Jesus Washes His Disciples' Feet <예수님께서 제자들의 발을 씻기시다 >
요한 복음 John 13:01. It was just before the Passover Feast. Jesus knew|that the time had come|for him to leave this world|and go to the Father. Having loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love.[1]
【Vowp語彙】* it [it] You use it as the subject of `be', to say what the time, day, or date is. pron. ⦗시간·시일을 막연히 가리키어⦘• What time is it?―It is half past ten. 지금 몇 시죠―10시 반입니다 • It was Sunday yesterday. 어제는 일요일이었다 • It is (now) five years since he died. 그가 죽은 지 (벌써) 다섯 해가 된다 • How long does it take from here to the post office? 여기서 우체국까지는 (시간이) 얼마나 걸립니까.
* just : You use just to indicate that what you are saying is the case, but only by a very small degree or amount. ɑd. 정확히, 틀림없이, 바로, 꼭 • ~ then 바로 그때 • This is ~ what I mean. 그것이 바로 내가 하고 싶은 말이다. ⦗완료형과 함께⦘ 이제 방금, 막 (…하였다) • He has ~ left. 그는 방금 떠났다. ⦗종종 only와 함께⦘ 겨우, 간신히, 가까스로 • I was (only) ~ in time for school. 간신히 학교 시간에 대어 갔다. 다만, 단지; 오로지
* Pass·o·ver [pǽsòuvǝr, pάːs-] n. Passover is a Jewish festival that begins in March or April and lasts for seven or eight days. Passover begins with a special meal that reminds Jewish people of how God helped their ancestors escape from Egypt. 〖성서〗 유월절(逾越節)《출애굽기 XII:27》; (p-) 유월절에 제물로 바치는 어린 양; 《Sc.》 빠뜨린 것. to take no notice of; disregard
* the Father : 하느님 아버지
* feast [fiːst] n. A feast is a large and special meal. A feast is a day or time of the year when a special religious celebration takes place. = festival 축제(일)《주로 종교상의》 축연(祝宴), 잔치, 향연(banquet) 대접; 진수성찬. ━vt. …을 위해 축연을 베풀다(regale); 대접하다《on》
※⟪SYN⟫ feast는 원래 기독교와 관계 있는 축연을 뜻하였으나 지금은 진수성찬을 차리는 ‘축연’을 뜻하는 일반적인 뜻의 ‘축연’. fete는 특히 문밖에서 행하는 화려한 축연. festival은 환락하는 것이 특색인 축연으로서 반드시 성찬을 안 차려도 좋음. banquet는 성찬을 풍부히 제공하는 호화롭고 사치한 연회(feast).
* leave¹ [liːv] vt. If you leave a place or person, you go away from that place or person. 떠나다, 출발하다; 헤어지다 • We ~ here tomorrow 내일 여기를 떠난다.
* own [oun] pron. You use own to indicate that something belongs to a particular person or thing. ⦗독립하여⦘ (one’s ~) …자신의 것, …자신의 소유물〔입장, 책임〕, 자신의 가족 • Keep it for your (very) ~. 네 것으로 받아 두어라 • I can do what I will with my ~. 내 것은 어떻게 하건 내 마음대로다 • Only my Sundays are my ~. 일요일만은 내 마음대로다.
* full : 한도껏, 최고의, 최대한의; 한창의; 본격적인 • in ~ activity〔swing〕 최고조로, 한창으로 • ~ speed 전속력 • ~ bloom 만발 • ~ summer 한여름.
* ex·tent [ikstént] n. If you are talking about how great, important, or serious a difficulty or situation is, you can refer to the extent of it. You use expressions such as to what extent, to that extent, or to the extent that when you are discussing how true a statement is, or in what ways it is true 넓이, 크기, 길이. 광활한 지역 정도; 범위, 한계, 한도 • sing at the full ~ of one’s lungs 목청껏 노래하다. • to a great 〔large〕 ~ 대부분은, 크게. • to some 〔a certain〕 ~ 어느 정도까지, 다소. • to the ~ of 〔that〕 ... …의 한도까지, …까지, …만큼. • to the utmost 〔full〕 ~ of one’s power 힘이 미치는 한, 힘껏, 극도로. the full extent 전체 범위[크기]. to the full[utmost] extent of one's power 힘껏, 전력을 다하여 the full extent of the damage 손해의 전체 범위 the full extent of his love : 그의 한없는 사랑 **********
【Gram文法】① 부사 just 수식 : 뒤에 나온 부사구 before the Passover Feast를 수식한다.
It was just before the Passover Feast. : 때는 유월절 바로 전이었다.
② 수식구 후위수식 : 형용사[부정사]구 관계사의 후위 수식 : :
㉮ 형용사[부정사]구 후위수식 : Jesus knew|that the time had come|for him to leave this world|and go to the Father. [12장 22절 참조] the time had come|for him to leave this world|and go to the Father. 주어 동사 형용사구로서 the time 수식 him은 to leave, 해의 의미상 주어
➔ the time |for him to leave this world|and go to the Father|had come. -- 주어가 너무 길다
the time을 수식하는 부정사구로 형용사적 역할 동사
https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/170 https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/269
삼라만상-변불변의진리 | 문장의 외위치[Extraposition] - Daum 카페
삼라만상-변불변의진리 | 부정사 관계사 후위 수식 - Daum 카페카페
㉯ 관계사 후위수식 ➔ the time |when he would leave this world|and go to the Father|had come..
관계부사절로 the time을 수식하는 형용사절임
③ 분사구문 :
㉮ 이유 원인을 나타내는 분사구문 : As[Since, Because] he had loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love. [아래 참조] 예수님[그]께서 그의 제자들을 사랑하였기 때문에
➔ Having loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love.
그의 사랑의 모든 범위[것]을 ➔그의 한없는 사랑
㉯ 연속동작 : --, and + 동사 → (---하여 -----하다.) 그리고 ---하다
㉠ My train starts at six, and (it) arrives in Chicago at nine.
= My train starts at six, arriving in chicago at nine. (내가 탈 기차는 6시에 출발하여, 9시에 시카고에 도착한다.)
㉡ We started in the morning, and arrived there at noon. --- ⓐ
= We started in the morning, arriving there at noon. --- ⓑ 아침에 출발해서 정오에 거기에 도착했다.
일반적으로 먼저 일어난 사실을 주절로 쓰고 나중에 일어난 사건을 and + 동사, 또는 분사구문 형태로 표현한다. 그러나
앞을 분사구문으로 고쳐볼 수 있다. Starting in the morning, he arrived there at noon. [아래 참조]
https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/84 [부대상황] https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/61 [문장전환]
https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/43 [분사구문]
④ the full extent of his love : 그의 최대한(범위)의 사랑 ➔ 그의 한없는 사랑 ➔ 절로 고치면
that he loves them to the full extent. 그가 그들을 한없이사랑하고 있다는 것을
주술관계를 나타내는 소유격용법 :
https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/12 https://cafe.daum.net/snmk333/DYlk/133
⑤ 여려 문형이 있으나 이 분사구문으로만 공부해보겠습니다.
New International Version : It was just before the Passover Festival. Jesus knew that the hour had come for him to leave this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 부대사황[연속동작] 또는 이유를 나타내는 분사구문 들로 볼 수 있다.
Contemporary English Version : It was before Passover, and Jesus knew that the time had come for him to leave this world and to return to the Father. He had always loved his followers in this world, and he loved them to the very end. 비중이 떨어지는 부분을 분사구문화 시킴
Catholic Public Domain Version : Before the feast day of the Passover, Jesus knew that the hour was approaching when he would pass from this world to the Father. And since he had always loved his own who were in the world, he loved them unto the end. 이유나 원인을 나타내는 분사구문
Worsley New Testament : Now before the feast of the passover, (Jesus knowing that his hour was come, when He should pass out of this world unto the Father, as He had loved his own, who were yet in the world, He loved them unto the end:) 이유나 원인을 나타내는 분사구문
⑥⑦ https://biblehub.com/john/13-1.htm
It was just before the Passover Feast. Jesus knew|that the time had come|for him to leave this world|and go to the Father. Having loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love.[1]
[신버젼] It was just before the Passover Festival. Jesus knew that the hour had come for him to leave this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end.
【Tran-1】때는 유월절 바로 전이었다. / 예수님께서는 아셨습니다. / 때가 왔다는 것을 / 그[자신]가 이 세상을 떠나 / 아버지께로 갈 / (예수님께서는) 자기의 사람들을 사랑하셨다[기 때문에] / 이 세상에 있는 / (그래서) 그(예수님)는 그들에게 자신의 한없는 사랑을 이제 보여주셨습니다. [신버젼-끝까지]
【Tran-2】때는 유월절 바로 전이었다. 예수님께서는 그[자신]가 이 세상을 떠나 아버지께로 갈 때가 왔다는 것을 아셨습니다. 예수님께서는 이 세상에 있는 자기의 사람들을 사랑하하셔서[셨기 때문에], 그(예수님)는 그들에게 자신의 한없는 사랑을 보여주셨습니다. [신버젼 -끝까지 사랑하셨습니다[
13:01 <제자들의 발을 씻기신 예수님> 유월절 바로 전에, 예수님께서는 자신이 이 세상을 떠나 아버지께로 돌아갈 때가 왔다는 것을 아셨습니다. 예수님께서는 세상에 있는 자기의 사람들을 사랑하시되 끝까지 사랑하셨습니다.
••✍•☞
深化 |
② 수식구 후위수식 : 형용사[부정사]구 관계사의 후위 수식 : :
㉮ 형용사[부정사]구 후위수식 : Jesus knew|that the time had come|for him to leave this world|and go to the Father. [12장 22절 참조] the time had come|for him to leave this world|and go to the Father. 주어 동사 형용사구로서 the time 수식 him은 to leave, 해의 의미상 주어
➔ the time |for him to leave this world|and go to the Father|had come. -- 주어가 너무 길다
the time을 수식하는 부정사구로 형용사적 역할 동사
㉯ 관계사 후위수식 ➔ the time |when he would leave this world|and go to the Father|had come..
관계부사절로 the time을 수식하는 형용사절임
㉮ 후위수식 : 주어가 너무 길어 수식부분을 문장 끝[뒤]으로 돌려 동사 뒤에서 수식하게 하여 문장의 균형을 이루는 용법.
정상 어순 : those who were hired first came ➔ 후위 수식 those came|who were hired first,
주어 관계대명사에 의한 수식구 동사 주부[수식구에 의한 주어]는 너무 길고 동사는 짧다.
• The time when you will regret it will come .
➔ The time will come when you will regret it. 그 일을 후회할 때가 올 것이다.
The day will come when my dream will come true
➔ The day when my dream will come true will come
Night | when no one can work is coming,. ➔ Night is coming,|when no one can work
㉯ for 사람 to V : for 사람[의미상 주어] to V : The hour has come|for the Son of Man|to be glorified. = The hour|for the Son of Man|to be glorified|has come. = 주어가 너무 길다. ➔ The hour has come|when the Son of Man|will be glorified. ---후위수식
㉰ 수동태를 쓴 이유 : 행위자를 감추기 위해서 = 아마 행위자는 일반 사람이겠죠.
The hour has come|when they will glorify Son of Man.
➔ The hour has come|when Son of Man will be glorified (by them).
➔ The hour has come|for Son of Man to be glorified.
➔주부 주어가 너무 길어 후위수식 : The hour|for Son of Man to be glorified|has come. ③④⑤
③ 분사구문 :
㉮ 이유 원인을 나타내는 분사구문 : As[Since, Because] he had loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love. [아래 참조] 예수님[그]께서 그의 제자들을 사랑하였기 때문에
➔ Having loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love.
그의 사랑의 모든 범위[것]을 ➔그의 한없는 사랑
㉯ 연속동작 : --, and + 동사 → (---하여 -----하다.) 그리고 ---하다
㉠ My train starts at six, and (it) arrives in Chicago at nine.
= My train starts at six, arriving in chicago at nine. (내가 탈 기차는 6시에 출발하여, 9시에 시카고에 도착한다.)
㉡ We started in the morning, and arrived there at noon. --- ⓐ
= We started in the morning, arriving there at noon. --- ⓑ 아침에 출발해서 정오에 거기에 도착했다.
일반적으로 먼저 일어난 사실을 주절로 쓰고 나중에 일어난 사건을 and + 동사, 또는 분사구문 형태로 표현한다. 그러나
앞을 분사구문으로 고쳐볼 수 있다. Starting in the morning, he arrived there at noon. [아래 참조]
㉢ A fire broke out near my house, and destroyed three houses. -- ⓐ
= A fire broke out near my house, destroying three houses. -- ⓑ
화재가 우리 집 근처에서 발생해서, 세 집을 태웠다.
④ the full extent of his love : 그의 최대한(범위)의 사랑 ➔ 그의 한없는 사랑 ➔ 절로 고치면
that he loves them to the full extent. 그가 그들을 한없이사랑하고 있다는 것을
⑤ 여려 문형이 있으나 이 분사구문으로만 공부해보겠습니다.
New International Version : It was just before the Passover Festival. Jesus knew that the hour had come for him to leave this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 부대사황[연속동작] 또는 이유를 나타내는 분사구문 들로 볼 수 있다.
Contemporary English Version : It was before Passover, and Jesus knew that the time had come for him to leave this world and to return to the Father. He had always loved his followers in this world, and he loved them to the very end. 비중이 떨어지는 부분을 분사구문화 시킴
New Living Translation : Before the Passover celebration, Jesus knew that his hour had come to leave this world and return to his Father. He had loved his disciples during his ministry on earth, and now he loved them to the very end.
Good News Translation : It was now the day before the Passover Festival. Jesus knew that the hour had come for him to leave this world and go to the Father. He had always loved those in the world who were his own, and he loved them to the very end.
Amplified Bible : Now before the Passover Feast, Jesus knew that His hour had come [and it was time] for Him to leave this world and return to the Father. Having [greatly] loved His own who were in the world, He loved them [and continuously loves them with His perfect love] to the end (eternally).
GOD'S WORD® Translation : Before the Passover festival, Jesus knew that the time had come for him to leave this world and go back to the Father. Jesus loved his own who were in the world, and he loved them to the end.
NET Bible : Just before the Passover feast, Jesus knew that his time had come to depart from this world to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he now loved them to the very end.
New Living Translation : Before the Passover celebration, Jesus knew that his hour had come to leave this world and return to his Father. He had loved his disciples during his ministry on earth, and now he loved them to the very end.
English Standard Version : Now before the Feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart out of this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 부대사황[연속동작] 또는 이유를 나타내는 분사구문 들로 볼 수 있다
Catholic Public Domain Version : Before the feast day of the Passover, Jesus knew that the hour was approaching when he would pass from this world to the Father. And since he had always loved his own who were in the world, he loved them unto the end. 이유나 원인을 나타내는 분사구문
Aramaic Bible in Plain English : But before the feast of the Passover, Yeshua had known that the hour had arrived that he would depart from this world to his Father, and he loved his own who were in this world and until the end he loved them.
Worsley New Testament : Now before the feast of the passover, (Jesus knowing that his hour was come, when He should pass out of this world unto the Father, as He had loved his own, who were yet in the world, He loved them unto the end:) 이유나 원인을 나타내는 분사구문
분사구문 1
이유 원인을 나타내는 분사구문 : As[Since, Because] he had loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love. [아래 참조] 예수님[그]께서 그의 제자들을 사랑하였기 때문에
➔ Having loved his own|who were in the world,|he now showed them|the full extent of his love.
그의 사랑의 모든 범위[것]을 ➔그의 한없는 사랑
분사구문: Utterly amazed, they asked. → As they were utterly amazed, they asked.
◈분사구문이란 접속사+주어+동사인 절을 현재분사의 형태인 동사의 원형+ing로 간단히 줄여서 구로 만든 구분임. 이 때 분사구문=접속사+주어+동사 관계가 있다는 점에 유의해야 하며 분사구문에는 시간․이유․조건․양보․연속 동작․동시동작 등을 나타내는 접속사의 의미가 내포되어 있음
◈절을 분사구문으로 고치는 방법
1. 접속사를 생략한다.
2. 부사절 또는 등위절의 주어가 주절의 주어와 같을 때는 그 절의 주어를 없앤다.
3. 주어가 같을 때 접속사가 있는 절의 동사를 동사의 원형+ing로 고친다.
1) 때 : When he saw me, he ran away. 복문 [나를 보았을 때, 그는 도망 갔다.]
(When) seeing me, he ran away. 단문
2) 이유 : As they were utterly amazed, they asked. 그들은 완전히 놀라서, 물어보았다.
As being utterly amazed, they asked. 뜻을 분명히 하기위해 접속사를 그대로 둔다,
(Being) utterly amazed, they asked.
3) 조건 : If you turn to the right, you will find the house. 오른 쪽으로 돌면, 그 집을
Turning to the right, you will find the house. 찾을 것이다.
4) 양보: Though I admit what you say, I still don't believe it. 네가 말하는 것을 인정
Admiting what you say, I still don't believe it. 한다 할지라도
5) 부대 상황 ( 동시동작 : As ---, While--- : ----하면서)
He extended his hand, while he smiled brightly. 그는 손을 내밀었다,
He extended his hand, smiling brightly. 환하게 웃으면서
6) 부대 상황 ( 연속동작: , and --- 그리고 ---하다.)
We started in the morning, and arrived in Seoul at seven.
We started in the morning, arriving in Seoul at seven.
② Are not all these men|who are speaking | Galileans?
V S C
분사구문 2
◆ 분사구문이란 현재분사나 과거분사를 이용해「접속사+주어+동사」의 부사절을 분사로 시작하는 부사구로 바꾼 것이다.
◉ ▷ 부사절을 분사구문으로
After he finished lunch, he went out for a walk. (점심식사를 끝낸 후에 그는 산책하러 나갔다.)
⇨ Finishing lunch, he went out for a walk.
▷ 분사구문의 부정 : 분사 앞에 not이나 never를 붙임.
• Not knowing him, I kept silent. (그를 알지 못했기 때문에 나는 조용히 있었다.)
• Not having enough money, I can’t enjoy shopping. (나는 돈이 넉넉하지 않아서 쇼핑을 즐길 수가 없다.)
• Not knowing French, I couldn’t read the book. (불어를 몰랐기 때문에 나는 그 책을 읽을 수 없었다.)
• Not satisfied with the result, he shook his head. (그 결과에 만족하지 않았기 때문에 그는 고개를 가로 저었다.)
▷ 완료분사구문
「Having+과거분사~」의 형태를 취하는 완료분사구문은 주절의 시제보다 앞선 시제를 나타내게 된다.
• I have read the newspaper, I know about the accident.
⇨ Having read the newspaper, I know about the accident. (신문을 읽었기 때문에 나는 그 사고에 대해 알고있다.)
• I had finished the work, I went to bed.
⇨ Having finished the work, I went to bed. (그 일을 끝내고서 나는 잠자리에 들었다.)
• I have been written in haste, the book has many faults.
⇨ Having been written in haste, the book has many faults.(서둘러 쓰여진 것이어서 그책에는 틀린 것이 많다.)
◉ 분사구문의 용법 : 분사구문은 시간, 이유, 조건, 양보, 그리고 부대상황을 나타낸다.
▷: 시간을 나타내는 분사구문 : 「~하는 때에, ~한 후에」라는 시간의 의미를 나타낸다.
• Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine. (거리를 걷다가 한 친구를 만났다.)
= While I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
• Finishing the work, we watched the game on TV.(일을 끝내고 나서 우리는 TV로 경기를 보았다.)
= After we finished the work, we watched the game on TV.
• Arriving at the station, I called him up. (역에 도착해서 나는 그에게 전화를 걸었다.)
= When I arrived at the station, I called him up.
• Left alone, she began to cry. (그녀는 혼자 남게 되자 울기 시작했다.)
= When she was left alone, she began to cry.
▷ 이유를 나타내는 분사구문 : 「~때문에, ~해서」라는 이유를 나타낸다.
• Having no car, she stayed at home. (차가 없어서 그녀는 집에 머물러 있었다.)
= As she had no car, she stayed at home.
• Overcome with surprise, he was unable to speak. (너무도 놀란 나머지 그는 말을 할 수 없었다.)
= As he was overcome with surprise, he was unable to speak.
• Being sick, he couldn’t attend the meeting. (아팠기 때문에 그는 회의에 참석할 수 없었다.)
= Because he was sick, he couldn’t attend the meeting.
• Being tired with the hard work, I went to bed early. (힘든 일로 지쳤기 때문에 나는 일찍 잠자리에 들었다.)
= Because I was tired with the hard work, I went to bed early.
• Being sure of their victory, they moved in that direction. (승리를 확신했기때문에 그들은 그방향으로 나아갔다.)
= Because they were sure of their victory, they moved in that direction.
▷ 조건을 나타내는 분사구문 : 「~라면, ~한다면」이라는 의미로 조건을 나타낸다.
• Turning to the left, you will see the building. (왼쪽으로 돌면 당신이 찾는 건물이 보일 겁니다.)
= If you turn to the left, you will see the building.
• Considering his age, he is very wise. (그의 나이를 고려한다면 그는 아주 현명한 편이다.)
= If you consider his age, he is very wise.
• Getting up early, I’ll go there. (일찍 일어난다면, 나는 그곳에 갈 것이다.)
= If I get up early, I’ll go there.
▷ 양보를 나타내는 분사구문 : 「~일지라도, 비록 ~이지만」이라는 의미로 양보의 뜻을 나타낸다.
• Admitting he is right, I cannot forgive him. (그가 옳다는 것을 인정한다 할지라도 나는 그를 용서할 수 없다.)
= = Even if I admit he is right, I cannot forgive him.
• Living on the seashore, he cannot swim. (해변에 살고 있지만 그는 수영을 못한다.)
= Though he lives on the seashore, he cannot swim.
• Being invited to the party, she did not come. (파티에 초대를 받았지만 그녀는 오지 않았다.)
= Though she was invited to the party, she did not come.
▷▷ 부대상황을 나타내는 분사구문 : 「~하면서, ~한 채」라는 동시 동작을 나타낸다. 이를 부대상황을 나타내는 분사구문이라 하는데 부대상황의 경우에는 절로 바꾸지 않는 것이 원칙이다.
• Looking at his mother, he asked what was the matter with her. (어머니를 쳐다보며 그는 어머니에게 무슨일이 있는지를 물었다.) •As[while] he looked at his mother, he asked what was the matter with her.
• Standing on the cliff, he watched the sun setting. (그는 절벽에 서서 해가 지는 것을 바라보았다.)
= As[while] he stood on the cliff, he watched the sun setting.
• Singing together, they danced round and round. (함께 노래를 부르면서 그들은 빙글빙글 돌며 춤을 추었다.)
= As[while] they sang together, they danced round and round.
• He went away, waving his hand. (그는 손을 흔들며 가 버렸다.)
=He went away, as[while] he waved his hand.
•The boy ran away, followed by a barking dog. (그 소년은 짖어대는 개에게 쫓기면서 달아났다.)
= The boy ran away, as[while] he was followed by a barking dog
◉ 연속동작 and :「앞뒤의 관계를 보여서」 ┅하고 (나서), 그리고 나서
부대상황의 분사구문은 경우에 따라 and 를 이용해 절로 바꿀 수 있다
• The train starts at six, arriving there at seven. (그 기차는 여섯 시에 출발해서 일곱 시에 그곳에 도착할 것이다.)
= The train starts at six,and arrives there at seven.
◉ 보충 학습 : 부대상황을 나타내는「with+목적어+형용사/부사(구)」
분사구문 대신에 전치사 with를 이용한 부사구로도 부대상황을 표현할 수 있다. 대체로「with+목적어+형용사/부사(구)」의 형태로 표현된다.
• Don’t speak with your mouth full.(입에 음식을 가득 문 채 말하지 말아라.)
=• He was sitting on the sofa with a pipe in his mouth. (그는 파이프를 입에 문 채 소파에 앉아 있었다.)
•Mr. Smith often sleeps with one eye open. (스미스 씨는 종종 한 눈을 뜬 채 잠을 잔다.)
• She worked with her new clothes on. (그녀는 새 옷을 입고 일했다.) on은 부사
•He stood there with his back against the wall. (그는 벽에 등을 기댄 채 거기에 서 있었다.)
• She ran away with her baby in her arms. (그녀는 자신의 아기를 팔에 안고 달아났다.)
▷◉ 독립 분사구문
▷ 분사구문의 의미상 주어와 주절의 주어가 일치하지 않은 경우에는 분사 앞에 주어를 밝혀 주어야 한다. 이를 독립 분사구문이라 한다.
• The sun having set, we started for home. (해가 지자 우리는 집으로 출발했다.)
= When the sun had set, we started for home.
•The signal being given, we set off. (신호가 떨어지자 우리는 출발했다.)
= When the signal was given, we set off.
•It being fine, they went hiking. (날씨가 좋았기 때문에 그들은 하이킹을 갔다.)
= As it was fine, they went hiking.
• There being no bus service, we had to walk to school. (버스 편이 없었기 때문에 우리는 학교에 걸어가야만했다.)
= As there was no bus service, we had to walk to school.
• There being nothing to do, I went to the movies. (할 일이 없었기 때문에 나는 영화 보러 갔다.)
= Because there was nothing to do, I went to the movies.
◉ 무인칭 독립분사구문
분사구문의 의미상 주어가 we, you, they 등 일반인 주어인 경우에는 의미상 주어를 생략하고 쓰는 것이 보통이다. 이를 무인칭 독립분사구문이라 한다.
•Generally speaking (일반적으로 말해)
•Generally speaking, English is not easy to speak.(일반적으로 말해 영어는 말하기 쉽지 않다.)
=• Considering ~ (~을 고려하면)
•Considering his age, he sees and hears very well. (그의 나이를 고려하면 그는 보기도 잘 보고 듣기도 잘 듣는다.)
•Judging from ~ (~으로 판단하건대)
Judging from his accent, he seems to be an American.(그의 억양으로 판단하건대 그는 미국인인 것 같다.)
▷•Talking of ~ (~에 대해 이야기하자면)
Talking of bears, here is a story for you. (곰에 대해 말하자면 당신에게 해 줄 이야기가 있다.)
• Granting that ~ (~을 인정한다면 , ~을 인정한다 하더라도)
Granting that you were drunk, you are responsible for your conduct.
(술취했다는 것을 인정한다 하더라도 당신은 당신 행동에 책임을 져야 한다.)
• Compared with ~ (~을 비교하면)
Compared with last year, prices have risen by 20 per cent. (작년과 비교해 물가는 20%가 상승했다.)
• Frankly speaking (솔직히 말해서)
Frankly speaking, I didn’t do my homework yet. (솔직히 말해 나는 아직 숙제를 하지 않았다.)
• Strictly speaking (엄격히 말해서)
Strictly speaking, she is not so good at math. (엄격히 말하면 그녀는 수학을 그렇게 잘하는 것이 아니다.)
• Supposing ~ (~라면)
Supposing it were true, what would happen? (그것이 사실이라면 어떻게 될까?)
• Given ~ (~라면)
Given good weather, the thing can be done. (날씨가 좋다면, 그 일은 가능하다.)
• Provided (that) ~ = Providing (that) ~ (~라면)
• Provided (that) all your work is done, you may go home. (일이 다 끝나면 당신은 집에 가도 좋다.)
= Providing (that) all your work is done, you may go home.
• Seeing that ~ (~을 보면, ~이므로)
=His English is not bad, seeing that he has learned it for six months.
(영어를 배운지 겨우 6개월이라는 점에서 보면 그의 영어실력은 나쁘지 않다.)
◉ 주의해야 할 분사구문
▷ Being과 Having been의 생략
분사구문이「Being+과거분사/명사/형용사」나 「Having been+과거분사/명사/ 형용사」의 형태로 시작하는 경우에는 ▷Being이나 Having been은 생략하는 것이 보통이다. 따라서 이 경우에는 생략된 Being/Having been을 보충해 보면 의미 파악이 쉬워진다.
• Left to herself, she wept bitterly. (혼자 남겨졌기 때문에 그녀는 서럽게 울었다.)
= Being left to herself, she wept bitterly.
• Born in better times, he would have become famous. (그가 좀 더 좋은 시절에 태어났다면 유명해졌을 텐데.)
= Being born in better times, he would have become famous.
• Written in an easy style, the book has many readers. (쉬운 문체로 쓰였기 때문에 그 책은 많은 독자를 갖고 있다.)
= Being written in an easy style, the book has many readers.
• Seen from the plane, the island was beautiful. (비행기에서 보니 그 섬은 아름다웠다.)
= Being seen from the plane, the island was beautiful.
• Printed in haste, this book has many misprints. (급하게 인쇄됐기 때문에 이 책에는 인쇄 잘못이 많다.)
= Having been printed in haste, this book has many misprints.
•A kind man, he is loved by everybody. (친절한 사람이기 때문에 그는 모든 사람들에게 사랑 받고 있다.)
= Being a kind man, he is loved by everybody.
• Ill and poor, the boy is always smiling. (병들고 가난하지만 그 소년은 언제나 미소를 짓고 있다.)
=Being ill and poor, the boy is always smiling.
• Impatient of the heavy work, he resigned his post. (과중한 일을 견딜 수 없었기 때문에 그는 사직했다.)
=Being impatient of the heavy work, he resigned his post.
◉ 분사구문과 접속사
분사구문의 분사는「접속사+주어+동사」가 함축된 것으로 파악해야 하는데, 여기서 접속사의 의미는 앞뒤 문맥을 보아 결정해야 한다. 그러나 분사구문에서 접속사의 의미를 분명히 하기 위해 분사 앞에 접속사를 쓰는 경우도 있다.
• When cooking, she always whistles. (그녀는 요리할 때 언제나 휘파람을 분다.)
• When looking up, we saw a plane flying over the house. (위를 바라보았을 때 우리는 집 위를 날고 있는 비행기를 보았다.)
• After sailing a long time, they got to the New World. (오랜 항해 끝에 그들은 신세계에 도달했다.)
• While fighting in China, he was taken prisoner. (그는 중국에서 전투하다가 포로로 잡혔다.)
• As being kind and honest, he is loved by everybody. (친절하고 정직하기 때문에 그는 모든 사람들로부터 사랑을 받는다.)
• Because having finished the work, I could go to bed. (그 일을 끝냈기 때문에 나는 잠자리에 들 수 있었다.)
• If leaving at once, you will catch the train. (곧 출발한다면, 당신은 기차를 타게 될 것이다.)
• If turning to the right, you will see a bus stop. (오른쪽으로 돌면, 버스 정류장이 보일 것이다.)
• Though knowing the danger, they pushed on. (그들은 위험을 알았지만 계속 나아갔다.)
• Though living next door, I seldom see her. (이웃집에 살면서도 나는 그녀를 좀처럼 보지 못한다.)