On death 죽음에 관하여

[soso]

On death 죽음에 관하여

On the one hand Death is the triumph of Satan, the punishment of the Fall, and the last enemy.

Christ shed tears /at the grave of Lazarus and sweated blood in Gethsemane:

[the Life of Lives //that was in Him] detested this penal obscenity /not less than we do, but more.

On the other hand, only he //who loses his life will save it.

We are baptised into the death of Christ, and it is the remedy for the Fall.

Death is, in fact, [what some modern people call “ambivalent].”

* ambivalent - uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow

It is Satan’s great weapon and also God’s great weapon:

it is holy and unholy; our supreme disgrace and our only hope;

the thing () Christ came /to conquer and the means //by which He conquered.

Satan produced human Death.

But when God created Man He gave him such a constitution that,

if the highest part of it rebelled against Himself,

it would be bound to lose control over the lower parts: i.e., in the long run to suffer Death.

* constitution ; a body of fundamental principles, the composition of something.

   * bound : certain to do something: certain to happen or do something because custom, experience,

      or common sense dictates it
    obligated: obliged to do something or behave in a particular way, e.g. for legal or moral reasons
    determined: firmly resolved

This provision may be regarded equally as a punitive sentence (“In the day ye eat of that fruit ye shall die”),

as a mercy, and as a safety device.

It is punishment

because Death

—that Death of which Martha says to Christ, “But . . . Sir . . . it’ll smell”—

is horror and ignominy.

(“I am not so much afraid of death as ashamed of it,” said Sir Thomas Browne.)

It is mercy

because by willing and humble surrender to it

Man undoes his act of rebellion

and makes [even this depraved and monstrous mode of Death] [an instance of that higher and mystical Death

//which is eternally good and a necessary ingredient /in the highest life]. 

* mode; . a. A manner, way, or method of doing or acting

“The readiness is all”—not, of course, the merely heroic readiness but that of humility and self-renunciation.

Our enemy, so welcomed, becomes our servant:

bodily Death, the monster, becomes blessed spiritual Death to self, if the spirit so wills

—or rather if it allows [the Spirit of the willingly dying God] [so to will in it].

It is a safety device

because, once Man has fallen, natural immortality would be the one utterly hopeless destiny for him.

Aided to the surrender //that he must make /by no external necessity of Death,

free (if you call it freedom) to rivet /faster and faster /about himself /through unending centuries

the chains of his own pride and lust and of the nightmare civilisations

//which [these] build up in ever-increasing power and complication,

he would progress /from being merely a fallen man /to being a fiend, possibly beyond all modes of redemption. 

* (being) free to rivet the chains of his own pride and lust and of the nightmare civilisations

* these = civilisations

This danger was averted.

{The sentence

//that [those //who ate of the forbidden fruit] would be driven away /from the Tree of Life}

was implicit /in the composite nature //with which Man was created.

* 골자구조 The sentence was implicit.

* implicit ; 1. implied: not stated, but understood in what is expressed
    2. absolute: not affected by any doubt or uncertainty 3. contained: present as a necessary part of something

* composite; composed of separate parts

But to convert this penal death /into the means of eternal life

—to add /to its negative and preventive function [a positive and saving function]—

it was further necessary [that death should be accepted].

Humanity must embrace death freely, submit to it with total humility, drink it to the dregs,

and so convert it into that mystical death //which is the secret of life.

But only a Man //who did not need to have been a Man at all /unless He had chosen,

only one //who served in our sad regiment /as a volunteer, yet also one //who was perfectly a Man,

could perform this perfect dying;

and thus (which way you put it is unimportant) either defeat Death or redeem it.

He tasted death /on behalf of all others.

He is the representative “Die-er” of the universe: and for that very reason the Resurrection and the Life.

Or conversely, because He truly lives, He truly dies, for that is the very pattern of reality.

Because the higher can descend /into the lower

[He //who from all eternity has been incessantly plunging Himself /in the blessed death of self-surrender /to the Father] can also most fully descend /into the horrible and (for us) involuntary death of the body.

Because Vicariousness is the very idiom of the reality () He has created,

His death can become ours.

The whole Miracle,

far from denying what we already know of reality,

writes the comment

//which makes that crabbed text [plain]:

or rather, proves itself to be the text //on which Nature was only the commentary.

In science we have been reading only the notes to a poem; in Christianity we find the poem itself.

직독해석

On the one hand 한 편으로는 Death 죽음은 is the triumph 승리다 of Satan 사탄의,

the punishment 처벌인 of the Fall 타락자들의, and 그리고 the last 최후의 enemy 원수인.

* the Fall in British English, theology.

Adam's sin of disobedience and the state of innate sinfulness ensuing from this for himself and all humankind. 

Christ 그리스도께서 shed 흘리셨고 tears 눈묵을 /at the grave 무덤에서 of Lazarus 나사로의

and sweated 땀으로 흘리셨다 blood 피를 in Gethsemane 겟세마네에서:

[the Life 그 생명이 of Lives 생명들의 //that 그건 was in Him 그분 안에 있었던] detested 혐오했었다

this 이런 penal 처벌의 obscenity 역겨움을 /not less 적지 않게 than we 우리가 do 혐오하는 것보다도,

but 그러나 more 더 많이 했다.

* 인간은 어차피 죄인이기에 죗값으로 생명을 상실하는 것이 당연하지만

모든 생명의 원천이신 그리스도의 생명이 죽음을 맛보기는 너무나도 혐오스러운 일이었기에

죽음을 직면하기 전날 밤 겟세마네에서 피를 땀처럼 흘리시면서 기도하셨던 것이었다

On the other hand 다른 한 편으로는, only 오직 he 그분께서 //who loses 잃는 his life 그분의 생명을

will save 구하실 것이다 it 그것을/생명을.


We 우리는 are baptised 세례 받는다 into the death 죽음으로 of Christ 그리스도의,

and 그리고 it 그것은 is the remedy 해결책이다 for the Fall 타락자를 위한.


Death 죽음은 is 이다, in fact 사실, [what 그것 some 어떤 modern 현대 people 사람들이 call 부르는

“ambivalent 양면적이라고].”

* ambivalent - having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel:


It 그것은 is Satan’s 사탄의 great 대단한 weapon 무기이며

and 그리고 also 또한 God’s 하나님의 great 위대한 weapon 무기이다:


it 그건 is holy 거룩하고 and unholy 불결하다;

our 우리의 supreme 극도의 disgrace 수치이고 and our 우리의 only 유일한 hope 희망이다;


the thing 그것이고 () Christ 그리스도께서 came 오셔서 /to conquer 정복하시려는

and the means 그 방법인 //by which 그것에 의해서 He 그분께서 conquered 정복하신.

* 죽음에 의하여 죽음을 정복하셨다

Satan 사탄은 produced 창출했었다 human 인간의 Death 죽음을.

But 그러나 when 그때 God 하나님께서 created 창조하셨을 때 Man 사람을

He 그분께서는 gave 주셨다 him 그 사람에게 such 그러한 a constitution 구성체를 that 그건,

if 만약 the highest part 최상부가 of it 구성체의 rebelled 반란하면 against Himself 그분 자신을 거역하여,

it 그건 would be bound 운명 지어져 있다 to lose 상실하기로 control 통제를 over the lower parts 하부의 :

i.e. 말하자면, in the long run 장기적으로는 to suffer 경험하기다 Death 죽음을.

* it = constitution 
* bound ; certain to do something: certain to happen or do something because custom, experience, 

or common sense dictates it obligated:

obliged to do something or behave in a particular way, e.g. for legal or moral reasons determined: firmly resolved

This 이런 provision 조항은 may be regarded 간주될 수 있다 equally 동등하게 as a punitive sentence 처벌선고로서와

(“In the day 그날에 ye 네가 eat 먹는 of that fruit 그 열매를 ye 너는 shall die 죽을 것이다”),
as a mercy 자비와, and 그리고 as a safety device 안전장치로서.

* 사형선고 조항은 처벌의미 말고도 자비와 안전장치 의미도 있는 건 죄인으로서 영생하는 저주의 삶을 끝내기 때문이다

It 그건 is punishment 처벌이다 because 왜냐면 Death 죽음은

—that 그런 Death 죽음 of which 그것에 대하여 Martha 마르다가 says 말한 to Christ 그리스도께,

“But 그러나... Sir 선생님... it’ll 그건 smell 냄새날 것입니다”—

is 이기 때문에 horror 공포스럽고 and ignominy 수치스러운 상태.

(“I 나는 am not so much afraid 그렇게 두려워하지 않는다 of death 죽음에 대해 as ashamed 수치스러운 것만큼

of it 그것에 관해,” said 말했다 Sir Thomas Browne 토마스 브라운 경이.)

* 산자가 죽어 썩어진다는 것이 두렵기보다는 수치스러웠다

It 그건 is mercy 자비이다
because 왜냐면 by willing 자원적이고 and humble 겸손한 surrender 항복 때문에 to it 죽음에 대한
Man 사람은 undoes 취소한다 his 그의 act 행위를 of rebellion 모반의

and 그리고 makes 만든다 [even this 이런 depraved 부패하고 and monstrous 기괴망측한 mode 방식을 of Death 죽음의]

[an instance 한 사례로 of that 그런 higher 고상하고 and mystical 신비한 Death 죽음의

//which 그건 is 이다 eternally 영원히 good 선하고 and a necessary 필수적인 ingredient 성분

/in the highest 최상의 life 삶에서]. 

* undo ; 1. to reverse the doing of; cause to be as if never done. 
* mode; a. A manner, way, or method of doing or acting
* 기괴망측한 죽음을 통하여 최상의 삶터인 천국에 들어갈 수 있다면 죽음은 고상하고 신비한 한 필수요소가 된다

“The readiness 각오가 is all 전부이다”—not, of course 물론, the merely 단순히 heroic 영웅적 readiness 각오가  아니고

but that 그런 각오다 of humility 겸손하고 and self-renunciation 자기부정의.

Our enemy 우리의 원수는, so welcomed 매우 환영되는데, becomes 된다 our servant 우리의 하인이:

bodily 육체적 Death 죽음인, the monster 그 괴물은, becomes 된다 blessed 축복된 spiritual 영적 Death 죽음이

to self 자신에게, if 만약 the spirit 그 영이 so 그렇게 wills 뜻한다면
—or 또는 rather 오히려 if 만약 it 그것이 allows 허락한다면 [the Spirit 그 성령이 of the willingly 자발적으로 dying 죽는

God 하나님의] [so 그렇게 to will 의지/뜻하시게 in it 그것/죽음 안에서].

* 소문자로 쓰인 the spirit 그 영은 self 자신의 영혼이고 대문자로 쓰인 the Spirit은 성령 하나님으로 이해됨

이미 하나님께서 뜻하셨기에 자신이 뜻하기만 하면 영적인 죽음은 축복이 된다

* it는 의미상 the spirit 같아 보이나 아래 문장에서는 it = Death가 적당하기에 전구 Death로 번역함

It 그것은/죽음은 is a safety device 안전장치이다
because 왜냐면, once 일단 Man 인간이 has fallen 타락했으면,

natural 자연적인 immortality 불멸성은 would be 될 것이다 the one 그것이 utterly 철저하게 hopeless 절망적인

destiny 운명이 for him 그에게.

* 죽음은 타락한 상태로 영원히 사는 지옥 같은 삶을 계속되지 못하게 하는 안전장치가 분명한 것을

777년 동안이나 저주받은 땅에서 살며 고단한 삶을 한탄한 라멕이 위로를 찾은 사실이 증명한다

Aided 도움을 받는 상태로 to the surrender 백기투항으로 끝내게 //that 그건 he 그가 must make 수행해야 할 

/by no 아무런 external 외적인 necessity 필요성에 의하지 않고 of Death 죽음의,

* about ; on every side of (something or someone)
A crowd gathered about [=around] him. They wrapped the blanket about [=around] her.
* 외적 죽음 즉 육체적/물리적으로 죽을 필요 없이  그가 수행해야 할 항복으로 끝내게 도움을 받으면서

free 자유롭게 (if 만약 you 당신이 call 부른다면 it 그걸 freedom 자유라고) to rivet 리벳으로 고착시키면서

/faster and faster 빨리빨리  /about himself 그 자신 주변에  /through unending 끝없는 centuries 세기/시대를 통해
[the chains 쇠사슬을 of his own 그 자신의 pride 교만과 and lust 더러운 욕망의

and 그리고 of the nightmare 악몽적 civilisations 문명의
//which 그건 these 이런 것들이 build up 축적한 in ever-increasing 끝없이 증가하는 power 권력과

and complication 복잡다단한 문제로],

* 골자구조 ; free to rivet [the chains]

* 교만과 더러운 욕망의 쇠사슬과  끝없이 증가하는 권력과 복잡다단한 문제로 축적된 악몽적 문명의 쇠사슬을 만들어

자신을 묶는 걸 자유롭게 하면서 (그게 자유라고 한다면)

he 인간은 would progress 진보할 것이다 /from being merely a fallen man 단순히 타락한 인간으로부터

/to being a fiend 친구 되는 것으로, possibly 가능한 한 beyond all modes 모든 방식을 초월해서 of redemption 구속의. 

* (being) free to rivet the chains of his own pride and lust and of the nightmare civilisations


This 이런 danger 위험은 was averted 모면되었다.

* 교만과 더러운 욕망을 포기하지 않은 채 하나님의 친구가 되겠다고 설치면 사는 것 자체가 저주가 된다

{The sentence 그 판결/선고문은
//that 그건 [those 그들이 //who ate 먹었던 of the forbidden 금지된 fruit 과일을] would be driven away 멀리 쫓겨날 것이라는

/from the Tree of Life 생명의 나무로부터}
was implicit 암시적이었다 /in the composite nature //with which Man was created.


* The sentence 동격형절 내용으로 설명된 그 선고는 was implicit 암시적이었다.

* that절의 주어인 명사구 [those //who ate of the forbidden fruit] 선악과를 먹은 그들
* implicit;
    implied: not stated, but understood in what is expressed
    absolute: not affected by any doubt or uncertainty
    contained: present as a necessary part of something
    composite; composed of separate parts


But 그러나 to convert 전환하기 위하여 this 이런 penal 형벌적 death 죽음을

/into the means 방법으로 of eternal life 영생의

—to add 더하기 위해 /to its 그것의 negative 부정적이고 and preventive 예방적 function 역할에

[a positive 긍정적이고 and saving 구원적 function 역할을]—

it 그건 was further necessary 추가적으로 필요하다 [that 그것 death 죽음이 should be accepted 수용되어야 한다는].
* it = [that절 내용]

Humanity 인간은 must embrace 포옹해야 하고 death 죽음을 freely 부담 없이,

submit 복종하고 to it 죽에게 with total 전적인 humility 겸손으로, drink 마셔야 한다 it 그것을 to the dregs 마지막 찌꺼기까지,
and so 그러고 나서 convert 전환해야 한다 it 그것을 into that 그런 mystical 신비한 death 죽음으로

//which 그건 is the secret 비밀인 of life 삶의.

* Those little grains of tea or coffee left at the bottom of the cup are known as the dregs. 
* and so. adverb. subsequently or soon afterward 

But 그러나 only 단지 a Man 인간만이 //who did not need 필요가 없었던 to have been a Man 인간이었기가

at all 전혀 /unless 만약 He 그분께서 had chosen 선택하시지 않으셨다면,

* unless = if not

* 하나님께서 의도하시지 않았다면 인간은 인간일 수가 없었다

only 단지 one 한 사람만 //who served 봉사했던 in our 우리의 sad 슬픈 regiment 조직에서 /as a volunteer 자원자로,

yet also 또한 여전히 one 한 사람인 //who was perfectly 완벽한 a Man 한 인간,
could perform 수행할 수 있다 this 이런 perfect 완벽한 dying 죽음을;


and thus 그런 고로 (which way 어떤 방식으로 you 당신이 put 적용하는 건 it 그걸 is unimportant 중요하지 않다)

either defeat 패배시키든지 Death 죽음을 or 또는 redeem 상환하든지 it 그것을.


He 그분께서는 tasted 맛보셨다 death 죽음을 /on behalf of all others 다른 모든 인간들을 대신하여.


He 그분께서는 is the representative 대표자격인 “Die-er 죽는 자이다” of the universe 우주의:

and for that very reason 바로 그 이유로 the Resurrection 부활과 and the Life 생명이다.


Or 또는 conversely 반대적으로, because He 그분께서 truly 실제로 lives 사셨기에,

He 그분께서는 truly 실제로 dies 죽으셨다,

for 왜냐면 that 그것이 is the very 바로 그 pattern 형식이기에 of reality 현실의.

* 예수님은 종교의 관념적 대상이 아니고 실제로 사셨고 실제로 죽으신 실존하시는 분이시다

Because 왜냐면 the higher 더 높은 것이 can descend 하강할 수 있기에 /into the lower 더 낮은 것으로

[He 그분께서는 //who from all eternity 전체 영원으로부터 has been incessantly 계속적으로 plunging 던져오신

Himself 그분 자신을 /in the blessed 축복된 death 죽음으로 of self-surrender 자기 부인의 /to the Father 아버지께 대해]

can also 또한 most 가장 fully 완전하게 descend 내려오실 수 있다 /into the horrible 끔찍하고

and (for us 우리에게) involuntary 반 자의적 death 죽음으로 of the body 육체의.


Because 왜냐면 Vicariousness 대리라는 것이 is the very 바로 그 idiom 관용어이기 때문에 of the reality 현실의

(that) 그건 He 그분께서 has created 창조하셨던,

His 그분의 death 죽음은 can become 될 수 있다 ours 우리 것이.


The whole 전체 Miracle 기적이,

far from denying 부인하기는커녕 what 그것을 we 우리가 already 이미 know 아는 of reality 현실에 대해,

writes 쓴다 the comment 댓글을

//which 그건 makes 만드는 that 그런 crabbed 까칠한 text 글자/문자를 [plain 단순하게]:

or rather 그 보다는, proves 증명한다 itself 그것 자체가 to be the text 그 문자가 되게

//on which 그것에서 Nature 자연이 was only 유일한 the commentary 주석이 된다는.

In science 과학에서 we 우리는 have been reading 읽어왔다 only 단지 the notes 쪽지만 to a poem 시평으로 쓴;

in Christianity 기독교에서 we 우리는 find 발견한다 the poem itself 시 그 자체를.

* FAR FROM SOMETHING : 1. certainly not something: 2. certainly not something: 3. not at all:
* or rather = or instead 




From Miracles
Compiled in Words to Live By

Miracles: A Preliminary Study. Copyright 1947 C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. Copyright renewed © 1947 C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. Revised 1960, restored 1996 C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Used with permission of HarperCollins Publishers. Words to Live By: A Guide for the Merely Christian. Copyright © 2007 by C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Used with permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

Miracles Page 14

by C. S. Lewis

https://bookreadfree.com/132250/3268093

And one can see how it might have happened. The Enemy persuades Man to rebel against God: Man, by doing so, loses power to control that other rebellion which the Enemy now raises in Man’s organism (both psychical and physical) against Man’s spirit: just as that organism, in its turn, loses power to maintain itself against the rebellion of the inorganic. In that way, Satan p
roduced human Death. But when God created Man he gave him such a constitution that, if the highest part of it rebelled against Himself, it would be bound to lose control over the lower parts: i.e. in the long run to suffer Death. This provision may be regarded equally as a punitive sentence (‘In the day ye eat of that fruit ye shall die’), as a mercy, and as a safety device. It is punishment because Death—that Death of which Martha says to Christ ‘But…Sir…it’ll smell’—is horror and ignominy. (‘I am not so much afraid of death as ashamed of it,’ said Sir Thomas Browne). It is mercy because by willing and humble surrender to it Man undoes his act of rebellion and makes even this depraved and monstrous mode of Death an instance of that higher and mystical Death which is eternally good and a necessary ingredient in the highest life. ‘The readiness is all’–not, of course, the merely heroic readiness but that of humility and self-renunciation. Our enemy, so welcomed, becomes our servant: bodily Death, the monster, becomes blessed spiritual Death to self, if the spirit so wills–or rather if it allows the Spirit of the willingly dying God so to will in it. It is a safety-device because, once Man has fallen, natural immortality would be the one utterly hopeless destiny for him. Aided to the surrender that he must make by no external necessity of Death, free (if you call it freedom) to rivet faster and faster about himself through unending centuries the chains of his own pride and lust and of the nightmare civilisations which these build up in ever-increasing power and complication, he would progress from being merely a fallen man to being a fiend, possibly beyond all modes of redemption. This danger was averted. The sentence that those who ate of the forbidden fruit would be driven away from the Tree of Life was implicit in the composite nature with which Man was created. But to convert this penal death into the means of eternal life–to add to its negative and preventive function a positive and saving function–it was further necessary that death should be accepted. Humanity must embrace death freely, submit to it with total humility, drink it to the dregs, and so convert it into that mystical death which is the secret of life. But only a Man who did not need to have been a Man at all unless He had chosen, only one who served in our sad regiment as a volunteer, yet also only one who was perfectly a Man, could perform this perfect dying; and thus (which way you put it is unimportant) either defeat death or redeem it. He tasted death on behalf of all others. He is the representative ‘Die-er’ of the universe: and for that very reason the Resurrection and the Life. Or conversely, because He truly lives, He truly dies, for that is the very pattern of reality. Because the higher can descend into the lower He who from all eternity has been incessantly plunging Himself in the blessed death of self-surrender to the Father can also most fully descend into the horrible and (for us) involuntary death of the body. Because Vicariousness is the very idiom of the reality He has created, His death can become ours. The whole Miracle, far from denying what we already know of reality, writes the comment which makes that crabbed text plain: or rather, proves itself to be the text on which Nature was only the commentary. In science we have been reading only the notes to a poem; in Christianity we find the poem itself.

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