Article for Jan. 24th

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20100124.doc

Scientists Saw Haiti Quake Coming

Method of Determining Exactly When Quake Would Strike Not Yet Known; Measuring Probability has Been Focus

 Last week in Eureka, Calif., a dog in the local paper's newsroom seemed to know something was coming long before his owner did, a full six seconds before an earthquake hit. Unfortunately, that's about as good as short-term earthquake forecasting gets.

"We cannot predict earthquakes in the way the public would like us to predict earthquakes," Thomas Jordan, director of the Southern California Earthquake Center, said.

U.S. scientists warned back in 2008 that Port-au-Prince was ripe for a catastrophic earthquake, but they had no way of predicting exactly when. Advances are being made, but that kind of precision is still far in the future, reports CBS News Correspondent Ben Tracy.

For decades, scientists have been focusing on long-term forecasts, successfully measuring the probability that certain fault lines around the world will erupt. California could be next. It's been 300 years since a major quake rocked the southern portion of the San Andreas Fault near Los Angeles.

Scientists here believe there's a 99.7 percent chance that a 6.7 or greater earthquake could hit southern California in the next 30 years, but knowing when is the big question.

Short-term prediction is the elusive holy grail of earthquake science. In April 2009 a major earthquake in Italy was preceded by a series of small earthquakes, known as foreshocks, but that doesn't always mean a big one is coming.

"We can't tell when small earthquakes are foreshocks or when they're part of just background seismic activity," Jordan said.

Scientists have also studied hydroelectric activity and tidal movement but with limited success. Now new research using GPS sensors is focused below plates and fault lines to see if tremors closer to the earth's core lead to quakes on the surface.

Scientists in Texas used that technology in 2008 to predict that Haiti's faultline was primed for a major earthquake.

"The GPS data allows these type of predictions of where these large earthquakes might occur," said Paul Mann of the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics.

Until detection technology improves, preparation is still the best defense. Buildings in the United States must be designed to withstand major seismic events. Unfortunately, Haiti's buildings are not.

"It's really not the earthquake that's killing the people, it's the buildings that fail down on people, that cause most of the casualties," Jordan said.

As Haiti saw this week, that destruction still comes without much warning.

1.       What could be the main causes of so much death toll in Haiti and how could we prevent it?

2.       Let’s share your knowledge about how to survive when earthquake comes.

3.       Have you ever experienced any natural disasters? Tell us your story.

What You'll be Driving in 2016

MoneyWatch.com: With New Options Hitting the Roads, You May Face Tricky Calculations When Choosing Your Next Car

For years, the auto industry had successfully fought off attempts to impose tougher gas mileage standards. But when the big automakers came to Washington last year asking for handouts, the help came at a price: tough new national standards. The rules - previously proposed as state limits by California - will require each car company selling in the U.S. to deliver an average fuel economy of 35.5 miles per gallon for its cars, SUVs, vans, and pickups sold here.

That's about 40 percent higher than the current average. And to get there by the 2016 deadline, the auto companies will need to roll out a mix of technological innovations.

Some automakers are fielding new plug-in electric cars like the Chevrolet Volt and Nissan Leaf, both of which go on sale late this year. The mix on Auto Row will also include improved gas-electric hybrids and cleaner diesels. We may even see engines that run on natural gas or hydrogen making a dent in the market.

"It is not just one or the other of these alternatives," said Robert Davis, senior vice president for product development and quality for Mazda North American Operations. "We have to use them all."

Most analysts agree. But with all those options hitting the roads, you may face tricky calculations when choosing the car that gives you the best value for your money. Among the questions: Is a plug-in electric the most environmentally correct choice if the electricity is generated by a coal-fired power plant spewing greenhouse gases?

Here, in the order of their predicted market share, is a closer look at the vehicle you could be driving in 2016.

Gas Engines, New and Improved

Gasoline engines with high-tech improvements will remain dominant this decade for a simple reason: Incremental technology changes are the most efficient way for automakers to deliver low-cost higher mileage. Gasoline engines, which now account for about 90 percent of car sales, will still have a 73 percent U.S. market share by 2016 and just below 70 percent by 2020, according to forecasts by research firm J.D. Power and Associates.

To be sure, small but stylish cars are one of the simplest ways to market high mileage: Diminutive models like the Honda Fit and Nissan Versa already sell well. Ford plans to bring in its small-car Fiesta and a redesigned Focus from Europe, and General Motors will bring the Chevrolet Cruze, based on a compact Opel model it sells in Europe, to the U.S. market later this year.

Larger vehicles will need engine improvements to get the needed mileage boost. "We expect to see a lot more turbocharging, cylinder deactivation, and direct injection," says Michael Omotoso, senior manager for global powertrain research at J.D. Power. "All these technologies exist right now, but we expect wider adoption going forward." These mileage boosters either burn fuel more completely, or run on lower power or fewer cylinders most of the time, with additional power kicking in just when needed.

- Drawback: Gasoline still requires a steady supply of petroleum and is vulnerable to world events, price spikes and supply disruption.
- Our picks: Honda Fit, for now - though the European Ford Fiesta and Focus look promising.

Hotter Hybrids

Though well-established by now, hybrid models such as the Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid see their sales rise and fall with gasoline prices. One drawback is their higher price compared with gasoline models. The 2010 Ford Escape hybrid small SUV, for example, has a base price of $29,785 compared with $23,575 for the non-hybrid XLT model.

Toyota, already the leader in hybrids, said at the Detroit Auto Show that it will intoduce eight new hybrid vehicles over the next few years. BMW also is working on a small-car hybrid. J.D. Power's Omotoso predicts that hybrids, now just under 3 percent of U.S. auto sales, will rise to around 9 percent by 2016 and 12 percent by 2020.

- Drawback: It will be hard to get prices down enough to attract shoppers motivated solely by economics, not environmental principles.
- Our picks: Nissan Altima among hybrid sedans, Ford Escape among hybrid SUVs.

Cleaner Diesels

Current diesel models are terrific new cars with an old image problem. But federal requirements for clean diesel fuel mean that sleek, quiet models from Volkswagen, BMW, Audi and Mercedes now meet standards for nitrogen oxides and other pollutants - even in California, where they had been banned. J.D. Power projects diesels, now about 3 percent of sales, to reach 8.5 percent by 2016 and around 10 percent by 2020 as more buyers realize their merits. One of the biggest selling points is mileage, which is competitive with hybrids - especially in highway driving. (Volkswagen's Jetta, for instance is rated at 40 mpg on the highway and 29 in the city.)

- Drawback: The cost of diesel fuel, now about equal with gasoline, can spike under some circumstances, as it did in 2008.
- Our pick: Volkswagen Jetta TDI is an affordable diesel that's fun to drive.

Plug-in Electrics

Plug-in electric cars have the most buzz going into the new decade. Niche electrics like the rocket-fast Tesla Roadster at more than $100,000 are already available, but late this year consumers will get a chance to buy two models aimed at volume sales - the all-electric Nissan Leaf and the battery-powered Chevrolet Volt, which has an auxiliary gasoline engine for recharging. The Volt will sell at around $40,000 and the Leaf about $25,000; the first 60,000 buyers will also get a $7,500 federal tax credit. But price is likely to remain an issue. "The tax credit will help, but battery-based cars can be expected to be more expensive for years in the future," says Jack Nerad, executive editorial director and market analyst for Kelley Blue Book. Plug-ins will hit only about 1 percent market share by 2016 and perhaps 5 percent by 2020, according to J.D. Power forecasts.

- Drawback: With the Leaf needing recharging after 100 miles and the Volt running out of battery power after 40 miles (though the gas engine will recharge it, extending the range), plug-ins only work well as commuter cars. Long road trips require another vehicle.
- Our pick: We haven't driven these yet, but the Nissan Leaf has a more reasonable price. The Chevy Volt would obviously be a better bet, however, if you'd be nervous without backup recharging.

Hydrogen and Natural Gas

Further out on the green-car horizon, both General Motors and Honda have prototype hydrogen fuel cell vehicles that drive just like traditional cars except with no noise and no emissions except water. And Honda actually makes and sells about 2,000 Civic GXs a year. The cars are powered by clean-burning, low-emission natural gas - an increasingly abundant fuel in the U.S. But hydrogen and natural gas cars share a huge problem: refueling spots are hard to find. That makes their likely combined market share less than 1 percent even by 2020 - although they might gain some ground as fleet vehicles, which could have their own refueling stations.

- Drawback: The huge investment needed for widespread refueling stations may be a permanent roadblock.
- Our pick: if it ever goes on the market, GM's fuel-cell Chevrolet Equinox is a terrific drive with almost no environmental impact.

 

1.       Which type of car among the list above would you choose in 2016 considering your situation? And tell us why?

2.       Finally, which type of car would survive in the future? And which type of car would disappear first from the car market? And tell us why?

3.       What kind of alternatives can you imagine as a door-to-door transportation if we could not use cars anymore?

 

 

"Superfoods" for Women

Health Magazine Spotlights Several that Help Make Women Stronger and Smarter

You love to eat, but you also love to feel great. You can do both if you choose foods that make you smarter, leaner, and stronger -- and then use them the right way in your daily eating habits.

To help you accomplish that, registered dietician Frances Largeman-Roth, senior food and nutrition editor for Health Magazine, pointed on "The Early Show" to some of the top "superfoods" for women, and gave ideas on including them in your diet.

What are "superfoods"?

As Largeman-Roth explained, the list comes from Health magazine's experts.

"We went to our experts and said, 'If you had to compile a list of 10 superfoods based on nutrient profiles and research, what would you choose?' "

Health magazine went through the answers and, based on the responses, came up with this list:

1. Wild salmon
2. Oats
3. Wild blueberries
4. Walnuts
5. Broccoli
6. Greek yogurt
7. Olive oil
8. Dark chocolate
9. Avocado
10. Red beans

Largeman-Roth says superfoods go beyond just eating food for energy.

"These foods," she said, "are like the supermodels and superathletes for the food world, giving you the biggest bang for your buck, as far as health goes."

Salmon, she said, is important for its heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids. Largeman-Roth explained omega 3's also boost mood and fight depression and may protect against Alzheimer's disease. Plus, salmon has vitamin D which is another essential nutrient that we're not getting enough of.
Largeman-Roth, citing the American Heart Association recommendation, said people should eat 2, 3 to 4-ounce servings of salmon per week.

Oats, another superfood, helps lower cholesterol. In addition, Largeman-Roth said, oats help you feel full - a key component for a weight loss or weight maintenance diet.

"I'm a big fan of steel cut oats -- they're a bit higher in fiber," she said. "But you should get them any way you can. Instant is fine, just don't get too much sugar. They're another example of a very versatile food: you can supplement them with other foods (yogurt) or use them to make cookies or pancakes."

Greek yogurt also made the list, Largeman-Roth said because of its calcium content.

Greek yogurt, she explained, is triple strained, meaning it has three times the amount of milk, meaning its good for your bones. Just one serving, she said, provides nearly a quarter of a woman's daily calcium needs.

She added women should have three servings of dairy per day, so Greek yogurt should make up one of those servings.

Superfoods also extend to nuts - walnuts, that is. Not only are walnuts delicious, they are packed with protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals and omega-3s, according to Health magazine.

Eating just a handful a day, Largeman-Roth said, can help lower your cholesterol, boost brain power, help you sleep better and cope with stress. Walnuts may also prevent heart disease and fight cancer.

She said you need about an ounce a day -- about 10 whole walnuts.

Why did olive oil make the Health magazine list?

Olive oil is another heart-healthy food, Largeman-Roth said, but it also can help with longevity.

"The Mediterranean diet has long been linked to heart health and longevity," she said. "This diet protects against Alzheimer's disease, but also helps with mild fuzzy thinking."

She said you can use olive oil in a variety of ways, from drizzling it on top of pasta to using it as a salad dressing or as a substitute for butter on bread.

Some vegetables and fruits also appear on the Health magazine list, including blue berries and broccoli.

Blueberries, Largeman-Roth said, are great because they're super high in antioxidants.

"They can help prevent memory loss and improve motor skills and even fight wrinkles," she said. "They're an all-natural anti-aging remedy."

Blueberries also may be used in a variety of ways: as a savory sauce to go with meat or fish, or you can eat them plain.

She recommended buying frozen blueberries to save money if fresh blueberries aren't in season. Plus, with frozen berries, Largeman-Roth noted, you can keep them in the freezer, and take them out when you need them.

To achieve the maximum effects of blueberries, eat a cup a day.

As for broccoli, this vegetable is considered a superfood because it may potentially help fight breast cancer by reducing levels of excess estrogen.

"It's also rich in vitamin C and a good source of Vitamin A," Largeman-Roth said. "Broccoli helps you feel full on less than 30 calories per serving. Broccoli and salmon can make a great superfood pairing. You should be eating two or more half-cup servings of cooked broccoli per week."

Red beans also appear on the list, a food that Largeman-Roth said is an often overlooked food, which ranks high on the ORAC scale for antioxidants.

"(They're) packed with protein, folate, minerals and fiber, including resistant starch," she said. "They're also very affordable food and very versatile. You can use them in burritos, dips, etc."

You should eat three cups a week to reap the health rewards.

Avocados made the list, too. Rich in mono-unsaturated fats, avocados, Largeman-Roth said, can help you lose belly fat.

"You can eat it plain, or make soup with it, or whip up some guacamole. You can add it do a salad also," she said. "It is high in calories so you want to stick to a half an avocado a day. It also makes a great baby food -- I feed it to my baby."

But superfoods aren't all about fruits and vegetables. Dark chocolate, a decadent dessert, also appears in the Health list.

Rich in antioxidants, Largeman-Roth said dark chocolate can help strengthen bones, and according to some studies, reduce blood pressure.

However, you shouldn't overdo the dark chocolate. Largeman-Roth said only chocolate that's 70 percent cocoa will work, and you should only eat a quarter of an ounce a day - about two small squares.

To reap the most rewards from superfoods, you can combine them to pack an even bigger health punch. Largeman-Roth shared the recipes below to help you get started.

OATMEAL PANCAKES WITH WILD BLUEBERRY SAUCE

Soak 1 1/2 cups of rolled oats in 1 cup low-fat buttermilk (1 percent) in a small bowl for 15 minutes. Combine 1 cup all-purpose flour, 1/2 cup whole-wheat flour, 1/4 cup sugar, 1 teaspoon baking soda, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon in a medium bowl. Whisk 2 large eggs together with 2 large egg whites in a small bowl, and stir in 1 1/2 cups 1 percent low-fat milk. Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, and stir. Heat a nonstick skillet over medium-high heat, and coat with cooking spray. Pour about 1/2 cup batter per pancake onto hot skillet, and cook 2 minutes or until tops are covered with bubbles and edges look cooked. Flip and cook 2 minutes or until bottoms are lightly browned.

Transfer to a plate; keep warm. Cook remaining batter in batches. Meanwhile, combine 2 cups frozen wild blueberries, thawed, 1/4 cup sugar, and 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice in a medium saucepan. Cook over medium heat until berries pop. Stir in 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon. Spoon blueberry sauce over pancakes; serve. Makes about 12 pancakes.

CHOCOLATE CHUNK AND WALNUT OATMEAL COOKIES

Preheat oven to 350°. Melt 6 tablespoons unsalted butter in a small saucepan over low heat. Remove from heat, and add 3/4 cup packed light brown sugar; stir until smooth. Combine 1/3 cup all-purpose flour, 1/3 cup whole-wheat flour, 3/4 teaspoon baking soda, 1 1/2 cups old-fashioned oats, and 1/2 teaspoon salt in a medium bowl. Combine butter mixture with the dry ingredients, and add 1 egg, lightly beaten, and 1 teaspoon vanilla extract. Fold in 1/2 cup chopped walnuts and 3 ounces bittersweet chocolate, coarsely chopped. Mix well, and spoon by tablespoonfuls onto lightly greased baking sheets.

Bake for 12 minutes or until tops are dry to the touch. Makes about 32 cookies.

1. Do you know other superfoods good for especially women in your country?

2. What are your daily eating habits like? What do you think is the worst among them for your health and how do you improve your present situation?

3. Do you know any other recommendations or recipes for dishes made of those 10 superfoods?

[1129(원창)]

Thank you for your article

[Jae (재훈)]

Thanks, man.

[제니스 김주현]

감사합니다.

[Yujin]

tomato도 없고 spinach도 없고 black bean도 없고 ㅋㅋ 우리입맛에 너무 안맞아 ㅋㅋ

[Silver(종은)]

어 유진이 살아 있었네. 슬슬 그 씨디 한장 같은 얼굴 내밀 때가 되지 않았남.

[이정원(LeeSan)]

와우! 빨리도 올려 주셨네.