyche through subconscious images. He believed the artist should allow these images to reach the conscious, and freeze them on canvas to give the consciousness the opportunity to comprehend their meaning. Picasso ___________________. He completely rejected the methods of painting handed down from his predecessors, emphasizing that the ingenuity of childhood is the basis of art. To him, the less the artist is preoccupied with his craft, the better his art.

(a) took the opposite approach to art

(b) opened a new horizon in Cubism

(c) tried to accommodate as many artistic methods as possible

(d) hoped to find a way to follow the images of the subconscious

DIRECTIONS (37-48): For this part of the examination, read the following short or long passages carefully and select the most appropriate answer to each question. 

37. Harriet Beeches Stove's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was the most popular American book of the 19th century. First published serially in a magazine between 1851 and 1852, it was an immediate success. Forty different publishers printed it in England alone, and it was quickly translated into 20 languages. It received the praise of authors from all over the world. Its passionate appeal for an end to slavery in the United States inflamed the debate about the antislavery movement, and within a decade, the Civil War broke out.

Q. What can be inferred from the statement?

(a) The novel Uncle Tom's Cabin thwarted the antislavery cause.

(b) The book won international acclaim.

(c) The Civil War broke out in 1851.

(d) The author didn't get an immediate reaction.

38. Although there's often a raging controversy over the validity of the movie rating system in America, it started with good intentions. The movie rating system is a voluntary system sponsored by the Motion Picture Association of America to provide parents with advance information on films, enabling them to make judgments about movies they want or do not want their children to see. The rating board uses the criteria you as a parent use when deciding what is suitable viewing for your child. Theme, language, violence, nudity, sex and drug use are among those content areas considered in the decision-making process.

Q. What is the main point made about the movie rating system in America?

(a) It restricts the number of scenes showing violence or sex.

(b) It provides parents with some criteria concerning which movies their children can see.

(c) It helps movie-goers decide which movies are high-quality ones.

(d) It categorizes movies into four groups.

39. Some people consider scuba diving a dangerous sport. It may be natural to be scared at first. However, statistics show scuba diving is not particularly dangerous. As we know, as our ability to deal with risks increases, our fears recede. The risks in scuba diving can all be reduced significantly by what you do for your own safety. For example, look at one of the most common fears of new scuba divers: some people fear that they will get eaten doing scuba diving!!! This certainly isn't true at all. It is said that some sharks carry out attacks on humans. But sharks normally only attack injured or floundering objects. So surfers and swimmers are statistically more at risk than scuba divers. So when you see a shark, stay calm. Rapid kicking may resemble the movements of injured fish, triggering an attack.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the talk?

(a) Scuba diving is a dangerous sport in every way.

(b) Statistically scuba divers are less at risk than surfers and swimmers.

(c) People cannot deal with risk-taking sports.

(d) Sharks regularly eat humans.

40. The Freud Museum, in London, was the home of Sigmund Freud and his family when they escaped the Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938. It remained the family home until Anna Freud, the youngest daughter, died in 1982. It was her wish that the house become a museum to honor her famous father. The museum is filled with things that the Freud family used. Almost two thousand items fill cabinets. The walls are lined with shelves containing Freud's large library of books. The centerpiece of the museum is Freud's study, preserved just as it was during his lifetime. The museum is serving as a cultural asset to the professional community.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the statement?

(a) The Freud museum is in Australia.

(b) Anna Freud wanted the house to become a museum for her father.

(c) The Freud family moved to London in 1982.

(d) Freud's study has been redecorated.

41. Distance learning is becoming more and more popular these days. A wide range of employers --businesses, hospitals, government offices, military installations-- which find it difficult to release employees for on-campus study, are discovering that it is a good investment to bring the classroom to their worksheets. According to a survey conducted by the International Foundation of Employee Benefits Plans, employees rank continuing education as more important than childcare, flextime and family leave.

Q, What is the main point of the statement?

(a) Why people prefer to continue studies after work.

(b) Why work places provide childcare for employees.

(c) How distance learning appeals to employees' needs for further studies.

(d) How much work efficiency depends on flexible time management.

42. The use of cellular phones is such a fad in Korea these days. But do you know that it is legally prohibited to use cellular phones on airplanes? These phones may trigger a warning in the cockpit, causing a potential inconvenience to all passengers. However, certain telephones installed on the aircraft are shielded to prevent interference with aircraft systems, and therefore are safe to use at any time.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the statement?

(a) The use of cellular phones will be banned in Korea.

(b) The use of cellular phones may cause inconvenience to other passengers on the plane.

(c) Airline passengers will protest against the use of cellular phones.

(d) It will be impossible to use a telephone in any case.

The competitiveness of a region may be described as its ability, over time, to ensure economic growth, including the ability to attract and retain productive capital and competent human resources and to be innovative in broad sense of the word. It is therefore imperative for a region to ensure attractive localization conditions for both enterprises and people. The larger cities can play an important role in creating such conditions. Many factors determine an area's localization potential. We have, however, no unambiguous and straightforward way of measuring regional competitiveness. There are many important factors to take into account, for example, cultural environment like entrepreneurship and social conditions, agglomeration of firms and inhabitants, physical and human infrastructure etc. Moreover, for the individual enterprise to survive over time, a combination of competition and cooperation is necessary. The relative importance of all these factors may differ, also between regions. But in order for a region to be competitive over time, all of them have to "be present", at least to some degree. Some regions, especially smaller ones, may for many years have had economic growth. If based on one dominant branch or company, such one-sided industrial areas are very vulnerable. On the other hand, specialisation is often a prerequisite to becoming and staying competitive. Many studies conclude that the level of production, investment in physical capital, the supply of human capital and institutional conditions are the most important elements in fostering growth.

43. Which of the followings can best serve as a title of the speech?

(a) How To Remain Competitive

(b) Localize Your Company

(c) The Importance Of Cooperation

(d) The Advantage Of Small Enterprises

44. Which of the followings statements is NOT true?

(a) A region's competitiveness hinges on its ability to ensure economic growth and innovate . (b). Regional competitiveness can be quantified by the level of localization. 

(c). Different regions may have different standards for localization.

(d). Specialization should go hand in hand with localization to be competitive.

45. Which of the followings can be a suitable setting for this speech?

(a) A Party's Convention

(b) A Public Hearing For Economic Policy

(c) A Local Consultation For A Project

(d) A Conference For Economic Policy Makers

The OECD Forum represents a significant step in the development of the Organisation and I am delighted to welcome you today to this third OECD Forum. The agenda of this year's Forum is very ambitious, dealing with security, equity, education and growth, questions that are among the most complex and important issues we face at a global level. We know very well that many international conferences deal with those subjects. So, what is the real added value of this particular forum? That is a good question, which I would answer in the following way. The OECD is an intergovernmental organisation dealing with all the major challenges facing public policy-makers in developed, but also developing countries. Historically, it had little contact with the world beyond the administrations of the governments of our Member countries. But to be of real value to policy-makers  and I include of course parliamentarians  the OECD must bring to its solid professional analysis both the political and social dimensions of policy recommendations. The arrival of the information society has altered forever how power relates to knowledge  which used to be reserved to those privileged enough to possess it. More important, the complexity of interconnections between all areas of public policy has made it imperative that good governance "broker" a vast resource of knowledge and interests flowing from diverse people in all parts of the globe. This is not easily done. Think of specific issues, like education, health, food safety, taxes, gun control, preservation of the foundations of sustainable development, the air, soil, water and biodiversity, the plight of children and women in development, even the protection of specific species, and you begin to see why the world has generated so many voices supporting so many issues in so many ways. Communications technologies are now available to help people develop informed views or, in some cases, misinformed ones, since these technologies also lend themselves to the dissemination of demagogic ideological positions on single issues.

46. Which of the followings is the main idea of the speech?

(a) Communications technologies have altered the way we live.

(b) Good governance is a prerequisite to ensuring the effective use of human resources.

(c) The arrival of the information society has expanded the OECD's roles to play.

(d) It is important to be wary of the negative effects advance in communications technologies could have on us. 

47. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(a) The agenda of this year's forum is general

(b) Interconnections between public policymakers the world over have become increasingly complex.

(c) It is imperative that a nation aspiring to good governance equips itself with communications technologies

(d) Communications technologies can be exploited by some to promote certain political causes.

48. Which of the followings best describes the speaker's attitude towards communications technologies?

(a)  Grateful

(b).  Apoplectic

(c)   Mixed

(d)  Beholden

DIRECTIONS (49-50): Read the four sentences and place them in the appropriate logical order.

49.

1. Partly it's the appeal of a bully pulpit to promote their views, unfiltered by the media.

2. And partly it's the hope of crafting a more human face and voice for the company.

3. Partly it's the desire to create a new kind of dialogue with customers, industry observers, and employees.

4. What's driving these busy executives to carve hours out of their busy week to cast their views into the sometimes hostile world of Web logs?

(a) 1-2-3-4

(b) 2-1-3-2

(c) 4-1-3-2

(d) 4-3-2-1

50.

1. Officially, the country has at least 5.1 million infected people, second only to South Africa's 5.3 million, 21 percent of its adult population.

2. That news is encouraging but by no means lets India breathe easier.

3. One in every 8 HIV-infected people worldwide is in India--and the number is growing by 500,000 a year, over 10 times the annual increase in infections in the United States.

4. Because of India's huge population, the national HIV/AIDS adult preval‎ence rate is deceptively low--less than 1 percent--which masks the problem's alarming scale.

(a) 2-4-3-1

(b) 4-3-2-1

(c) 3-2-1-4

(d) 2-1-3-4

모의고사 7월 정답

1.D 2.B  3.D  4.C  5.A  6.D  7.A  8.C  9.B  10.B 11.C  12.B  13.B  14.C  15.B  16.C  17.C  18.A  19.B  20.C  21.B  22.B  23.C   24.C  25.C 26. b  27. c 28. b  29. b  30. b 31. d  32. a  33. d  34.b  35. a  36.a  37. b  38. b  39. b  40.b 41. c 42. b 43.a  44. b  45. d  46. c 47. c  48.c 49. c 50. a

[sheena]

이게 저희가 이번에 본 모의고사 문제인가요?

[아자르]

기초반 학생인데요, 8월에 본 모의고사와는 다른 것 같아요.

[charliek]

미안합니다. 그 전달에 본 것과 혼동했었어요. 정정했으니 참조하세요.