|+--------------> about, on, over, of ,for, concerning, regarding.as regards, as to, as for, respecting, with respect to, with regard to
47. ...은 말할 것도 없고
▷ not to speak of = to say __________ of = _______ ______
= not to __________ = much more/less = ________ more/less
48. momentum
ⓐ (tech) the quantity of movement in a body, measured by multiplying its mass by its speed (운동량)
. As the rock rolled down the mountainside, it gathered momentum. (=move faster and faster)
ⓑ the force gained by the movement or development of events
. The struggle for independence is gaining momentum every day.
49. 불을 놓다
+-. set fire to (the house); set (the house) on fire
| . catch fire : ____________
| . (타) make a fire, build a fire, kindle, light, ignite
+-. 불 붙기 쉬운 : combustible, inflammable
50. 동사 + one's way : ... 하면서 나아가다
. feel one's way ( ) . beg one's way ( )
. pay one's way ( ) . earn one's way : 자립하면서 나아가다
. push one's way ( ) . make one's way ;
▶응용독해
a) Baby crocodile has special sharp teeth with which to break their way out of the shells.
b) Mr. Kim paid his way through a college with honors.
51 live off
※ (가끔 품위 없게 사용되어) : to get one's food or income from
▷ He is nearly 30 and he still lives off his parents.
▷ We were in enemy territory and had to live off the land.
(=get food from fields and trees, by killing animals, etc.)
52. keep의 개념 : 어떤 상태 그대로 유지하다
▶ keep| the change ( ) | off the grass ( ) | left ( ) | calm ( ) | one's temper : 화를 내지 않다 | out of trouble : 곤란한 일에 끼지 않다 | going ( ) | the promise ( ) | the dog from coming | the secret | ____________ : 일기를 쓰다 | a small house | house : 살림을 하다 | my teeth clean : ⑤형식
▶keep ... to oneself (자기에게만)
want ... to oneself
have ... to oneself
ex) . She kept her old memory to herself.
. She wanted the television to herself.
. She had the room to herself.
53. as 의 용법
① She was as pale as could be.(그녀는 창백할 대로 창백했다) ( )
② As you sow, so you shall reap.(양태)
③ Leave it as it is.( )
④ As he grew older, he became more silent.(비례)
= _______ age, he became more silent. ___ 안에 적당한 전치사는?
⑤ As he often lies, I can't believe him.( )
⑥ Boy as he is, his face is pretty like a girl.( )
⑦ If I had been present, as I was not, I should have asked for an explanation. (대비, 주석: 사실은 ...인데)
⑧ Have you heard any particular news? -- No, not as I remember.(한정:...하는 한)
ⓐ The child talks as if he were a man. (사실의 반대 상황)
ⓑ He seems as if he is sick. (사실이 미확인 상황)
57. roughly
① 거칠게 ② 대충 얘기하면(잡아 보면)
. (syn) at a conservative estimate, a ball-park figure
. Can you give me a rough idea? (대충 얼마나 가는지 알려달라)
= Can you give me a ball-park figure?
58. and 의 용법
① Talk of devil, and he will come.
A step further, you will topple down.
② He promised to come, and he didn't turn up. (=but)
③ The sun came out, and the grass died.(이유 : 그래서)
④ He said he would be more careful, and that he would study harder.(부가)
⑤ He came and see me.(=부정사 to) (=He came to see me.)
▶come, learn, try, mind 다음에 and 가 올 때
⑥ There are women and women. (반복)
▶miles and miles, years and years, again and again
59. make it : 성공하다
▷ succeed, come off well, go off well
60. despite : ...임에도 불구하고
▶ 양보구문
① 접속사 : though, although, even though, even if, if
ex) Though she is not smart, she is pleasant to look at.
② No matter + 의문사
ex) No matter what you will you say, no one believes you.
③ wh-ever : whatever, whoever, whichever, however...
ex) Whatever happens, I will go.
④ 명령형
ⓐ Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.
ⓑ Try as you may, you can never do it in a week.
ⓒ Say what you will, no one believes him.
ⓓ Be it true or not, it is not worth considering.
⑤ 보어(형/부) + as + S + V
ex) Poor as he is, he will not do such a thing.
⑥ 분사구문
ex) Born in a poor family, he became a president.
⑦ 구표현 : in spite of, with all, for all, after all, despite, for all,against, notwithstanding
ex) I spit of a slight improvement in sales, the company is still making a loss.
61. Never 와 같은 말
= never = not ...at all = by no means = not ...whatever = far from = anything but = on no account = simply not
ex) His salary is not nearly enough to support his family.
62. not only A but also B
▷ B as well as A = a, B as well = both A and B
= at once A and B = a, and besides, B
▶ 음식뿐만 아니라 돈도
. not only food but also money
= food, and besides, money
= money as well as food
63. be to 용법
① The treasure was not to be seen. ( )
② Such hardships are not to be borne. ( )
③ Not a sound was to be heard. ( )
④ The book is not to be got even in Seoul. ( )
⑤ The fact is not to be denied. ( )
⑥ The temptation is not to be resisted. ( )
⑦ The weight of it is not to be measured. ( )
64. 비교급강조 부사
. much, far, by far, even, still, a lot
. very (x)
. The air in the tropics contains much more moisture than the air at the poles.
65. have an effect on : ...에 영향을 미치다
. have an influence on = have an impact on = __________(한 단어로)
66. be sure of 와 be sure to
. He is sure of passing the exam.(주어의 확신)
. He is sure to pass the exam.(화자의 확신)
= I am sure that he will pass the exam.
= I am sure of ______ ______ the exam.
= _________ he will pass the exam.
= He will ________ pass the exam.
= It is certain that ______________________.
67. 부정어구의 도치
▷ 부정어구 + 조동사/do/be + S+V
(1) Not a word did he say.
(2) Never have I seen such a sight.
(3) Little did I think that he will come back.
(4) He cannot do it. Neither can I.
(5) Not only does he read English, but he speaks it very well.
(6) Never was he asleep.
(7) Under no circumstances should you leave here.
68. 부사구의 도치 ▷ S+V+부사구 -->
1) 부사구 +S+V (S: 대명사)
2) 부사구 +V+S (S에 수식어구가 있을 때)
3) 부사구 +조동사/do/be+S+V
(1) Away flew the bird. Away it flew.
(2) Into the very valley ran swiftly a beast whose name was unknown to us.
(3) To our country and brethren we must devote ourselves.
(4) Without air, food, water and liberty we cannot exist.
69. 보어의 도치
(a) 강조를 위한 주격보어 도치
(b) 목적어가 길 때 목적보어 도치
(1) Seriously wounded they came back.
(2) Machines have made possible the mass production of all kinds of goods.
70. 목적어의 도치
▷ 목적어 +S+V
(1) What must be done you must do well.
(2) What would be the outcome of the contest nobody knew.
71. 삽입구문
(1) My brother will, I am sure, pass the examination this time.
(2) This is, as far as I know, the whole truth.
(3) He is, as it were, a sleeping lion.
(4) He is, I think, over sixty years of age.
(5) He is, I believe, a reliable man.
(6) He is the man who I think is very honest.
(7) He is a millionaire, I'm told.
72. 공통관계
(1) He is not and cannot be what he was.
(= He is not what he was and cannot be what he was.)
(2) A man of virtue and not a man of wealth deserves our respect.
(= A man of virtue and not a man of wealth deserves our respect.)
73. 부가를 나타내는 문장부사
in addition, moreover, not only that, furthermore, what is more, on top of that, as well as that, besides that
74. 빈도부사
(1) most of the time = usually
(2) all the time, all of the time = always
(3) some of the time = sometimes
(4) hardly ever = seldom
(5) much of the time = often
75. come to + N 의 용법 : ... 하게되다
▷ come to an end, come to stop, come to a halt : 멈추다, 끝나다
come to a conclusion : 끝나다, 결론으로 달하다
come to mind : 생각나다
come to nothing : 헛수고로 끝나다
come to oneself : 의식을 회복하다
come to someone's aid/assistance/aid : ... 을 도와주다
come to an agreement : 동의하다
come to blow : 싸우기 시작하다
76. go to + N 의 용법
▷ go to waste : 낭비되다
go to extremes : 극단으로 가다
go to great pains : 무척 수고하다
go to pieces : 조각나다, 정신적으로 무너지다
go to trial : 재판 받다
77. 미래표현
① will + 동사원형 ② will be ...ing ③ be going to ④ 현재시제 ⑤ 현재진행형 ⑥ be to 부정사 ⑦ be about to
(1) will+RV : 앞으로 일어날 일을 미래에 관점을 두고 예측할 때
(2) be going to : 현재에 관점을 두고 있음.
(a) 앞으로 어떤 일이 일어나리라는 것을 예측할 수 있게 하는 원인과 징후를 나타냄
(b) 현재의 의도 (∼할 작정이다)
. What are you going to do tonight?
. There are going to be a storm in a minute.
(3) 현재진행형 : 앞으로 어떤 일이 일어나게끔 현재 준비가 다 마련되어 있음을 뜻함
* 이동동사 : leave, move, stay, come, start
. My aunt's coming to stay with us.
. We're leaving today.
. He's moving to Seoul.
cf) 1) I am going to get married. (의도)
2) I am getting married. (약혼, 결혼 날짜 등이 이미 정해져있음)
(4) 미래진행형 : 현재의 상황으로 보아 특정인의 의지나 의도에 관계없이 그렇게 되게 마련인 미래
. The train will be arriving at 8:00.
. I'll be living in New York this time next year.
(5) 현재시제 : 미래에 일어날 일이 확고부동한 사실처럼 간주될 때, 또는 예정이나 미래의 계획이 변동될 수 없는 확고한 것일 때.
. Tomorrow is Saturday.
. Next Christmas falls on Thursday.
(6) be about to : 아주 가까운 미래 * 시간부사와 같이 쓰이지 않는다
. The president is about to make an important announcement.
. I feel something terrible is about to happen.
(7) be to 부정사 : 공식적인 계획 전달
. The prime minister is to speak on TV tonight.
78. picture 의 용법
① The boy is the picture of his father. (= copy)
② She was the picture of happiness. (=화신, embodiment)
③ He was a perfect picture of a good-natured farmer. (= example)
④ The employment picture is much brighter than it was a year ago. (= situation)
⑤ He has a clear picture of the problem. (= understanding)
⑥ Ok, that's enough. Now I got the picture. (= to see, understand)
⑦ The present political picture in Korea gives much cause for anxiety. (= situation)
⑧ Most economists paint a dark picture of the failure of the world economy. (= representation)
⑨ Investigators who have studied very young children in school present a grim picture of early schooling. (= description)
⑩ I can't quite picture myself as a father. (= imagine)
79. otherwise 의 용법
① His answer could not be otherwise. (= different)
② It is otherwise with him. (= different, in other condition)
③ You think otherwise, don't you? (= in another way, in different way)
④ The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. (= in other respects)
⑤ Otherwise, our team could have won the game. (= If not)
⑥ Do what you have been told, otherwise you will be punished. (= or else)
80. at all의 용법
① Do you have any money at all? (조금이라도)
② I don't agree with you at all. (조금도)
③ If help is to come, it must come soon. (어차피)
④ The wonder is that I am here at all. (어쨌든)
⑤ Is there any chance at all? (조금이라도)
81. free의 용법
① His manner and speech are too free. (=licentious; 방종한)
② Do you have any rooms free? (= vacant; 빈)
③ The accused left the court a free man. (= liberated; 해방된)
④ He is free with his money. (= generous; 잘 쓰는)
⑤ You are free to stay as long as you like. (= 허용되는)
⑥ duty-free, free medicine (= 무료의)
⑦ free from charges (비난을 받지 않는), free from disease (= ...이 없는)
⑧ I am free to confess. (자진해서 ...하는)
⑨ You are very free in blaming others. (= 지나치게 ...하는)
82. there 구문
① There is a new house being built.
② There is some sugar left in the bottle.
③ There is to be demonstration held at six.
④ There are likely to many gaps in your wisdom.
⑤ There used to be a well here.
⑥ I expect there to be some counter example.
⑦ I can't imagine there being no bear.
⑧ There goes the bell.
83. to one's + 추상명사 : 누가 ... 하게도
▷ to my delight : 내가 기쁘게도
to my disappointment
to her sorrow
to his relief : 그가 안심이 되게도
to her shame
to her grief
to his regret
to his distress
to my cost : 쓰라린 경험을 하여
* as I know it to my cost : 쓰라린 경험을 하고 아는 것이지만
to my joy
to my surprise
to my satisfaction
to my anger
to my horror
84. give의 용법
▷ give an account of (설명하다), give a concert (연주회를 열다), give a cry (외치다), give a laugh (웃다), give a lesson (교습을 주다), give an order (명령하다), give a party (파티를 열다), give a try (해보다), give aid to (...를 도와주다), give birth to (낳다), give emphasis to (강조하다), give rise to (생기게 하다), give thought to (생각해보다)
85. effect
▷ for effect : 효과를 노리고
in effect : 1) 효력 있는 2) in fact
to the effect that : .... 라는 취지로
with effect : 효과적으로, 감명 깊게
effects : 동산
86. but that의 용법
▷ But that there is water, we could not live. (= if not)
▷ I don't doubt but that you will succeed. (= that, 부정의미의 동사 다음)
▷ It cannot be but that something will happen.(... 하지 않을 수 없다; but that=that+not)
▷ It is impossible but that offenses will come. (... 할 수 없다)
87. good의 용법
① It is good two hours' drive from here. (= full)
② He says he's leaving the country for good. (= ever)
③ It is no good talking to such a fellow. (= use)
④ I'm telling you this for your own god. (= benefit)
⑤ Fish doesn't keep good in hot water. (= fresh)
⑥ It was very good of you to help them. (= kind)
⑦ I didn't know that you were so good at swimming. (= skilled)
⑧ Your driver's license is good for three years. (= effective)
⑨ She took to reading the Bible in good earnest. (= real)
⑩ I'll lend him ten dollars because I know he's good for the money. (= reliable)
88. be + 형/pp + of 구문
▷ be afraid of be ashamed of
be aware of be glad of
be convinced of be fond of
be sure of be ignorant of
be proud of be fearful of
be disappointed of be certain of
be grateful of be confident of
89. above +N/∼ing의 용법
▷ 1) 우월하다, 중요하다 2) ∼하지 않다 3) ∼하는 것을 부끄러워하다
① Health is above wealth.
John is above all the other boys in his class.
His conduct was above all praise. (그의 행동은 이루 다 칭찬할 수 없을 정도다.)
He is above criticism. (그는 나무랄 데가 없다.)
② He is above telling a lie.
He is quite above such conduct.
③ You should not be above asking questions.
Anyone who would profit by experience will never be above asking help.
90. 요일, 날짜, 달을 묻는 표현
1) 요일?
What day is it today? / What day is today? / What day of the week is it today?
2) 날짜?
What's the date? / What day of the month is it today?
3) 달?
What month is this?
91. 단위를 표시하는 복수 → 단수 취급
(1) Twelve years is a long time to spend in exile.
(2) Ten miles is a long way when I was child.
(3) Thirty miles is a day's journey in these hills.
(4) Two hundred dollars is a large sum of money.
(5) I haven't seen her this two hours.
(6) He comes here every four days.
(7) Let me live on this way for another twenty years.
. A nurse tended his wound, to no vail, he bled to death.
. After years of wandering he settled down to a peaceful life.
. I've tried to interest him in any number of activities, with little success.
. He saved the little girl from drowning at the cost of his life.
. The seed must got rotten before it germinates.
. He had been a Harvard-educated sociologist before he turned to politics.
. Then, as Rosa started to sing, the noise died away to pin-drop silence.
. The poor fox escaped from the trap at the cost of a leg.
. People usually become famous at the cost of their privacy.
. I awoke to find myself famous.
. She opened the box to find it empty.
. I was afraid to raise my head.
. He worked hard only to fail.
. He left his home, never to return.
. He worked so hard as to pass the entrance examination.
. They parted never to see each other again.
. Two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form water.
94. at the + N + of : 1) ... 할 때 2) .. 에
▷ at the thought of ▷ at the end of
at the mention of at (the) top of
at the sight of at the height of
at the approach of
at the close of
at the sound of
at the idea of
95. with 부대상황 구문
※ with + 목 + 보어 ⇒ 「... 한 상태로」
. with one's hair waving in the wind (머리카락을 바람에 날리면서)
. with one's legs crossed(folded) (다리를 꼬고)
. with a radio on/off (라디오를 켜놓은 채/커놓은 채)
. with one's arms crossed (팔짱을 끼고)
. with one's mission completed (임무를 끝내 놓고)
. with one's dog following behind (개가 뒤에서 따르고)
. with one's eyes bandaged (한쪽 눈을 붕대로 감고)
. with one's mouth full (입안을 가득 채우고)
. with one's jacket hanging on his shoulder (상의를 어깨에 걸치고)
. with a smile on one's face (얼굴에 미소를 띠며)
. with a pipe in one's mouth (파이프를 입에 물고)
. with a hat on/off (모자를 쓴 채로/벗은 채로)
. with one's elbows resting on one's knees (팔꿈치를 무릎에 놓고)
. with one's hand in one's pocket (손을 주머니에 찔러 놓은 채로)
. with one's arms covered with blood (손이 온통 피로 범벅이 된 채)
96. 주의할 반의어
▷ fortune → misfortune ▷ equal → unequal
fortunate → unfortunate equality → inequality
▷ just → unjust ▷ satisfactory → unsatisfactory
justice → injustice satisfy → dissatisfy
▷ able → unable
enable →disable
ability → inability
97. 값이 ...다
(1) This book cost me 5 dollars.
= I bought this book for 5 dollars.
= I paid 5 dollars for this book.
(2) It cost him 20 dollars to do the work.
cf) It took him 20 minutes to do the work.
= It took 20 minutes for him to do the work.
98. make의 5형식 문장
(1) We made toward the shore. (향하다)
(2) His eldest daughter will make a good wife for you. (... 이 되다)
(3) She made a fine dress. (만들다)
(4) She will make him a handkerchief. (만들어 주다)
(5) Father made me a soldier. ( ... 로 만들다)
99. over의 용법
(1) ... 하면서
. We talked over a cup of coffee.
. I fell asleep over my work.
. We had a chat over a glass of wine.
(2) 기간
. Over the last three years wages have diminished.
. He will not live over today. (오늘을 넘기지 못할 것이다)
. We kept the party over night.
. Payments spread over a series of years.
(3) 기타
. The disease spread over the whole country. (도처에, 곳곳에)
. She broke her heart over what he said. (about)
. I will tell her over the phone. (...을 통하여; 매개)
. He travelled over many hills and across rivers. (... 을 넘어서)
100. 형식에 주의할 동사
① 1형식 동사
ⓐ last(지속되다) : [The speech lasted an hour.]
ⓑ pay(보답이 있다, 수지맞다) : [Farming doesn't pay these days.]
ⓒ do ( ) : [Any time will do.]
ⓓ matter( ) : [It doesn't matter what you say to me.]
ⓔ count ( ) : [It is not what you say but what you do that counts.
② 2형식 동사
ⓐ인상,지각 ⓑbecome ⓒ지속,상태 look,seem go,grow keep appear get stay smell come remain taste run sound fall feel turn
* come true ( ), come loose (풀어지다), run dry ( ), run short ( ), go blind, go mad, fall ill( ) grow fat, hold good( ), prove false, remain silent, turn out to be false
③ 주의해야할 타동사
accompany kiss /address marry /approach mention /attend oppose /await reach