|
Business career
Main article: Business career of Donald Trump
Further information: Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia
Real estate
Trump Tower in Midtown Manhattan
While a student at Wharton and after graduating in 1968, Trump worked at his father Fred's real estate company, Trump Management, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.[81][82][83] In 1971, he became president of the company and began using The Trump Organization as an umbrella brand.[84] The business had previously used the names Fred C. Trump Organization,[85][86] Fred Trump Organization,[87][88] and Trump Organization,[89] but had not had a single formal name. It was registered as a corporation in 1981.[90]
Manhattan developments
Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict Commodore Hotel, adjacent to Grand Central Terminal. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,[91] who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.[92][93] The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel,[94] and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop Trump Tower, a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.[95] The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization and was Trump's primary residence until 2019.[96][97]
In 1988, Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.[98] In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.[99][100]
In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at 40 Wall Street. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.[101] In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a 70-acre (28 ha) tract in the Lincoln Square neighborhood near the Hudson River. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, Riverside South.[102]
Palm Beach estate
Main article: Mar-a-Lago
Mar-a-Lago in 2009
In 1985, Trump acquired the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida.[103] Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.[104] In 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.[97]
Atlantic City casinos
Entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City
In 1984, Trump opened Harrah's at Trump Plaza hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with financing from the Holiday Corporation, who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.[105]
The property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.[106] Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the Hilton Corporation for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino were called Trump Castle. Trump's then-wife Ivana managed it until 1988.[107][108]
Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the Trump Taj Mahal, in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.[109] It was financed with $675 million in junk bonds and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.[110][111][112] The project went bankrupt the following year,[111] and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.[113] Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, Trump Shuttle, and sold his megayacht, the Trump Princess, which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.[114][115]
In 1995, Trump founded Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the Trump Casino in Gary, Indiana.[116] THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.[117] He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.[118]
Golf courses
Main article: Donald Trump and golf
The Trump Organization began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999.[119] It owned 16 golf courses and resorts worldwide and operated another two as of December 2016.[120]
From his inauguration until the end of 2019, Trump spent around one of every five days at one of his golf clubs.[121]
Branding and licensing
See also: List of things named after Donald Trump
Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago
After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for projects owned and operated by other people and companies.[122] In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to hotel towers located around the world, including Chicago; Las Vegas; Washington, D.C.; Panama City; Toronto; and Vancouver. There were also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, Honolulu, Istanbul, Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.[123]
The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.[124][125] According to an analysis by The Washington Post, there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.[126] By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.[125]
Legal affairs and bankruptcies
Main articles: Legal affairs of Donald Trump and List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump
Fixer Roy Cohn served as Trump's lawyer and mentor for 13 years in the 1970s and 1980s.[127][128] According to Trump, they were so close that Cohn sometimes waived fees due to their friendship.[82] In 1973, Cohn helped Trump counter-sue the United States government for $100 million over its charges that Trump's properties had racial discriminatory practices; in 1975 an agreement was struck for Trump's properties to change their practices.[129] It was Cohn who introduced political consultant Roger Stone to Trump, who enlisted Stone's services to deal with the federal government.[130]
As of April 2018, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by USA Today.[131]
While Trump has not filed for personal bankruptcy, his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection six times between 1991 and 2009.[132][133] They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.[132][133]
During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,[134] but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only Deutsche Bank still willing to lend money.[135]
In April 2019, the House Oversight Committee issued subpoenas seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and Capital One, and his accounting firm, Mazars USA. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman Elijah Cummings to prevent the disclosures.[136][137] In May, DC District Court judge Amit Mehta ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,[138] and judge Edgardo Ramos of the Southern District Court of New York ruled that the banks must also comply.[139][140] Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,[141] arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".[142][143]
Side ventures
Trump attending a New York Mets baseball game at Citi Field
In September 1983, Trump purchased the New Jersey Generals, a team in the United States Football League. After the 1985 season, the league folded, largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule (where they competed with the NFL for audience) and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit against the organization.[144][145]
Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the Atlantic City Convention Hall adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City.[146][147] In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the Tour de Trump cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the Tour de France or the Giro d'Italia.[148]
In the late 1980s, Trump mimicked the actions of Wall Street's so-called corporate raiders, whose tactics had attracted wide public attention. Trump began to purchase significant blocks of shares in various public companies, leading some observers to think he was engaged in the practice called greenmail, or feigning the intent to acquire the companies and then pressuring management to repurchase the buyer's stake at a premium. The New York Times found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but later "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".[75][149][150]
In 1988, Trump purchased the defunct Eastern Air Lines shuttle, with 21 planes and landing rights in New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. He financed the purchase with $380 million from 22 banks, rebranded the operation the Trump Shuttle, and operated it until 1992. Trump failed to earn a profit with the airline and sold it to USAir.[151]
Trump's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
In 1992, Trump, his siblings Maryanne, Elizabeth, and Robert, and cousin John W. Walter, each with a 20 percent share, formed All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp. The company had no offices and is alleged to have been a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's rental units, and then billing those services and supplies to Trump Management with markups of 20–50 percent and more. The proceeds generated by the markups were shared by the owners.[69][152] The increased costs were used as justification to get state approval for increasing the rents of Trump's rent-stabilized units.[69]
From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned all or part of the Miss Universe pageants, including Miss USA and Miss Teen USA.[153][154] Due to disagreements with CBS about scheduling, he took both pageants to NBC in 2002.[155][156] In 2007, Trump received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work as producer of Miss Universe.[157] After NBC and Univision dropped the pageants from their broadcasting lineups in June 2015,[158] Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization and sold the entire company to the William Morris talent agency.[153]
Trump University
Main article: Trump University
In 2004, Trump co-founded Trump University, a company that sold real estate training courses priced from $1,500 to $35,000.[159][160] After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.[161]
In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.[162][163] In addition, two class actions were filed in federal court against Trump and his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees testified that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.[164][165][166] Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.[167]
Foundation
Main article: Donald J. Trump Foundation
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a private foundation established in 1988.[168][169] In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.[170] The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.[171]
In 2016, The Washington Post reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.[172] Also in 2016, the New York State attorney general's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.[173][174] Trump's team announced in December 2016 that the foundation would be dissolved.[175]
In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, seeking $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.[176][177] In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.[178] In November 2019, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.[179][180]
Conflicts of interest
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, then the Prime Minister of Turkey, attended the opening of Trump Towers Istanbul AVM in 2012.
Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a revocable trust run by his eldest sons and a business associate.[181][182] According to ethics experts, this measure does not help avoid conflicts of interest, because Trump continues to profit from his businesses.[183] Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend selling the businesses.[182] Though Trump said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.[183]
Pending lawsuits allege that Trump is violating the Domestic and Foreign Emoluments Clauses of the U.S. Constitution.[184] The plaintiffs say that Trump's business interests could allow foreign governments to influence him.[184][183][185][186] NBC News reported in 2019 that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments, including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses, appeared to have spent money at Trump Organization businesses during his presidency.[187][188] The litigation marks the first time that the Emoluments Clauses have been substantively litigated in court.[184][186] As president, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".[189][183]
Media career
Main article: Media career of Donald Trump
Books
Main article: Bibliography of Donald Trump
Trump has written up to 19 books on business, financial, or political topics, though he has employed ghostwriters to actually write them.[190] Trump's first book, The Art of the Deal (1987), was on the New York Times Best Seller list for 48 weeks. While Trump was credited as co-author, the entire book was ghostwritten by Tony Schwartz.[191] According to The New Yorker, "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." Trump has called the book his second favorite after the Bible.[192]
WWF/WWE
Trump has had a sporadic relationship with the professional wrestling promotion WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment) since the late 1980s.[193][194] He was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013.[195] Most notably, he shaved Vince McMahon's head bald after Bobby Lashley represented him in a Hair vs. Hair match against Umaga at WWE's annual flagship event WrestleMania 23 in 2007.
The Apprentice
Main article: The Apprentice (American TV series)
In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of The Apprentice, a reality show in which Trump played the role of a powerful chief executive and contestants competed for a year of employment at the Trump Organization. Trump winnowed out contestants with his famous catchphrase "You're fired".[196] He later co-hosted The Celebrity Apprentice, in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.[196]
Acting
Main article: Donald Trump filmography
Trump has made cameo appearances in eight films and television shows.[197][198]
Talk shows
Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated Howard Stern Show.[199] He also had his own short-form talk radio program called Trumped! (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.[200][201] In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on Fox & Friends, a role that continued until he became a presidential candidate in 2015.[202][203]
Political career
Main article: Political career of Donald Trump
Political activities up to 2015
Trump and President Bill Clinton in June 2000
Trump's political party affiliation changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.[204]
In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in three major newspapers,[205] advocating peace in Central America, accelerated nuclear disarmament talks with the Soviet Union, and reduction of the federal budget deficit by making American allies pay "their fair share" for military defense.[206] He ruled out running for local office but not for the presidency.[205]
2000 presidential campaign
Main article: Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign
In 1999, Trump filed an exploratory committee to seek the nomination of the Reform Party for the 2000 presidential election.[207][208] A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee George W. Bush and likely Democratic nominee Al Gore showed Trump with seven percent support.[209] Trump dropped out of the race in February 2000.[210]
2012 presidential speculation
Trump speaking at CPAC 2011
Trump speculated about running against President Barack Obama in the 2012 election, making his first speaking appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in February 2011 and giving speeches in early primary states.[211][212] In May 2011 he announced he would not run.[211]
Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.[213] Before the 2016 election, The New York Times speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner in April 2011.[214]
In 2011, the superintendent of the New York Military Academy at the time, Jeffrey Coverdale, ordered the headmaster of the school, Evan Jones, to give him Trump's academic records so he could keep them secret, according to Jones. Coverdale confirmed that he had been asked to hand the records over to members of the school's board of trustees who were Trump's friends, but he refused to and instead sealed them on campus. The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded the release of Obama's academic records.[215]
2013–2015
In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;[216] he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.[217][218] He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.[219]
In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting that Trump run for governor in 2014 against Andrew Cuomo. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.[220] A poll showed Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.[221]
Trump's attorney Michael Cohen said that he sent letters to the New York Military Academy and Fordham in May 2015, threatening legal action if the schools ever released Trump's grades or SAT scores. Fordham confirmed receipt of the letter as well as a phone call from a member of the Trump team.[222]
2016 presidential campaign
Main article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign
Republican primaries
See also: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
Trump campaigning in Laconia, New Hampshire, July 2015
On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States.[223][224] His campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.[225]
On Super Tuesday, Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries.[226] After a landslide win in Indiana on May 3, 2016 – which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and John Kasich to suspend their presidential campaigns – RNC chairman Reince Priebus declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.[227]
General election campaign
Hillary Clinton had a significant lead over Trump in national polls throughout most of 2016. In early July, her lead narrowed in national polling averages.[228][229][230]
Candidate Trump and running mate Mike Pence at the Republican National Convention, July 2016
On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate.[231] Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.[232]
Trump and Clinton faced off in three presidential debates in September and October 2016. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.[233][234]
Political positions
Main article: Political positions of Donald Trump
Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating U.S.–China relations and free trade agreements such as NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building a new wall along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing energy independence while opposing climate change regulations such as the Clean Power Plan and the Paris Agreement, modernizing and expediting services for veterans, repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, abolishing Common Core education standards, investing in infrastructure, simplifying the tax code while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing tariffs on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely non-interventionist approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries[235] to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called NATO "obsolete".[236][237]
Trump's political positions and rhetoric are right-wing populist.[238][239][240] He supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.[241][242] Politico has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",[243] while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.[244]
Campaign rhetoric
In his campaign, Trump said he disdained political correctness and frequently made claims of media bias.[245][246][247] His fame and provocative statements earned him an unprecedented amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.[248]
Trump made a record number of false statements compared to other candidates;[249][250][251] the press reported on his campaign lies and falsehoods, with the Los Angeles Times saying, "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has."[252] His campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.[253]
Trump adopted the phrase "truthful hyperbole", coined by his ghostwriter Tony Schwartz, to describe his public speaking style.[254][255]
Support from the far right
According to Michael Barkun, the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.[256] During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.[257][258][259] He retweeted open racists,[260][261] and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the Ku Klux Klan or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's State of the Union, saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.[262][263] Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".[264][265]
After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed Duke and the Klan.[266]
The alt-right movement coalesced around and enthusiastically supported Trump's candidacy,[267][268] due in part to its opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.[269][270][271]
In August 2016, he appointed Steve Bannon – the executive chairman of Breitbart News – as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".[272] In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.[273][274]
Financial disclosures
As a candidate, Trump's FEC-required reports listed assets above $1.4 billion[64][275] and outstanding debts of at least $315 million.[120]
Trump has not released his tax returns, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promises in 2014 and 2015 to do so if he ran for office.[276][277] He said his tax returns were being audited (in actuality, audits do not prevent release of tax returns), and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.[278] Trump has told the press his tax rate is none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".[279]
In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from The New York Times. They show that Trump had declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.[280]
On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to MSNBC. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.[281][282]
In 2019, the House Ways and Means Committee sought Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018 from the Internal Revenue Service.[283] Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin refused to turn over the documents,[284][285][286] and ultimately defied a subpoena issued by the committee.[287] A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that tax returns must be provided to Congress upon request, unless a president invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's position.[288][289]
Election to the presidency
Main article: 2016 United States presidential election
2016 electoral vote results
On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged electoral votes versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after defections on both sides.[290] Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president while losing the popular vote.[e][293] Clinton was ahead nationwide, with 65,853,514 votes (48.18%) compared to Trump's 62,984,828 votes (46.09%).[294]
President Obama and president-elect Trump on November 10, 2016
Trump's victory was a political upset.[295] Polls had consistently shown Clinton with a nationwide – though diminishing – lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated, while Clinton's had been overestimated.[296] The polls were relatively accurate,[297] but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.[298]
Trump won 30 states; included were Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, which had been part of what was considered a blue wall of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the District of Columbia. Trump's victory marked the return of an undivided Republican government – a Republican White House combined with Republican control of both chambers of Congress.[299]
Trump is the oldest person to take office as president.[300] He is also the first president who did not serve in the military or hold any government office prior to becoming president.[301][302]
Protests
Main article: Protests against Donald Trump
Women's March in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after Trump's inauguration
Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, both inside and outside the venues.[303][304][305] Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially tweeted that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media" and "unfair", but later "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."[306][307]
In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the Women Marches, which gathered 2.6 million people worldwide,[308] including 500,000 in Washington alone.[309] Marches against his travel ban began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.[310]
|