토익 제 13 강 To 부정사

[hera]

토익 제 13 강 To 부정사

* to 부정사는 'to + 동사원형'의 형태
'to + 명사(-ing)의 형태인 전치사와 구분
예) to go, to leave/ to school, to the bank,

* 사용법
1. 명사적 용법: 주어(-하는 것은), 목적어(-하는 것을), 보어(-하는 것이다)로 사용-명사절
To love is our fortune.
I like to fall in love with someone.
My dream is to meet and marry a nice guy.

2. 형용사적 용법: to 부정사 앞에 있는 명사를 수식하며 '-할, -해야할' 등으로 해석됩니다.
I have a friend to play with.
I live a house to live in.
I want a person to depend on.
-> to 부정사 다음에 반드시 동사와 전치사가 와야하는 것은 아니지만 위의 경우에 전치사가 없으면 비문법적(ungrammatical) 문장이 됩니다.
I need a book to read.
I want something to eat.

3. 부사적 용법: 위 용도 외의 사용
■ 목적(-하기 위해서)
I went to Pusan to meet my uncle.
I studied hard to pass the exam.

■ 원인(-해서)
I am glad to see you again here.
I am sorry to hear that.

■ 판단의 근거(-하다니)
You must be a fool to behave in this way.
He cannot be rich to live in a humble house.

■ 결과(-해서 -하다)
He lived to be fifty years old.
He left his hometown never to return.
He studied hard only to fail.(-했지만 -하다)

■ 조건(-한다면)
To be frank with you, I don't know the solution to the problem.
To do him justice, he is not so much a nice teacher as a excellent supervisor.

★ 토익암기사항
to 부정사가 주어로 사용되면 단수의 동사를 사용해야 합니다.
To play computer games is very exciting.
To meet him such a strange guy was a nightmare.

★ want, hope, wish, plan, prefer, decide to +
동사원형(희망적이고 긍정적인 단어)
I want to marry you.
I hope to get a nice Christ present.
He prefers to be alone.

★ want/ ask/ tell/ allow/ persuade/ encourage/ force/ expect/permit+목적어(me/him) + to 부정사
I want to eat pizza.
I want you to eat pizza.
I allow you to smoke in this room.

★ like, love, begin, start --to/ing
I like to go to the movies.
I like going to the movies.

★★ look forward to/ contribute to/ respond to/be opposed to=object to/be used to/ 의 경우 to가 전치사이므로 -ing가 와야합니다.
I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

★ stop의 경우 to/ing가 오는 경우에 따라 뜻이 달라집니다.
I stopped smoking. 나는 담배를 끊었다.
I stopped to take a rest for a while. 나는 휴식을 취하기 위하여 잠시 일손을 멈추었다.

★ remember/ forget/regret의 경우 to/ing가 오는 경우에 따라 시제가 달라집니다.
I remember to meet her this afternoon. (미래)
I remember mailing the letter on my way home yesterday.(과거)
We regret to inform you that our application had been rejcted.
I regret meeting such an infamous guy in my life.

토익 13-1강 To 부정사 (2)

1. 해석하시오(명사적 용법)
-하는 것은, -하는 것을, -하는 것이다.
1)To know her is to love her.
2)My father decided to give up smoking.
3)The easiest way to go there is to take an express bus.
4)A farmer once ordered his cook to cook a goose for dinner
5)It will be a wonderful experience to play in the Olympics.
6)I make it a rule to take a walk every morning.
7)I don't know what to do. He didn't know whom to ask.
8) He knew where to stop and where to pass.
9)I want to study hard. I want you to study hard.
10)It is wrong to tell a lie. It is wrong for you to tell a lie.
11) It is very kind of you to say so.
12)He decided not to go along.

2. 해석하시오(형용사 용법)
-할, -해야할, be to 용법에 주의
1)He wants a friend to help him.
2)He has no food to eat.
3)I have no time to do it.
4)We are to have a party this afternoon.(예정)
5) These rules are to be observed.(의무)
6) A number of high mountains are to be seen from here.(가능)
7) He was never to return home.(운명)
8) f you are to grow health, you must take an exercise everyday.(소망)

3. 해석하시오(부사적 용법)
-하기 위해서, -해서, -하다니, -한다면,
-해서 그 결과 -하다
1)He stopped to listen to an army band play.
2)I regret to hear of his ill luck.
3)He lived to be eighty years old.
4) He worked hard, only to fail.
They left their country never to return.
5) You must be a fool to say so.
6) To do my best, I could not understand it.
7) That question is difficult to answer.
8) This water is good to drink. We are ready to start.
9) He was anxious to see Buckingham Palace.
10) He was surprised to hear the news.
11) You are young enough to do it. You are too old to do it.

4. 원형부정사
사역동사, 지각동사 + 목적어 + 동원
1)He may ask you questions about Korea.
2)I watched the sun rise from the beach.
3)The teacher let them be quiet in the classroom.
4)She did nothing but laugh. You'd better go home early.
5) I would rather drink tea than coffee.
6) I could not but get up early.
7) He may well get angry with them.
8) You may as well start for school at once.

5.독립부정사
1)To tell the truth,I don't like you.
2)To be frank with you, he is a liar.
3)He is, so to speak, a walking dictionary.
4)To begin with, she is too old.
5)To make matters worse, it rains heavily.

<연습문제>
1.다음 밑줄 친 부정사의 용법을 쓰시오
1)I plan to go to the library after school.
2)It is not difficult to imagine how a young gold-medal winner feels.
3)There is no need to move our nest today.
4)He was very happy to have a chance for sightseeing in London.
5)Fall is the best time to visit Korea.
6)Do you expect many Koreans to win gold medals in the Olympics?
7)Would you like something to drink?
8)All the family get together to remember their ancestors.
9)The doctor advised him to give up drinking.
10)Certain animals like to travel with other kinds of animals.

2. 문법 상 틀린 곳을 바로 쓰시오
1)He seemed that he was rich.
2)I sat on a bench and watched people to come and go.
3)He was seen enter the room.
4)Let Tom and he come early.
5)I know to swim.
6)The little boy did nothing but to cry.
7)I have no pen to write on.
8)You had better not to go home early.
9)Take care to not overeat yourself.
10)Let's ask John not call us again.