Power s-take R. -- 막판정리...으랏찻차...문부성...ㅋ

[minterpk]

s-take 수업순서
6-2-1-7-12-15-23-11 / 22-5-8-18-20-14-9-16 / 24-3-13-21-19-17-

Reading

s-take 6 (p.44 - ans:17.ⓑ 24.ⓓ)

17.
You can spend a week in an amazing deal released this week. The package from Escapes Unlimited, a 21-year-old tour company based in Tustin, starts at $799 per person, double occupancy, for a round-trip air fare from Los Angeles to New Zealand on Air Tahiti (with a stop in Tahiti) and seven-night rental of a stick-shift RV that lacks a bathroom but has a two-burner kitchen and microwave and sleeps two. The deal is good through November, subject to availability.

(a) relaxing at a fancy hotel in New Zealand
(b) touring New Zealand in a motor home
(c) cruising from LA to New Zealand
(d) staying at a vacation home in Tahiti

24.
when it comes to human cloning, there seems to be ver little opposition to the banning of it among the genera public. It is, however, true that there are some advantages to cloning. Cloning technology can be used to perfectly replicate replicated human organs for those in need of transplants, and will enhance the prospect of conquering cancer and other illnesses difficult to treat. Also, imagine those who have just lost their beloved in a terrible but unexpected accident. Wouldn"t it help these people to go back to their normal lives, if they could have them duplicated? Wouldn"t these advantages improve the quality and welfare of humankind?

Q Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?
(a) Human cloning can also benefit people who have lost their loved ones.
(b) Cloning technology can duplicate pars of a human body.
(c) Human cloning can expand the scope of medical science.
(d) Ordinary people seem to be strongly in favor of human cloning.


s-take 2 (p.9 - ans : 9.ⓑ 10.ⓑ 28.ⓑ)

9.
Rome is more than a mere city: fabulously rich in art, culture and architecture, it seems to symbolize what is admirable about Western civilization. The history of Rome is indeed that of human and artistic endeavor without parallel. However, the history of Rome also tells us the other side of the coin, which is above all a story of cruelty, corruption, greed and moral degradation. Founded in fratricide, the city survives from century to century, sacked, looted, conquered, occupied. It is perhaps this piquant juxtaposition of ___________ that has fascinated people for generations.
⒜ scenic beauty and cultural heritage
⒝ high achievement and base depravity
⒞ historical facts and fictional stories
⒟ cruel despotism and fair democracy

10.
Cubism was developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Their immediate influences were said to be Tribal Art although Braque later disputed this and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but it triggered an immense creative explosion which resonated through all of 20th century art. Among the movements ________ were Orphism, Purism, Precisionism, Futurism, Constructivism, and, to some degree, Expression‎ism.
(a) considered its opposites
(b) directly influenced by it
(c) valued more highly than it
(d) preceding it at short intervals

28.
America is facing a slow-motion crisis in the workplace as the baby boomers edge toward retirement. In trying to fill their rank, companies will have no alterative but to overcome the widespread perception of older workers as expensive and out of touch. They"ll have to find ways to keep boomers working longer - reversing the decades-old pattern of earlier and earlier retirement. Many will no doubt be willing to keep working because they"ll either need the money or find retirement boring. But those independent-minded baby boomers will insist on doing it their way. And that means organizations must become more flexible than ever, allowing workers to call the shots more about how and when they work.
Q Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) Older workers used to be hired because they provided cheap labor,
(b) some boomers will want to work for financial reasons.
(c) Companies are not likely to hire aging boomers since they are unmotivated.
(d) Baby boomers will conform to company expectations in order to keep their jobs.

s-take 1 (p.1

s-take 7 (p.52 - ans : 8.b 16.c 18.a 24.c )

8.
French sociologist and philosopher Emile Durkheim used the phrase `secular utility` for benefits derived from belonging to a religious community. The attitude Durkheim held was that something as pervasive and universal as religion must serve a social purpose. That is, religions permit human groups to function as harmonious units: `Religions exist primarily for people to achieve together _____________.`

(a)miracles that can only be worked by divine power
(b)what they cannot achieve alone as individuals
(c)what will contribute to their secular interests
(d)their supremacy over other religious groups

16.
The Wise Farmer"s Almanac, which has been popular among many Americans for more than 250 years, . Today, with our busy schedules and frantic work weeks, such knowledge is more important than ever in our efforts to live fulfilling lives. Now, though this book, you can learn to organize your home, clean and repair household items, care for your pet more effectively, and save money, with entertaining digressions into the origins of everyday customs and innovations. In this humorous, practical guide,
you will find a way to live smarter, healthier, and happier.
(a) provides essential tips that farmers need to know
(b) contains a calendar of events to commemorate
(c) is full of household hints to help you through life
(d) is a comprehensive medical guide to healthy living

18.
It"s true that we love technology, but the time will never come when we lose real person-to-person interaction. What with cell phones, computer games and robots, the situation might seem troubling, but not all of us young people are socially withdrawn. I do not need super high-tech devices to kill time. Machines won"t replace my friends. people of my generation don"t have that much craving for technology, since we"ve grown up with it. we never needed to dream of having high-tech gadgets, because they have always been within reach.
Q. What"s the writer"s attitude toward technology?
(a) Matter-of-fact
(b) Modest
(c) Subjective
(d) Emotional

24.
Last night thieves stole a painting from the home of the Lord Bonniford. (a) The painting, a sixteenth-century masterpiece by Holbein, is said to be priceless. (b) Lord Bonniford said he could hear noises in the middle of the night, but he paid no attention. (c) He was unable to phone the police because he was tied hand and foot. (d) The thieves managed to get in and escape without setting off the security alarm by cutting off the electricity supply.

s-take 12 (p.93 - ans : 7.d 28.b )

7.
My plan to become a professor of English ― my ambition during long years in college at Stanford, then in graduate school at Columbia and Berkeley ― was complicated by feelings of embarrassment and guilt. So many times I would see other Mexican-Americans and know we were alike only in race. And yet, simply because our race was the same, I was, during the last years of my schooling, the beneficiary of their situation. Affirmative Action programs had made it all possible. __________________; the absence of many Mexican-Americans from academic life allowed my designation as a "minority student."

(a) The benefits were often too gaudy to please
(b) I tried to detach myself from disadvantaged Mexican-Americans
(c) I complied with and encouraged the odd bureaucratic logic of Affirmative Action
(d) The disadvantages of others permitted my promotion

28.
In the midst of a depressed economy, Japan seems to be losing the respect of the world, particularly of the U.S. Lately there has been much meddlesome criticism from Washington about Japanese internal matters. Harsh remakes about Japan, calling it an "economic animal: or "free rider", will persist until this country becomes truly independent and departs from the policy of overemphasis on the economy at the cost of dependence on the U.S. for national security. We should abolish the Japan-U.S. Security Pact and let the American troops go home from all the U.S. bases in Japan. Then Japanese defense forces could use these bases to defend this peace-loving neutral nation with a lightly armed military.

Q. According to the write of this letter, what factor would best help Japan to recover its international status?
(a) Economic independence
(b) Military independence
(c) Political reform
(d) Economic reform

s-take 15 (p.118 - nothing )

s-take 23 (p.184 - ans : 1.c

1.
The giving of credit _______________. The creditor-that is, the one who grants the credit-allows the debtor-the purchaser who uses the credit-to own and use a commodity immediately on the basis of deferred payment of cost plus interest. How the loan is granted varies. If one buys a car, one normally gets a direct loan from a financial institution. The buyer takes possession of the car and repays the loan, with interest, over a specified number of months, Meanwhile, the financial institution retains legal ownership of the car until the loan is repaid. Buying a house, though a more complicated process, is quite similar.
(a) to businesses allows them to expand their operations
(b) is an important part of the policy
(c) is basically the granting of a loan
(d) is not available to those with poor credit records.

s-take 11 (p.85 - ans : 6.b 8.b 21.a )

6.
Forensic archaeology means two things: the use of forensic science to examine and interpret archaeological finds; and the use of ____________ to investigate a current crime. The word forensic means something that is related to a court of law, and forensic science is scientific evidence that can stand up in a court. Archaeology is the study of human history using scientific analysis of the past"s physical remains. Techniques originally developed for criminal investigation, such as DNA fingerprinting and skull reconstruction are also now used to analyze historical remains.
⒜ fingerprinting
⒝ archaeological methods
⒞ criminal laws
⒟ mental analysis

8. I used to think if you fell from grace it was more likely than not the result of one stupendous error, or else an unfortunate accident. I hadn"t learned that it can happen so gradually you don"t lose your stomach or hurt yourself in the landing. _______________.

(a) Your fall from grace is irrevocable
(b) You don"t necessarily sense the motion
(c) You hurt yourself severely
(d) You regret you didn"t recognize it in advance

21.
Gender gaps in education-unlike the more pressing and intractable gaps associated with parental involvement, race and class-have proved to be surprisingly bridgeable, at least when it comes to girls. The remarkable progress of girls in academic achievement and higher education over the last 30 years demonstrates that their delays and difficulties were not inevitable. It is fair to assume that boys have the same potential for catching up. What remains to be seen, however, is whether their plight can motivate adults to agree on a plan of action and finally get it off the ground.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?
(a) Girl have been able to overcome shortcomings in educational achievement.
(b) Parents have reached a consensus on the issue of boy"s education.
(c) Gender gaps in education are inevitable.
(d) Girls still need strict discipline in higher education.

s-take 22 (p.176 - ans : 3.b 6.d 9.b 28.c )

3.
You"re on the Titanic Ⅱ. It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking. And, as last time, there are not enough lifeboats. The captain shouts, "Women and children first!" But this time, another voice is heard: " Why women?" Why, indeed? The evolutionary psychologists might say that ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species: women are indispensable child bearers. You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men, but you cannot repopulate a village if the men survive and only a few of the women. The problem with this kind of logic, however, is its _______________. It recapitulates in all seriousness the geneticist"s old witticism that a chicken is just an egg"s way of making another egg. But humans are more than just egg layers. And chivalrous traditions are more than just disguised survival strategies.
(a) irrefutable truth
(b) widespread prejudice
(c) verifiable hypothesis
(d) depressing reductionism

6.
One of my favorite pieces of art is the three playful "See-No-Evil, Hear-No-Evil, Speak-No-Evil" monkeys carved on the gate to the Toshogu Shrine in Japan. The shrine honors Ieyasu Tokugawa, one of Japan"s most famous leaders. But interestingly enough, the monkeys offer a king of sly commentary on the see-no-evil policies he implemented. To keep his people from contact with the outside world, Tokugawa forbade foreign travel and imported books. By doing this he hoped that his dictatorial control might seem less evil if ______________________ .

(a) he pretended to encourage art and literature
(b) they learned about even worse dictators outside
(c) censorship was enforced on all imported books
(d) citizens could see no alternate world

9.
People change the nature of the human population by aborting defective or unwanted fetuses, by controlling when pregnancy occurs, and by planning limits on population size. But should they? Physicians can keep seriously ill patients alive indefinitely, using artificial respirators. machines that take over the control of the beating of the great, and drugs to control blood pressure and consciousness. But should they? People are beginning to ask whether there comes a time when patients should be allowed to die. Citizens are claiming "patients" rights," insisting on being informed about medical procedures, and deciding how allocate health resources fairly. When they ask these questions and make these decisions, they are _______________.
(a) very likely to violate some important medical laws
(b) dealing with some of the most serious bioethical issues
(c) becoming pioneers in some new scientific areas
(d) facing the danger of self-contradiction


28.
A woman who has been taking a prescription for her high blood pressure was advised by a friend to see an herbalist, who sold her a bag full of remedies. Now, the woman admits, she knows almost nothing about those remedies. Mot has she told her doctor about them. Are they safe? Are they pure? What beneficial effects to they have? And what side effects? Will they interact badly with her prescriptions and cause her blood pressure to plunge dangerously low? She doesn"t know, and chances are, neither does her doctor. The woman the high blood pressure is but one of many who wander blindly int the world of herbal remedies, a world that, unlike that of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, remains unregulated. The popularity of these products has soared. In 2001 alone, Americans spent $4.2 billion on herbs and other botanical remedies.

Q. Which of the following is true about the author"s eval‎uation of gerbal remedies?
(a) He/She thinks that herbal remedies are safe alternative to conventional remedies.
(b) He/She believes that herbal remedies give hope to terminally ill patients
(c) He/She thinks that the regulation of herbal remedies should improve.
(d) He/She believes that it is desirable to spend more money on herbs.

s-take 5 (p.35 - ans : 5.b 19.d )

5.
You argue that children are at risk of becoming hooked before they are old enough
to make a reasoned calculation of the risks. You are also say that smokers seeking
damages are refusing to take responsibility for their own informed decisions.
No smoker makes a decision to become hooked. To apply terms such as "reasoned
calculation" and "informed decisions" to the predicament of the addict is naive.
An addict is fully aware that he or she is acting in a manner which is in direct
_________ to his or her rational judgement, but simply feels unable to stop. Indeed
a drug addict is a victim of one of the worst forms of slavery.
(a) adjustment
(b) contradiction
(c) sensation
(d) indifference

19.
During one of our numerous phone conversations, I recently told my dad, "Daddy, if only I could find a boyfriend just like you, only 30 years younger with a slimmer belly." He chuckled, the way he always does, and said, "Do you want a man like me now, or a man like me when I was your age, because you don"t know about me in my younger days?" My dad is anything but your typical daddy and that"s what I love about him. When I hear my friends or just women in general talk about no good men and deadbeat dads, I simply cannot comprehend.

Q. What can be inferred from the passage?
(a) The writer is suggesting that her father exercise more.
(b) The father does not want his daughter to marry a man like him.
(c) Most girls want to many a man like their father.
(d) The writer loves her father all the more for his sense of humor.

s-take 8 (p.60 - ans : 11.d 15.b 19.d 24.d

11.
Water is contained in all kinds of food. It is possible to obtain water not only
by drinking it but also by drinking milk and juices. Some water is produced when
food is broke down with in cells. Most fruit and vegetables are a good source of
nutrients as well as water. They are also good sources of roughage, which is coarse,
bulky food containing fiber that stimulates the muscles of the digestive tract.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the above passage?
(a) You can obtain water from milk and juice, but not from food.
(b) Vegetables and fruits usually provide much water and few nutrients.
(c) Fiber can be obtained from milk and juice rather than from fruits and vegetables.
(d) Fruits and vegetables are good for the muscles of the digestive tract.

15.
As the leading Technical Consultant for GE Exchange Services, Lucy Bremond has had a successful career. But she has also served as President of GE Elfun, a volunteer organization of 43,000 GE employees and retirees around the world. Under Lucy"s leadership, GE Elfun members have participated in more than 1,000 volunteer projects a year. They mentor high school students; they read to children; they assist the elderly. They reach out. They inspire. Simply put, GE Elfun volunteers are .
(a) committed to excellence in their careers
(b) dedicated to community involvement
(c) devoted to the success of GE and its products
(d) involved in activities supporting the Third World

19.
When the USTR (U.S. Trade Representative) began an investigation of Japanese
trading practices, a U.S. senator stepped in on behalf of the tobacco industry.
He sent a letter to the Japanese Prime Minister suggesting he could not continue
to support a substantial U.S. military presence in the Pacific or help change anti
-Japanese trade attitudes in Congress unless Japan opened its cigarette market.
Three months later the Japanese government agreed to open its markets more.
The results have been devastating. Before the U.S.tobacco companies arrived,
smoking rates were declining slightly in Japan, but in the past 5 years,
cigarette consumption by minors has increased 16 percent. Among Taiwanese
high school students, the smoking rate has climbed 14 percent. The number of
Thai smokers aged 15 to 19 has increased 24 percent, with similar increases for
Korean high school boys.
Q. What is the topic of this passage?
(a)Cigarette Consumption by Minors in Some Asian Countries
(b)The Present State of the Japanese Tobacco Industry
(c)The Effects of Cigarette Advertising
(d)The U.S. Government as a Powerful Ally of Tobacco Companies

24.
Even war criminals usually go to the trouble of claiming some moral justification for their crimes, some moral equivalence with their enemies. Timothy McVeigh argued that the arrogance of the Federal Government, the government that wanted to take his guns and cramp his right, was so vast and so dangerous that he needed to blow up a building, start a revolution. "I did it for the larger good," he claimed, and if innocent people had to die, well, that"s what happens in war. He called the 19 dead children "collateral damage," and bragged that even if he is executed, he still wins.
Q. According to the passage, who is trying to justify what he did?
(a) An innocent war criminal
(b) An arrogant militia man
(c) A revolutionary leader
(d) A homicidal bomber.


s-take 18 (p.143 - ans : 2.c 22.d 28.c )

2.
The recent boom in alternative health options is a reflection of increasing consumer disquiet. The orthodox medical profession has responded by tending to reject those therapies, the validity of which cannot be proved by clinical trials. Yet increased acceptance of the psychosomatic basis of illnesses such as asthma has meant that some doctors are now recommending alternative therapies in place of drugs or placebos. Responsible practitioners of unconventional medicine take a similar line. Alternative therapists treating cancer, for example, do not advocate that their clients reject radiotherapy and chemotherapy altogether. Thus, ______________.

(a) alternative health options should not be taken along with orthodox treatment
(b) he unconventional of yesterday could soon become the orthodox of tomorrow
(c) alternative or unconventional medicine is rapidly becoming complementary to orthodox treatment
(d) unconventional medicine should be taken only after consulting professional doctors

22.
Perhaps the main reason recycling has not become more popular is that it is generally thought to be expensive. Manufacturers consider it cheaper to produce goods from virgin materials than to recycle. For consumers, an aluminum can is worth only about one cent, so many people would rather throw the can away than worry about recycling it. However, it takes about 20 times more energy to manufacture a can from raw ore than from recycled metal. Changing tax laws that encourage the use of virgin materials over recycling might be an effective way to promote recycling.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?
(a) Manufacturers are reluctant to recycle because consumers dislike recycled goods.
(b) Though building recycling facilities is expensive, recycling is as profitable as using raw materials.
(c) Consumers" indifference to recycling is due to insufficient efforts by governments to promote it.
(d) Present laws make using raw materials more profitable than recycling.

28.
Obesity has become a serious threat to U.S.adults" life. Its preval‎ence among U.S.adults nearly doubled in the past decade to 21percent. People drive longer distances, everything is done by machines, and they spend all their time on computers. For them, eating healthy foods requires effort, while eating a bad diet is relatively inexpensive. Excess fat causes a host of related health problems, For example, the rising rate of obesit corresponds with an increase I the preval‎ence of diabetes, which afflicts more than one out of 12 adults. Each year, an estimated 300,000 U.S.adults die of causes related to obesity, and diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?
(a) Obesity is the primary cause of the death of American adults.
(b) Excess fat is more dangerous than alcohol abuse.
(c) Obesity is more common than diabetes among American adults.
(d) Diabetes is a cause of obesity.

s-take 20 (p.159 - ans : 5.c 15.b 18.a )

5.
Sometimes called the "scientific method," inductive reasoning draws conclusions from supporting evidence. The starting point is a hypothesis, or supposition, "which is to be proved true or untrue." If, for example, you think that there has been an "inflation" in college grades over the last ten years or so-your hypothesis-you might try to get some evidence from published sources, from college records, and from personal inquiry among senior members of the faculty. As a result of your research, you may be able _________________.
(a) to start thinking about inducive reasoning
(b) to hypothesize based on supporting evidence
(c) to draw some conclusion about the truth of your hypothesis
(d) to better understand the scientific method

15.
Despite their concerns and the availability of control mechanisms, parents do not seem active enough in controlling their children"s Internet usage. Most control they use, as with television, is informal, such as pacing the computer where it is visible or not allowing their children to switch on the computer by themselves. Most parents feel current technical tools available for controlling their children"s use of Internet are too complex to install and lack simple age categorization.

Q. what is the mail idea of the passage?
(a) children"s Internet use is harder to control than TV.
(b) Parents resort to simple means of controlling Internet use.
(c) The internet requires different tools of control from TV.
(d) Parents need to receive more education in using the internet.

18.
Sigmund Freud was one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century. It is unlikely that there is anyone who has never heard of or used a Freudian idea. As a medical doctor, Freud was interested in charting how the human mind affected the body, particularly in the forms of mental illness, such as neurosis and hysteria, and in finding ways to cure those mental illnesses, However, Freud"s interest was not only in these mental phenomena of humans. He was interested in exploring the relationship between mental functioning and certain basic structures of civilization. Freud believed that his theories about how the mind worked uncovered some basic truths about not only how an individual self is formed but also how culture and civilization operate.

Q. What is the main idea of the passage?
(a) Freud was a cultural critic as well as a medical doctor.
(b) Freud had a big influence on our concept of cibilization.
(c) Freud was the founder of modern psychoanalysis
(d) Freud"s work was not rebutted by any critics.

s-take 14 (p.110 - ans : 4.a 8.b 20.a 26.b 29.a )

4.
It is far from controversial to state that growing up digital facilitates developing thinking and intellect. But what about the effect on behavior and social skills? The answer might surprise you. We have beard extensive tales and theories about how children are becoming glued to the screen; losing their attention span; becoming Net-addicted and increasingly anxious, self-absorbed, and even cruel through Net interaction. While there is much that remains to be learned, and while there are significant issues yet to be resolved, overall it would seem that ____________. Digital kids are effectively learning the social skills which will be required for effective interaction in the digital economy.
⒜ conventional wisdom is wrong
⒝ there are more questions than answers
⒞ technology is complicating matters
⒠ online content should not change

8.
Human beings have been reading books for about half a millennium. But their history of listening to stories is much longer. This is one of the reason I use to defend my
_____________. I listen to stories while I drive. Also, when I"m home, I listen to stories while I drive. Also, when I"m home, I listen to stories on either a portable tape recorder or CD player while unloading the dishwasher.
(a) relation with reading books
(b) addiction to audio books
(c) love for brand-new CD players
(d) dislike of washing dishes

20.
According to Darwin"s theory, individual animals best suited to their environments live longer and have more children, and so spread their genes through populations. This produces evolutionary changes. For example, hoofed animals with longer necks could reach the juiciest leaves on tall trees and therefore tended to eat well, live longer, and have more offspring. Eventually, they evolved into giraffes. Those with shorter necks died out. Similar processes led to the evolution of mankind, but this has now stopped because virtually everybody"s genes are making it to the next generation, not only those who are best adapted to their environments. In addition, human populations are now being constantly mixed, again producing a blending that blocks evolutionary change.
Q. What is the main idea of the passage?
⒜ Human beings have reached a point of evolutionary stagnation.
⒝ The Western world has provided protection against disease.
⒞ The blending of genes will soon produce a uniform population.
⒟ Evolutionary pressures are still having an influence on humanity.

26.
Many well-intentioned environmental policies can have surprising outcomes: Suppose minute pesticide residues have the potential to cause cancer in a tiny number of cases-one estimate would have it around 20 cases per annum in the United States (not very many in a country where 300 people drown in bathtubs every year). So we ban the pesticides. This in turn would sharply drive up the price of cancer-preventing fruits and vegetables. By reducing consumption, especially among the poor, the pesticide ban in the end would cause more cancer (perhaps 26,000 cases annually) than the pesticides would have caused in the first place. Sometimes the best thing to do about a "problem" is exactly nothing.

Q. What can be inferred from the passage?
(a) The human races few environmental problems.
(b) The environmental movement can bring about negative results.
(c) Pesticides are not improving longevity and the quality of life.
(d) The quality of life on the planet is radically improving.

29. Since early motion pictures were "silent," narration depended almost entirely on the actions of the film actors. (a) If their actions were clear, the audience would not be able to comprehend the story. (b) For this reason, the actors greatly exaggerated their body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. (c) Costumes and sets also helped narrate. (d) A funny hat, a ragged dress, or a battlefield reflected the personality or circumstances of a screen character.

s-take 9 (p.69 - ans : 2.d 7.b 11.d 14.b 21.b 28.a 30.d )

2.
Automakers have been experimenting with alternative fuel sources for years: compressed natural gas, propane, even totally electric cars are in use today. A recent addition is the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)__part
electric motor, part gasoline engine. Virtually indistinguishable from your standard car, an HEV predicts ___________ in engine efficiency. By utilizing clean, electric energy, less gasoline power is consumed. The results are better gas mileage and far fewer tailpipe emissions. The two HEV cars currently on the market are leading the table in terms of mileage.
⒜ a high maintenance
⒝ a financial burden
⒞ an impractical invention
⒟ a technological breakthrough

7.
He theorizes that institutions like the World Trade Organization, the IMF and the World Bank are trying to engineer a world based on market values, whereas we ______ want a world based on community values. The well-being of people should take precedence over the well-being of corporations.
(a) ecologists
(b) antiglobalists
(c) anthropologists
(d) capitalists

11.
Located on Japan"s southwestern main island of Kyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture is the heart of the fourth largest economic region in Japan. It is enjoying dynamic growth on the back of exciting new industries and becoming a center for advanced scientific studies and pioneering technology. Robotics, biotechnology, multimedia and software development are just some of the fields in which Fukuoka is establishing its cutting-edge credentials for the 21st century. In addition, the prefectural government promotes venture businesses and greater cooperation between the public sector, private business and academic institutions. ____________, more and more companies are moving in, attracted by the desire to be part of Fukuoka"s economic and business revolution and its strengths in information technology.
⒜ On the contrary
⒝ Nevertheless
⒞ Above all
⒟ As a result

14.
The true stories of famous women were recounted by Giovanni Boccaccio in his work Famous Women, a collection of one hundred short biographies composed in Latin in 1362. A monument of classical scholarship for its time, it contains the biographies of historical woman renowned for valor in warfare and fearlessness in the face of death, for writing and the arts, for political rulership, and for devotion to husbands. The biographies often end with a passage of moral reflection and exhortation ________.
(a) to foster feminine virtues such as modesty
(b) to follow the examples of extraordinary females
(c) to continue the tradition of classical scholarship
(d) to emulate the religious devotion of saints

21.
According to a survey conducted by professor Morita at Osaka University, fourteen percent of 11- to 15-year-olds sad that they had been bullied during the last term alone. And seventeen percent admitted to having physically verbally abused others. Fourteen percent said they had not bullied others, but admitted that they enjoyed watching other kids get teased. Most striking was that only 28% of the parents of those being bullied were aware of their children"s plight, and only 7.39 of the bullies parents knew of their children"s behavior. "The thing they know least about is whether their kids are bullying and they tend not to care." Morita said. "And often even when they are told, they don"t believe that their kids are doing it."
Q Which of the following is correct according to the passage?
(a) It was found that seventeen percent of bystanders enjoyed watching bullies.
(b) The parents of bullies" are seldom aware of their children"s bullying.
(c) The parents of bullied children were less aware of bullying than those of bullies.
(d) Fourteen percent of teenagers said they have physically or verbally abused others.

28.
During the late Triassic period, about 210 million years ago, the continent as
we know them today did not exist. (a) The continent had almost assumed the shape
and the position they have today about 210 million years ago. (b) The surface of
the earth included vast seas and one large landmass, Pangaea. (c) Almost
imperceptibly, however, Pangaea split apart, and separate continents began
drifting across the globe. (d) For millions of years, this drifting continued and
,in a sense, it continues today.

30.
Winston Churchill was the century"s paragon of how individuals can shape history rather than being shaped by it. (a) The force of his will and his words gave courage to his country and saved western civilization itself. (b) It was also Churchill who, after World war 11, discerned the dangers of communist tyranny. (c) Churchill was the most able adversary to totalitarianism, the greatest evil of the 20th century. (d) Like all of us, Churchill had his flaws.

s-take 16 (p.126 - ans : 3.a 8.b 9.b 23.a 26.b )

3.
When using scientific methods, scientists do not always find what they expect to find; their predictions are not always borne out. Their payoff in this situation is the discovery that the hypothesis on which the prediction was based needs to be modified. Sometimes, accidental discoveries of things not sought after result in an even greater payoff. This phenomenon is known as serendipity. Such discoveries are not mere accidents. _____________________________. Louis Pasteur, who made many important scientific breakthroughs, acknowledged this when he said, "In the fields of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind."

(a) One needs the appropriate background to recognize the discovery as a valuable one
(b) One has to consider himself superior to any other scientists in the field
(c) No discoveries have been made without diligence and patience
(d) One needs to be able to recognize his potential as an influential scientist

8.
The most difficult questions that teachers face often have little to do with the content of the course or the way it is taught. Instead, teachers focus on the ethical issues of teaching and how we relate to our students, our institution, our discipline, and society at large. What are our responsibilities to wach constituency, and what do we do when they conflict? Unfortunately, _________________.
(a) we have no choice but to contend with bureaucracy
(b) there are no easy answers to these questions
(c) considefably more research is required
(d) teachers seem to know little about these issues

9.
According to a survey, more than half of the high school students responding to the survey have plagiarized work they found on the Internet. Websites such as schoolsucks.com offer customers the possibility of downloading a paper on nearly any subject for ＄9.95 per page. Schools have begun to fight Internet plagiarism with student"s own weapons. George Mason High School is one of thousands of schools that have contracted with a company which allows teachers to submit student papers. The company then searches the Web for __________. Within 48 hours, the teacher gets the paper back, color-coded for plagiarism.
⒜ useful information
⒝ matching text
⒞ educational guides
⒟ teaching methods

23.
Multiculturalism is a household word these days. Yet it is racism in a politically-correct guise. It holds that an individual"s identity and personal worth are determined by ethnic/ racial membership and that all cultures are of equal worth, regardless of their views or how they treat people. Multiculturalism holds that ethnic identity should be a central factor in educational and social policy decision. Multiculturalism would turn this country into a collection of separatist groups competing with each other for power.
Q. What is the author"s attitude toward the concept of multiculturalism?
⒜ Skeptical and critical
⒝ Cautious but approving
⒞ Persuasive and supportive
⒟ Favorable but disillusioned

26.
One reason diets fail is that low-fat foods can lack flavor. So what if you put fat back in the diet? Kathy McManus, a dietitian with Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston, did just that. Although experts suggest that Americans get no more than 30% of their calories from fat, McManus put half of the subjects on a 35%-calories-from-fat diet. The rest went on a 20% plan. She asked the higher-fat group to avoid saturated fat and eliminate all trans fat-found in fast food and packaged cookies. Instead, the dieters chose heart-healthy fats like nuts, olive oil and avocados. By the end of the study, the moderate-fat group had lost an average of nine pounds, while the low-fat group had gained an average of six pounds. McManus suspects people found the higher-fat diet easier to stick with because they could choose better-tasting foods, use regular salad dressing and cook vegetables in oil.
Q. Which of the following is correct according to the report?
⒜ All kinds of fat can have a beneficial influence on diet.
⒝ The higher-fat dieters lost more weight than the low-fat group.
⒞ Nuts, olive oil and avocados are good sources of saturated fat.
⒟ Diets fail because of the increase in fat intake.

s-take 24 (p.192 - ans : 1.b 2.c 3.a 8.b 10.a 11.a 23.b )

1.
One may have a favorite author or series of stories. Sometimes he or she may be unable to wait for the next installment of a particular television program. A devoted fan of any of these may probably come across the phenomenon of fan fiction. This is when fans write their own stories ___________. Thanks to the Internet, fan fiction is now becoming a worldwide phenomenon through until recently it was limited to small groups of individuals.
(a) changing all the characters
(b) using their favorite characters
(c) to make themselves well0known
(d) to make their debut

2.
Several factors influence the justice system"s treatment of criminals. For one thing, the sex of offenders affects the severity of sentences. A woman is less likely to receive the death penalty than a man. Also, the court is more ______________ to send a mother to prison than a father. Another factor in the treatment of offenders is their race. Nonwhites are awarded parole and probation less often. Finally, the age of offenders is considered in sentencing. Young offenders are given special treatment. And the elderly are given more lenient sentences.
(a) favorable
(b) willing
(c) reluctant
(d) loathsome

3.
Proponents of doctor-assisted, or euthanasia, argue that sparing terminally ill people tremendous physical and emotional torment is an act of mercy. No reasonable person, they say, should object to someone helping another to die when prolonging life only extends suffering. Under such conditions, ____________ should give way to compassion. Opponents, however, argue that it would be unwise not to weigh very carefully the reservations of many generation of religious, medical and moral leaders. The legitimization of euthanasia will open other doors that society has long kept firmly shut. The concern of doctors must be how best to prolong and enhance life, not how to end it.
(a) ethical restrictions
(b) personal anguish
(c) usual practices
(d) financial concerns

8.
The jeeps turned into a little settlement of a little settlement of a hundred mud houses and the children came running, as delighted to see us as they would have been to see their Santa Claus, bringing them the maize and the protein that would stop their little bodies being blown up like balloons and turning them fat from hunger. The chief was grateful for the food sacks supplied by the aid agencies who had taken us to the village, but he kept talking about a borehole, and that when he had that he could irrigate some of the fields and keep the maize growing even of the rains failed. And that is the key to tackling this crisis. The aid is a stopgap to prevent people from dying, but _____________ is the way forward.
(a) a humanitarian crisis
(b) a long-term solution
(c) a true reconciliation
(d) the treatment of disease

10.
There are four main ways businesses try to influence the government. One way is for company managers to develop personal contacts with government leaders. Then, too, many large companies employ public relations firms to improve their image with government officials and the general public. Some businesses also employ lobbyists, who work to influence important people in government. Finally, most large organizations contribute money to political campaigns in the hopes that the government will remember and ____________________.
(a) return the favor
(b) improve their policies
(c) influence powerful companies
(d) support promising businesses

11.
The removal of American Indian tribes from lands east of the Mississippi River to what is now the state of Oklahoma is one of the tragic episodes in American history. Early treaties signed by American agents and representatives of Indian tribes guaranteed peace and the integrity of Indian territories, primarily to assure that the lucrative fur trade would continue without interruption. American settlers" hunger for Indian land, however, led to violent conflict in many cases, and succeeding treaties generally compelled tribes to ___________ to the United States government.
(a) cede large areas
(b) give up the fur trade
(c) yield most of the profit
(d) defect from their native lands

23.
After the fish Wildlife Service listed the spotted owl as a threatened species, the government set aside 11.6 million acres of forest as protected habitat for the owl, thus severely limiting the number of acres that could be harvested for timber. This protection represents an attempt by Congress to preserve the biological diversity of the nature. Needless to say, the timber industry is upset, claiming that up to 10,000 jobs will be lost as a result of the logging since logging is still permitted in other places where spotted owls live and breed.

Q. What is the writer"s attitude?
(a) Invigorating
(b) Objective
(c) Positive
(d) Doleful

s-take 3 (p.17 - ans : 4.b 5.d 12.d 14.c 15d 20.b )

4.
The passion for herbal remedies just keeps growing. In the United states alone, sales have topped a billion dollars per year. one big appeal is the claim that some natural remedies can alleviate symptoms of ageing. But in many cases, there is only anecdotal evidence that these supplements work as advertised. Still, some herbs show genuine promise as_____________.
(a) wrinkle shields
(b) age fighters
(c) pain relievers
(d) skin protectors

5.
According to Tao Te Ching the handbook of Taoism traditionally ascribed to Lao-tze, the two most important words in Taoism are Tao, which means way or path, and Te, which means power. The virtuous man draws power from being absorbed in Tao, the ultimate reality within an ever-changing world. By non-action and keeping away from human striving, it is possible for man to live in harmony with the principles that underlie and govern the universe. Tao cannot _____________.
(a) be achieved without an active participation in all human affairs
(b) promise a utopia in this world to any person who denies its value
(c) exist in a person who distrusts the existence of an absolute being
(d) be comprehended by reason and knowledge, only by inward quiet

12.
Because of heavy promotion by the dairy industry, the public often believes that cows milk is the sole source of calcium. However, other excellent sources of calcium exist, so that vegetarians eating varied diets need not be concerned about getting adequate calcium. When you realize that there is as much calcium in four ounces of firm tofu as there is in one cop of cows milk, it is easy to see why groups of people who do not drink cows milk still _________________.

(a)show high levels of osteoporosis
(b)take daily calcium supplements
(c)have their children drink it
(d)have strong bones and teeth

14,
The federal government can"t prosecute doctors who recommend marijuana as a medical treatment for patients, a federal judge ruled Thursday in California. U.S. District court Judge William Perry issued an injunction permanently banning the government from revoking a physician"s license to prescribe medicine "merely because the doctor recommends medical marijuana to a patient based on a sincere medical judgment." Perry also blocked the government from initiating an investigation of a doctor solely because he or she prescribes marijuana. "This injunction applies whether or not the physician anticipates that the recommendation will in turn be used by the patient to obtain marijuana in violation of federal law," he wrote.
Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) In California, it is legal for doctors to prescribe marijuana for patients.
(b) Recommending marijuana to patients can lead doctors to prosecution.
(c) The U.S. government cannot revoke a doctor"s license because of prescribing marijuana.
(d) In the U.S., it is legal to use marijuana.

15.
Schizophrenia, one of the more common mental disorders, is often confused with multiple personality disorder. Yet it is quite distinct from multiple personality disorder. The term "schizophrenia" is composed of roots which mean "a splitting of the mind," but it does not refer to a division into separate and distinct personalities, as occurs in multiple personality disorder. Instead, schizophrenic behavior is generally characterized by illogical thought patterns and withdrawal from reality. Schizophrenics often live in a fantasy world where they hear voices that others cannot hear, often the voices of famous people. Schizophrenics tend to withdraw from families and friends and communicate mainly with the "voices" that they hear in their minds.

Q. Which of the following is true according to this passage?
(a)Schizophrenia is similar to multiple personality disorder.
(b)Multiple personality disorder occurs more often than schizophrenia.
(c)Schizophrenia refers to a division into multiple personalities.
(d)Many people mistake schizophrenia for multiple personality disorder.

20.
We all are in the great barrel of life. That barrel is shaking all the time. Every community is shaking, every place is shaking. The offices, the shops, the stores, the schools, the pulpits, the homes- every place where we live or work is shaking. Life is a constant survival of fittest. The same law that shakes the little ones down and the big ones up in a can is shaking every person to the place he fits in the barrel of life. It is sending small people down and great people up. We are very foolish when we want to be lifted up to some big place, or when we want some big person to be put down to some little place.
Q. What is the main idea of this passage?
(a) The ever-changing barrel of life is a field where infinite struggle for survival takes place
(b) There is an assigned lot to each person; therefore, he or she should know how to be satisfied with his or her own.
(c) Life is filled with conflicts and confusion that cannot be easily coped with
(d) A small person achieves a little while a big person achieves a lot

s-take 13 (p.101 - ans : 7.b 8.b 10.b 15.d 17.c )

7.
According to the theory of continental drift, the continents are nor fixed in position but instead move slowly across the surface of the Earth, constantly changing in position relative to one another. this theory was first proposed in the eighteenth century when mapmakers noticed how closely the continents of the Earth ______________ when they were matched up. It was suggested the that the present-day continents had once been one large continent that had broken up into pieces which drifted apart.
(a) are divided
(b) fit together
(c) resembled each other
(d) were located

8.
Many Americans consider veganism __________________ reserved only for the most militant of animal rights activists. Erik Marcus" new book entitled Vegan : the new Ethics of eating debunks this myth and other by explaining in a calm and scientific tone the many benefits of veganism. The first half of the book is devoted to health issues. making it clear that high levels of fat and cholesterol are closely associated with both heart disease and cancer. The latter half of the book is concerned with the ethical issues of veganism.
(a) a healthy and well-balanced eating habit
(b) an extreme and even unhealthy dietary choice
(c) a very popular trend among young people
(d) a cultural tradition handed down from a long time ago

10.
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) is chiefly known for his witty stories, the Decameron, which won for him the name Father of Italian Prose. However, more important was his part in carrying on the revival of learning. For Boccaccio was the first Italian in seven centuries to learn to read classical Greek. ____________, he wrote many Latin works of scholarship which aided in the search for and identification of the lost writings of ancient literature. Soon hundreds of eager scholars were engaged in the work of spreading abroad the new learning, with all sorts of unsettling results.
⒜ Nonetheless
⒝ In addition
⒞ On the other hand
⒟ In general

15.
An aurora is a display of colored light in the night sky that occurs primarily in high latitudes of both hemispheres. Auroras appear when highly charged particles from sunspots and solar flares excite the thingases of the upper atmosphere and make them glow, Displays are most frequent in spring and fall because the Earth is then most nearly in line with zones of the Sun where sunspots are frequent. However, auroras may be most frequent during winter in certain areas.

Q. What is true about auroras according to passage?
(a) They can often be seen in the daytime.
(b) They are frequent during summer and winter.
(c) They are sometimes caused by moonlight.
(d) They have much to do with the position of the Earth.

17.
To: Dr. Francis Baker, Professor in Psychology
From: Eric Walter, Student Research Assistant
Re: Experiments on Memory of Mice
Date: 25 May, 2002

After five months of conducting experiments on whether mice can remember experiences, I have found the following.
Procedures: Ten mice were put in a case that had three doors. Behind one door there was nothing, behind another door was an electric shock and behind the third door was a dish with cookies. The mice were introduced to the cage and the doors once, then were displaced. After 10 minutes, the mice were reintroduces to the cage seven times. I recorded the learning pattern of the mice.
Results: Eight of the ten mice completed all the tasks. However, out of those eight successful mice, seven did not seem to remember what they had learned in previous trips to the cage: they repeatedly returned to the door that had the electric shock. Only one mouse was able to remember the door that contained the cookies. I examined this mouse to see if there was something unusual about it and found nothing.

Q. What kind of conclusion is the writer likely to draw?
(a) Training mice seems easier than expected.
(b) Electric shock affects the mice"s memory negatively.
(c) Most mice do not appear to have any memory.
(d) The learning patterns of mice are very predictable.

s-take 21 (p.168 - ans : 9.b 12.c 18.c 28.c )

9.
From the time humans first turned their eyes to the nighttime sky, the question of whether we are alone has caused much speculation. For thousands of years, humankind could only wonder. But science and technology now offer us the opportunity to conduct a search for such cosmic company. Popular books, films, and television shows have dealt with these questions, but usually with a great deal of sensationalism and little regard for scientific accuracy, In recent years it has finally become possible to embark on a meaningful scientific search for ________________.
(a) the origin of the universe
(b) other intelligent life in the universe
(c) the nature of technology
(d) the communication satellite

12.
That civilization alters climate is old news. On a local scale, cities, full of heat-absorbing concrete and asphalt, are typically 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than surrounding countryside. On a Global scale, mose scientists are convinced that emissions of carbon dioxide and other so-called greenhouse gases have contributed to a decades-long warming across the planet. In between the local and the global, however, most meteorologists assumed Mother Nature ruled the weather, largely free of human influences. There is, however, plenty going into the air from cars and factories that could conceivably ____________.
(a) contaminate clean water
(b) prove their assumption to be correct
(c) affect regional weather patterns
(d) lower the temperature several degrees

18.
A report found English teenagers face a wider range of problems than parents were aware of/ Almost 42% of all parents in the survey listed drugs as the biggest threat teenagers faced/ But a third of young people said managing relationships with parents, family or lovers was their biggest problem. Only 19% of teenagers said drugs were their main concern. Bullying was picked out as the biggest worry for 13%of teenagers but only by 7% of parents. Among 10% of teens, pregnancy and sex were the biggest problem. The research shows parents have little idea about the problems teenagers really face.

Q. Which of the following is the biggest concern English teenagers identified?
(a) Bullying
(b) Drugs
(c) Managing relationships
(d) Pregnancy and sex

28.
Experts see a number of similarities between the May 25 crash of the China Airlines B747 and the 1996 explosion that destroyed the TWA B747. (a) Both were old jets, 23 and 25 years old, respectively. (b) The TWA jet blew up 16minutes into its flight; the china Airlines jet exploded 19minutes after takeoff. (c) China Airlines Flight CI-611 exploded into four major pieces, killing all 225 passengers and crew aboard. (d) No final message or distress call was heard from the TWA or the China Airlines crew.

s-take 19 (p.168 - ans : 1.b 3.d 6.b 21.b 25.b 27.a )

1. The Salem Witch House is a popular attraction for school groups and Halloween outings, and serves as a chilling reminder of the mass hysteria that gripped New England in 1692. The town is build around this history, with memorials, museums and real-life "white witches" hanging their shingles in Salem. The Salem Witch Trials were a gruesome affair resulting in 24 executions. The house where the accused women were interrogated still stand and is open for tours. __________ may or may not have practiced "The Craft," but today there are reportedly 2,000 Salem residents who identify themselves as witches. And they are free to practice their avocation without fear of stoning, hanging or burning.

(a) Many tourists
(b) The unfortunate victims of the trial
(c) The fortunate women
(d) The interrogators

3.
Cubism was largely the product of its age, although it was one of the most complete and radical revolutions since the Renaissance. The Cubist artists, such as Pablo Picasso, structured their works on a linear grid depicting both representational and abstract elements and fused a fragmented object with its surroundings, thus creating a sense of spatial ambiguity in their canvases. In fact, an ambiguity in their works _______________ in which complex changes seemed to dissolve old certainties. The suggestion of ambiguity in Cubist painting mirrors this new sense of doubt.
(a) reflected the abstractness of nature
(b) represented the fragmented structure
(c) was the product of rigorous inner conflict
(d) reflected the trends of the early twentieth century

6.
As children advance through puberty, they are confronted with the dilemma of becoming aware of their own sexual needs together with society"s demand that these needs not be satisfied. Our society does not yet fully condone any form of premarital sexual release. The conflict is further heightened in today"s society, for with advancing technology and the need for more and more education and training to compete successfully, marriage and its privilege of socially sanctioned sexual expression‎, _______________.
(a) are fully satisfied
(b) are further delayed
(c) come to be more decent
(d) are increasingly attractive

21.
Despite harsh anti-smoking laws, many people continue to light up. Around the world, legislators have tried to eradicate people"s smoking habit by restricting smoking areas, banning or limiting tobacco ads, imposing steep taxes, and putting ominous health warnings on cigarette packages. But addictive habits are too strong to be ended overnight. The number of young smokers is rapidly growing. Some kids are curious, and others blindly imitate adult habits. An even larger portion of young smokers bend to peer pressure.
Another problem is that many governments rely heavily on income generated by cigarette sales, so they are reluctant to crack down aggressively. The government doesn"t seem to realize that skyrocketing health costs will outpace current incomes someday soon.

Which of the following statements agrees with the beliefs of the writer?
(a) A strong law should be made which punishes young smokers harshly.
(b) Government should stop relying on the income from cigarette sales and take strong action against smoking.
(c) Governments should use the income from cigarette sales to cover health costs for smokers.
(d) Education to stop people from smoking should begin from elementary school.

25.
The merits of city versus country living are numerous. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, however, cities have been viewed as the sites of economic opportunity by the masses of people in the Western world. The countrysides have become progressively depopulated, as millions sought jobs and better live for themselves among the teeming throngs of London, Manchester, New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Shanghai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Mexico City, and many other urban complexes.

Q. Which of the following best describes the writer"s attitude about cities?
(a) Concerned
(b) Favorable
(c) Indifferent
(d) Sarcastic

27.
When Nelson Mandela was released after 27years of imprisonment, people wondered how he would break the enforced silence of his long incarceration-would he be challenging or conciliatory? He spoke in the evening of his release at a rally in Cape Town. He said the factors that forced the ANC to take up its arms struggle still existed and he urged the world not to relax sanction, But he aloe called President de Klerk a man of integrity and he appealed to whites to join in shaping a new South Africa.

Q. When Mandela was released from the imprisonment, what was his political attitude?
(a) Both challenging and conciliatory
(b) Cooperative and submissive
(c) Resistant but challenging
(d) Critical but submissive

s-take 17 (p.135 - ans : 4.b 5.c 8.c 10.d 14.b 16.d 21.d 22.b 24.c 25.b )

4.
One of the unique features of postwar American drama is its cheerful isolation from a central literary tradition. A successful playwright today may think of himself as a craftsman, an entertainer, even a creative artist, but only in very rare cases would he accomplish enough to be included among the novelists, poets, and essayists who are in a category of their own. In his subject matter, his writing style, his associations, his attitudes, and his ideas, the dramatist ________________ the mainstream of intellectual and literary discourse.
(a) enters into
(b) is far removed from
(c) follows the central figures of
(d) tries to link his ideas to

5.
As kids, we found that comic books-those colorful picture books filled with action heroes-were a good way to learn how to read. Even if we didn"t understand all of the words, we could track the story line once we knew the signs. Villains, the bad guys, were the ones who seemed always to be in need of a shave, smoked stubby cigars, and wore dark clothing even in the middle of summer. Heroes, on the other hand, were a clean-cut, wrinkle-free bunch with straight noses, good physiques, and the proper attire for every occasion. As adults, we still allow symbolism to define the person. We assume ____________.
(a) comics accurately reflect reality
(b) appearances can be deceiving
(c) initial impressions indicate character traits
(d) real-life experiences prevent deep understanding

8.
A substance found in the saliva of a venomous lizard could provide a treatment for Alzheimer"s disease. An experimental drug has been developed from the Gila Monster"s saliva to improve memory and learning. The Gila Monster"s bite can be deadly, but its saliva contains a chemical which acts on a previously unknown receptor pathway in the brain that affects memory. The Alzheimer"s Society has welcomed the development, although it has cautioned that any drug breakthrough ____________.
⒜ may be achieved soon
⒝ could cure the disease more effectively
⒞ could be a long way off
⒟ will improve the patient"s condition

10.
Sigmund Freud"s book The Interpretation of Dreams(1900) opened a whole new world of psychological investigation. Prior to Freud, most psychologists considered dreams a meaningless carryover of waking thoughts or the result of indigestion. Upon analyzing his own dreams, Freud felt that many represented wish fulfillment. Thus, a student who is angry at a teacher may dream of successfully embarrassing the teacher in class; a lonely person may dream of romance; or a hungry child may dream of food. Although Freud"s view of dreaming is attractive, there is evedence against it. ________, volunteers in a study of the effects of prolonged starvation showed no particular increase in dreams about food and eating.

(a) As a result
(b) On the other hand
(c) However
(d) For example

14.
Henri Matisse was born in 1869, the year the Cutty Sark, a beautiful little clipper ship, was launched. In 1954, the year he died, the first hydrogen bomb exploded at Bikini Atoll. Not only did he live on, literally, from one world into another; he lived through some of the most traumatic political events in recorded history, the worst wars, the greatest slaughters, the most demented rivalries of ideology. Yet Matisse never made a didactic painting or signed a manifesto, and there is scarcely one reference to a political event-let alone an expression‎ of political opinion-to be found anywhere in his writings. Perhaps Matisse did suffer from fear and loathing like the rest of us, but there is no trace of them in his work. His paintings are the equivalent to that ideal place, scaled away from the assaults and erosions of history.
Q. Which is correct according to the passage?
⒜ Matisse did not believe art could transcend reality.
⒝ The turmoil of politics did not affect Matisse"s artistic world.
⒞ Matisse disagreed with contemporary ideological views.
⒟ Matisse"s achievements as a painter surpass those of any other artist.

16.
The Survey by the Harvard School of Public Health found that binge drinking on college campuses is still as common as in the early 1990s. The number of binge drinking at all-women"s schools rose to 32 percent in 2001, compared with 24 percent in 1993, increasing by a third. It has almost become part of American college culture. A woman student said, "I don"t know of any college where a large part of the student body isn"t drinking on weekends." The Harvard survey questioned 10.000 students at 119 four-year colleges, and defined binge drinking as four or more drinks in a row for women, or five or more for men. A great number of students said they had met the definition of binge drinking in the past 30 days.
Q. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
⒜ Women students are more frequent binge drinkers than men students.
⒝ Binge drinking for men implies more than ten drinks in a row.
⒞ Binge drinking is regarded as courageous among college students.
⒟ The number of binge drinkers in women"s schools has been increasing.

21.
In the first year of the war, perhaps the most important struggle was within the colonies themselves. Because neither the British nor the American leaders were prepared to compromise, few doubted that the issue could be resolved by means of full-scale war. But many colonists remained deeply loyal to the British and, despite the coercion of the Revolutionaries, unwilling to wage war against the mother country. Nearly 100,000 of these Royalists were forced into exile, while those who remained suffered ostracism, disfranchisement, confiscation of property, and other penalties for their loyalty to the King. Still, the American Revolution produced none of the wholesale imprisonment or executions of dissidents that have marked other revolutions.

Q. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Royalists who remained in America?
(a) They were ostracized.
(b) Their private property was seized from them.
(c) They were unable to vote.
(d) Their rights to carry on businesses were taken away.

22.
From 1920 until about 1930 an unprecedented outburst of creative activity among African-Americans occurred in all fields of art. Beginning as a series of literary discussions in the lower Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and upper Manhattan
(Harlem) sections of New York City, this African-American cultural movement became known as "The New Negro Movement" and later as the Harlem Renaissance. More than a literary movement and more than a social revolt against racism, the Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression‎. Although the Renaissance was not a school, and although not all writers associated with it shared a common purpose, they had a common bond: they dealt with Black life from a Black perspective.
Q. Which is correct about The Harlem Renaissance according to the passage?
⒜ It quickly evolved into a political movement.
⒝ The artists involved in it were not limited to writers.
⒞ Its rise was prompted by a great migration of African-Americans.
⒟ It was triggered by a violent controversy over racism.

24.
A new dinosaur fossil, discovered in China, could change the way we think about dinosaurs forever. Some palaeontologists from China and the US suggest dinosaurs may have looked more like large odd-shaped birds than huge, scaly lizards. From previous fossil findings, scientists have conjectured that some dinosaurs were covered with a feather-like fluff known as proto feathers. But this new fossil of a carnivorous dinosaur provides the first evidence that dinosaurs may at some point in their lives have been covered with real feathers, like those we see on modern birds.
Q. What possible new conclusion have scientists made about dinosaurs?
⒜ Dinosaurs living in China may have looked different from other dinosaurs.
⒝ Dinosaurs may have looked like huge, scaly lizards.
⒞ Dinosaurs may have looked like odd-shaped birds.
⒟ It is likely that all dinosaurs were carnivorous.

25.
In the midst of a depressed economy, Japan seems to be losing the respect of the world, particularly of the U.S. Lately there has been much meddlesome criticism from Washington about Japanese internal matters. Harsh remarks about Japan, calling it an "economic animal" or "free rider," will persist until this country becomes truly independent and departs from the policy of overemphasis on the economy at
the cost of dependence on the U.S. for national security. We should abolish the Japan-U.S. Security Pact and let the American troops go home from all the U.S. bases in Japan. Then Japanese defense forces could use these bases to defend this peace-loving neutral nation with a lightly armed military.
Q. According to the writer of this letter, what factor would best help Japan to recover its international status?
⒜ Economic independence
⒝ Military independence
⒞ Political reform
⒟ Economic reform

[wind of change]

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