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Strawberry Tree ( Arbutus unedo )

 

Overview and Details

Arbutus unedo, commonly called Strawberry Tree, Apple of Cain, or Cane Apple, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland. Due to its presence in South West Ireland, it is also known as Irish strawberry tree, and Killarney strawberry tree. How to eat them Sweet but insipid, the Latin name 'unedo' means 'I eat one (only)' and suggests that the fruit is so delicious that a person only needs to eat one. It does have a somewhat gritty skin, but the fruit itself has the texture of a lush tropical fruit and has a delicate pleasant flavour. For those people with sensitive taste buds, this is a fruit that can be enjoyed when eaten in moderate quantities. The fruit contains about 20% sugars and can be used to make delicious and nourishing jams and preserves. It is ripe in Autumn and is about 15mm in diameter. When fully ripe it falls from the tree and so it is advisable to grow the plant in short grass in order to cushion the fall of the fruit. In some countries they are used to make jam and liqueurs (such as the Portuguese Medronho, a kind of strong brandy). Culture and Growth Habits Arbutus unedo is perennial, evergreen tree growing to 9 m (29ft) by 8 m (26ft) at a medium rate. It is hardy to Zones 04 - 10 and it is frost tender, but needs to be protected from strong cold winds when young. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees. It prefers light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, requires well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil.The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires dry or moist soil. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure. It can tolerate atmospheric pollution. The cape gooseberries is a usually reaching 2 to 3 ft. in height. Under good conditions it can reach 6 ft. but will need support. The purplish, spreading branches are ribbed and covered with fine hairs. Flowering, Fruit and Harvest The flowers appear by mid-October & deep into winter. Being self-fertile, it sets round fruit in winter, which very slowly ripen from green to yellow to pink to red & are bumply or warted. The fruits take a full year to ripen, so that this evergreen will have new flowers & ripening fruits simultaneously. The fruits don't really look like strawberries because they're perfectly round, but the size & color is otherwise pretty close, hence the tree's name. The flesh is amber & has a texture similar to strawberries except mealy. These fruits are edible but insipid so rarely eaten raw, though birds like them, & frankly so do I. Though the fruits cling unripe for just about a full year, but when finally bright red, they'll drop off rather soon if not harvested. After the flower falls, the calyx expands, forming a straw-colored husk much larger than the fruit enclosed, which take 70 to 80 days to mature. The fruit is a berry with smooth, waxy, orange-yellow skin and juicy pulp containing numerous very small yellowish seeds. As the fruits ripen, they begin to drop to the ground, but will continue to mature and change from green to the golden-yellow of the mature fruit.

Arbutus unedo Pictures

Seed - best surface sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe. Stored seed should be soaked for 5 - 6 days in warm water and then surface sown in a shady position in a greenhouse[78]. Do not allow the compost to become dry. 6 weeks cold stratification helps[134]. The seed usually germinates well in 2 - 3 months at 20°c[134]. Seedlings are prone to damp off[184], they are best transplanted to individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle and should be kept well ventilated. Grow them on in a greenhouse for their first winter and then plant out in late spring after the last expected frosts[K]. Basal cuttings in late winter[200]. Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, November/December in a frame. Poor percentage[78]. Layering of young wood - can take 2 years[1, 200].

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