긴급 공지 -시중에 잘못된 논란 문제 정리-논리, 독해 해설

[이정남]

이번 논리완성과 독해도 그렇게 어렵지는 않습니다.

특히 아무도 언급하지 않는 논란 문제도 있군요.

우리 이정남 편입 학당 학생들은 맞았으리라 생각합니다.

바로 논리 30번 문제죠.

이 복원이 맞다면... 시중의 답을 틀립니다.

물론 복원한 문제가 틀리다면 다른 답이 될 수도 있습니다.

복원을 제대로 안하고 답만 베껴 그대로 올려서는 우리 학생들에게 도움이 되지 않습니다.

선생님은 현재 복원된 내용과 구글 원문을 모두 올립니다.

선생님이 시험을 봤으면 좋은 답답함이 있군요.

복원 문제를 올릴 때는 반드시 정확한 문제를 올리고 답을 연구해서  올려야 혼란이 없을 것 같군요.

 

30. Skepticism and inquiry are the essence of science progress. It is always legitimate to challenge existing consensus with new data or an altering hypothesis. Those who insist that         silent are not the allies of science.

ⓐ collaboration                 ⓑ dissent

ⓒ neutrality                   ⓓ conformity

해설> 이 문제는 전 학원에서 틀린 문제 같은데, 이 문제가 복원이 정확하다면 주어가 Those인데 이 사람들이 과학의 allies가 아니다가 답이라면 이 글의 main idea인 과학에 회의와 탐구심을 가지라는 말의 반대말 즉 과학에 조용히 순응하는 것은 과학의 협력자가 아니다가 답이 되어야 한다. 하지만 이 문제는 문법적으로 오류가 있죠.

insist 가 명사 앞에 자동사로 쓰일 때는 on--가 나와야죠. that절이 나오려면 주어 shoudl be silenced 형태로 나오든지.  

insist on silent confromity  정도가 정확한 답이 될 것입니다.

만약 이 내용의 원문을 가지고 문제를 낸다면 답이 달라집니다. 

 Skepticism and inquiry are the essence of science progress. It is always legitimate to challenge existing consensus with new data or an alternative hypothesis. Those who insist that              be silenced or even punished are not the allies of science.

이와 같이 문제가 나왔다면 punished 라는 말 자체가 역접이므로 당연히  dissent가 답이 되는 것입니다.

또한  insist on의 목적어로 blank가 나오는 것과, be 동사가 나와서 dissent should be silenced는 다르다는 것이죠.

be동사가 너무 중요하죠.  

다시 강조합니다. 

문제를 똑바로 올려서 복원을 해야지 구글만 베껴서 올리면 우리 학생들에게 도움이 될 수 없습니다.  

40. Although women may feel free to exercise wit in private and with other women, cultural sanctions discourage them from making their humor public. Humor in aggressive. Women are not supposed to be. Therefore, to be acceptable, women must overtly conform; their humor must be             .

ⓐ subversive          ⓑ conspicuous

ⓒ inflammatory       ⓓ belligerent

해설> 논란이 있다고 하나 app 2. main idea 찾는 문제

humor는 여성이 해서는 안 되는 것이니까 당연히 없어져야, 파괴되어야가 답이죠.

[62-64]

The costs associated with a traditional view of masculinity are enormous, and the damage occurs at both personal and societal levels. The belief that a boy should be tough (aggressive, competitive, and daring) can create emotional pain for him. While a few boys experience short-term success for their toughness, there is little security in the long run. Instead, it leads to a series of challenges which few, if any, boys ultimately win. There is no security in being at the top when somany other boys are competing for the same status. Toughness also leads to increased chances of stress, physical injury, and even early death. It is considered manly to take extreme physical risks and voluntarily engage in combative, hostile activities.

The flip side of toughnessㅡnurturanceㅡis not a quality perceived as masculine and         . Because of this, boys and men experience a greater emotional distance from other people and few opportunities to participate in meaningful interpersonal relationships. Studies consistently show that fathers spend very small amounts of time interacting with their children. In addition, men report that they seldom have intimate relationships with other men. They are afraid of getting too close and don't know how to take down the walls that they have built between themselves.

62. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ accordingly praised

ⓑ is considered positive

ⓒ is not criticized

ⓓthus not valued

63. Which of the following can be inferred about "toughness" according to the passage?

ⓐIt can atrophy through the socialization process with peers.

ⓑIt presupposes that boys will avoid risk-taking to survive.

ⓒ It has a counterpart in nurturance, which emphasizes interpersonal relationships.

ⓓ It can lead to success in later life for boys who are highly competitive.

해설> 논란의 여지가 없는 문제, Because of this,에서 this는 앞 문장 전체를 가리키죠. 따라서 강인함의 반대 개념 nurturance 부드럽게 보살핌 loving care는 가치를 인정받지 못했다가 답이니까 c는 그대로 나왔지만 a는 나오지 않았죠. because of this에서 this를 잘못 해석하는 사람들이 오답을 쓸 가능성이 있음

64. What is the best title for the passage?

ⓐ The Feminization of Boys

ⓑHow Society Shapes Masculinity

ⓒThe Debate over the Nurturing of Boys

ⓓ Developing Social Networks Based on Masculinity

[65-66]

A style of singing in Tuva, known as "throat" singing, but, more precisely called overtone singingㅡ the ability to single out and control overtones, phrasing them two or more at a timeㅡ finally became known outside of this remote region at the dawn of the 1990s. While everyone has natural harmonics in his or her voice, the Tuvans were able to focus on one of these harmonics, or overtones, create a drone with one overtone and then, vocally, grab a higher pitch, which shapes a melody on top, allowing them to sing duets with themselves. Tuvans divide various overtone styles into three major types, all of which use nature to describe the sounds. Sygyt, for example, is simply an imitation of singing birds or gentle breezes. Xoomei tends to suggest stronger winds, while Kargyraa portends storms. No doubt, people this connected to nature realized that in the birds and rivers and rocks were the spirits. Overtone singing, then, was used . There are mountains in the region that make sounds by holding winds before releasing them into the valleys below. Rivers also create sound patterns that very according to the rocks they hit; supposedly, their sounds contain the origins of overtone singing.

65. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ shamanically

ⓑ therapeutically

ⓒ apocalyptically

ⓓ prophetically

66. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

ⓐIn overtone singing, two sounds are simultaneously made like in a duet.

ⓑ According to the Tuvans, overtone singing stems from the sounds of nature.

ⓒThe three Tuvans overtone styles have differing degrees of intensity.

ⓓ The Tuvans have differently shaped vocal cords than other peoples.

해설> 논란의 여지가 없이 성대 문제는 나오지도 않았으니까 d가 정답

Tuvans divide various overtone styles into three major types, all of which use nature to describe the sounds. 이 문장으로 d가 답 성대 이야기는 나오지도 않았음

 논리 독해 해설 전체

28. George Bernard Shaw expressed his          for technological progress when he said that the human race is just interested in finding more efficient ways of exterminating itself.

ⓐ disdain              ⓑ proclivity

ⓒ regard              ⓓ praise

해설> keyword exterminating - 부정적인 단어 disdain

이 단어는 수업 시간에 abhor 꾸러미로 너무 강조

29. That the housing crisis is at the economic collapse is          since word "oikos." which gives us "economy””means "house"

ⓐ improper            ⓑ ambiguous

ⓒ pertinent            ⓓ extraneous

해설> app 3 문제 당연히 economy 와 house을 연관시키니까 pertinent 답

시험 전 날에도 be pertinent to, be related to --- 꾸러미는 강조

30. Skepticism and inquiry are the essence of science progress. It is always legitimate to challenge existing consensus with new data or an altering hypothesis. Those who insist that         silent are not the allies of science.

ⓐ collaboration                 ⓑ dissent

ⓒ neutrality                   ⓓ conformity

해설> 이 문제는 전 학원에서 틀린 문제 같은데, 이 문제가 복원이 정확하다면 주어가 Those인데 이 사람들이 과학의 allies가 아니다가 답이라면 이 글의 main idea인 과학에 회의와 탐구심을 가지라는 말의 반대말 즉 과학에 조용히 순응하는 것은 과학의 협력자가 아니다가 답이 되어야 한다. 이것은 너무 쉬운 문제인데... 

31. Since many efforts to specify the connection between facial features and personal character have been        , the, the term "physiognomy," the putative science dealing with the connection, commonly connotes pseudo-science or charlatanry

ⓐ concentrated                 ⓑ rewarded

ⓒ verified                     ⓓdiscredited

해설> key words psuedo-science, charlatanry 답이 분명히 부정적이죠?이 문제는 논란이 없는 것 같군요.

32. “Few writers had lied as much or taken such pleasure in mystifying the world as Stendhal." a critic asserted in his essay.         , he added, "few wirters have spoken the truth better and more profoundly than he."

ⓐ Paradoxically               ⓑ Repeatedly

ⓒ Analogously                ⓓ Metaphorically

해설> 정말 많이 풀었던 역접 접속 부사 역접

33. The deftness of concealing ones' achievements its one of the skills in the art of        . Many children. for example, attend after-school academic classes but keep it confidential to hide their efforts classes but keep it confidential to hide their efforts to race ahead of the crowd.

ⓐ uniqueness          ⓑ sameness

ⓒ variation            ⓓ divergence

해설> approach concealing one's achievements가 key words

자신의 성취를 숨기는 것은 다른 사람과 다름이 없음을 의미하는 app 2. collocation과 main idea를 물어 보는 문제

34. These shameless elderly gossips were never know to spare an ounce of charity for anybody out their own circle, but they spent endless time on another's aches and pains in expression‎           !.

ⓐ criticism            ⓑ commiseration

ⓒ reprehension         ⓓ ridicule

해설> charity의 never 역접에 but 역접은 순접 따라서 동정이 답

35. A common feature of urban legends is that they are always          to be true. As unbelievable as they may seem, something about them appears to be true.

ⓐ confessed           ⓑ repudiated

ⓒ alleged              ⓓ disclaimed

 해설> 너무나 강조했던 alleged(주장되는) collocation 문제

36. When we've fought for power among ourselves, words have been a frequent weapon. We sling epithets that bruise as much as sticks Nicknames for people slide from slang to         , gathering the power to main psychologically.

ⓐ vernacular          ⓑ eulogy

ⓒ jargon              ⓓ slur

 해설> 시험 전 날에 vernacular = jargon, dialect, endemic 강의를 들었으면 맞출 문제.

37. One of the most impressive facts about modern life is that in it intellectual activity is not carried          on by a rigidly defined class, such as a priesthoods, but rather by a social stratum which is a large degree unattached to any class and which is recruited from an increasingly inclusive area of social life.

ⓐ exclusively          ⓑ sacrilegiously

ⓒ comprehensively    ⓓ eclectically

해설> not - but flag word. key words inclusive 답은 역접

38. To our absolute amazement, the entire audience rose cheering to their feet at the conclusion of our ordinarily placid valedictorian's speech because until this event, in all times we had heard him speak, he was merely         in his delivery.

ⓐ menacing           ⓑ enthralling

ⓒ pedestrian          ⓓ flagrant

해설>pedestrian이 보행자 말고 평범한의 의미가 있으니까 app. 2 main idea

39. It has been suggested that environment is the predominant factor in the incidence of drug addiction, but recent studies with twins separated at birth indicate that a predisposition to addiction can be         .

ⓐ exacerbated          ⓑ inherited

ⓒ disciplined          ⓓ learned

해설> 너무 강조했던 인간의 실존성과 사회성, 즉 주변 환경과 내재적인 타고난 inborn, inherited 개념

40. Although women may feel free to exercise wit in private and with other women, cultural sanctions discourage them from making their humor public. Humor in aggressive. Women are not supposed to be. Therefore, to be acceptable, women must overtly conform; their humor must be             .

ⓐ subversive          ⓑ conspicuous

ⓒ inflammatory       ⓓ belligerent

해설> 논란이 있다고 하나 app 2. main idea 찾는 문제

humor는 여성이 해서는 안 되는 것이니까 당연히 없어져야, 파괴되어야가 답이죠.

41. Even when regulation seems firmly founded in economic principles, it is likely to lead to less than ideal results. The reason for this is known as the capture theory of regulation, which suggests that too often regulating agencies become captives of the industry they were designed to      .

ⓐ eschew             ⓑ rejuvenate

ⓒ demoralize          ⓓ control

해설> 논란의 여지가 없는 app2. main idea 문제

42. The current trend toward specialization in nearlty all occupational groups is exactly the opposite of what is needed. World problems today are diverse, complex, and interrelated that only the           stands a chance of understanding the broad picture.

ⓐ skeptic              ⓑ optimist

ⓒ generalist           ⓓ nihilist

해설> key word. specialization의 역접

43. One would expect people to remember the past and to imagine the future. But in fact, when discoursing or writing about history, they imagine it in terms of their own experience, and when trying to guage the future they cite supposed analogies from the past: till, by a double          process of, they imagine the past and remember the future.

ⓐ memory             ⓑ repetition

ⓒ disillusionment      ⓓ intuition

해설> app 2 main idea와 collocation 문제, 과거를 기억해서 미래를 상상하고, analogy하고 반복밖에 답이 없죠.

44. At the time, government enthusiasm for space stations      because there was no longer enough money to undertake such ambitious projects. As the energy crises of the 1970s eased, the prime reason for building such stations - to provide a cheap, dependable supply of energy from space - no longer seemed so urgent. Space engineers began to fcus their attention on more        projects.

ⓐ vanished - modest          ⓑ intensified - grandiose

ⓒ receded - prodigious         ⓓ escalated - auspicious

해설> app 1으로 첫 번째 blank를 먼저 풀고 뒤를 풀면 쉬운 문제. no long money 따라서 vanish 사라진다. 답

45. Some radical antiglobalizationists, called "localists," believe that international trade and activity should be greatly          and that power should be returned to the national, regional, and local level. Most antiglobalizationists are more         , however, and consider the localists' view parochial.

ⓐ immobilized - radical

ⓑ fostered - positive

ⓒ curtailed - moderate

ⓓ promoted - cautious

해설> key word antiglobalization = localists 이런 단어와 international은 역접

curtaile , 뒤에 however가 역접이니까 moderate 완화시키다가 답

46. Although the positive news that the cancer was caught in time to treat it with radiation therepy is often a cause for momentary celebration, that temporary         is quickly         with the realization that the treatments may take months.

ⓐ euphoria - dampened       ⓑ gladness - elevated

ⓒ sorrow - alleviated         ⓓ buoyancy - augmented

해설> key word take months 따라서 역접 dampened,  일시적인 다음에는 긍정적인 말이 답 

47. Britain's Collins English Dictionary has decided to shed rarely used       and words as part of a cleansing process to make room for 2,000 new entries. But the dictionary's compilers face passionate       from word lovers who believe that any cull reduces the richness and variety of the language.

ⓐ newfangled - opposition            ⓑ archaic - resistance

ⓒ unprecedented - endorsement       ⓓ antiquated - support

 해석> key word 언어의 다양성을 추구하는 사람 따라서 부정적인 단어가 답 앞에는 그것과 역접은 새로운 단어를 위해 낡은 archaic 단어 shed 버린다. 가 답

[

〔48-49〕 

The race to the bottom is a socioeconomic concept that occurs between nations. When competition becomes fierce between nations over a particular area of trade and production, the nations are given increased incentive to dismantle currently existing regulatory standards. It may be seen that with the global push towards free trade, labor is now to the race to the bottom model. With an extremely large labor pool to draw from worldwide and a virtually unrestricted ability to move capital, multinational corporations may now freely move their operations from country to country, following the most affordable labor. This in turn affects labor laws, particularly in developing countries, where things such as minimum wage or required overtime pay create a large barrier to lowest-cost labor. The race to the bottom, therefore, dictates that more and more nations(again, particularly in the developing world) will eliminate their labor laws.

48. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

ⓐ The race to the bottom model results in changes in labor laws.

ⓑInternational trade restricts the capital flow to developing nations.

ⓒCheap labor is concentrated more in developed rather than deceloping nations.

ⓓOutsourcing is less common for multinational companies.

49. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ thoroughly resisting

ⓑ entirely immune to

ⓒ very susceptible to

ⓓ debating whether it needs

해설> 늘 강조했던 경제 문제

〔50-51〕

Eclipses happen only during the new moon phase, when the moon moves to the side of Earth facing the sun. However, because the moon orbits Earth at a slight angle, the three bodies will only periodically line up on the same plane to create an eclipse . Interestingly, total eclipses are only possible on Earth because of a: The moon's diameter and distance from Earth make its relative size just big enough to cover the sun. If the moon were any smaller of farther away, we would only see partial eclipses. In fact, in a billion years of so, the moon will have drifted so far from Earth that solar eclipses will no longer occur. Another type of solar eclipse, the annular eclipse, occurs when the moon's elliptical orbit carries it far enough from Earth that it becomes too small to totally block the sun. In this case, the eclipse appears as a blackened circle rimmed by sunlight. Total eclipse occurs every one or two years, while total and partial eclipses together aberage about two and a half incidences per year.

But because they are visible from such a small area on Earth each time, the chance of observing a total eclipse from any single spot is less than once in a lifetime.

50. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ hypothetical pattern

ⓑ systematic illusion

ⓒ catastrophic interaction

ⓓ serendipitous coincidence

51. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

ⓐ The slight angle of the sun allows it to align with Earth and the moon so it becoms hidden.

ⓑ The increasing distance between the moon and Earth will ultimately eliminate eclipses.

ⓒ Nowadays, total eclipses are more commonly observed than partial eclipses.

ⓓ The annular eclipse is an atypical and the rarest form of partial eclipse.

해설> 늘 강조했던 천문학 문제

〔52-53〕

The concept of sustainability applies to all aspects of life on Earth and is commonly defined within ecological, socail and economic contests. Due to fators such as overpopulation, lack of education, inadequate financial circumstances and the actions of past generations, sustainability can be difficult to achieve. In an ecological context, sustainability is defined as the ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes, functions, biodiversity and produstivity into the future. In a social context,

sustainabklity is expressed as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. When applied in an economic context, a business is sustainable if it has adapted its practices for the use of renewable resources and is accountable for the environmental impacts of its activities. To be sustainable, regardless of context, Earth's resources must be used at a rate at which they can be replenished. There is now clear scientific evidence that humanity is living unsustainably, and that an effort is needed to keep human use of natural resources within sustainable limits.

52. Choose the one closest in meaning to the underlined "compromising the ability."

ⓐ acknowledging the competence

ⓑ accommodating the fitness

ⓒ undermining the capacity

ⓓ rebuking the aptitude

53. Which of the following cannot be inferred about "sustainability" according to the passage?

ⓐ It generally refers to maintenance capacity

ⓑIt can be attained through orchestrated effor

ⓒIt includes environmental responsibility.

ⓓIt is an inevitable process of nature

해설> substantial에 대해서는 너무 강조

[54-55]

A Christmas Carolremains one of the rare novels to have infiltrated popular culture, leaving the impress of its characters and language even on those who have never read it. Christmas offered a means for its author, Charles Dickens, to redeem the despair the terrors of his childhood. After a series of financial embarrassments that left his family insolvent, the 12-year-old Dickens, his schooling interrupted, was sent to work at a shoe blacking factory in a quixotic attempt to remedy his family's plight.

Because Dickens's tribulations were not particular to him bur emblematic of the Industrial Revolution, the concerns that inform his fiction were shared by millions of potential readers. Dickens intended to make the sufferings of the most vulnerable of the underclass os pungently real to his readers that they could not continue to ignore their need, not so much for charity as for the means to save themselves: education. At least this was his conscious purpose. In a sense, replacing the slippery Holy Ghost with anthropomorphized spirits, the infant Christ with a crippled child whose salvation waits on man'sㅡ not God'sㅡgenerosity, Dickens laid claim to a religious festival, handing it over to the gathering forces of secular humanism.

54. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

ⓐ A Christmas Carol may not have been written had Dickens not faced difficulties in his youth.

ⓑDickens attempted to enlighten the public through religious renderings of a secular society.

ⓒ The enduring popularity of A Christmas Carol stems from its universally appealing story.

ⓓ Dickens upheld the ideal that education could be the salvation of the underprivileged.

55. What is the best title for the passage?

ⓐDickens's Humanistic Take on Christmas

ⓑ A Portrait of the Underclass in Dickens's Novel

ⓒHow Poverty Shaped the Life of Dickens

ⓓDickens's Christmas Theme of Spiritual Redemption

 해석> 문학 문제는 main idea 문제

[56-58]

In evolutionary biology, an organism is said tobehave altruistically when its behaviour benefits

other organisms, at a cost to itself. The costs and benefits are measured in terms of

reproductive fitness, or expected number of offspring. so by behaving altruistically, an organism reduces the number of offspring it is likely to produce itself, but boosts the number that other organisms are likely to produce. This biological notion of altruism is not identical to the everyday concept. In everyday parlance, an action would only be called "altruistic" if it was done with the conscious intention of helping another. But in the biological sense. For the biologist, it is the consequences of an action would only be reproductive fitness that determine whether the action counts as altruistic, not the intentions, if any, with which the action is performed.

Altruistic behaviour is common throughout the animal kingdom, particularly in species with

complex social structures. For example, in social insect colonies (e.g.., ants and bees), sterile workers devote their whole lives to caring for the queen which is maximally altruistic. From a Darwinian viewpoint, the existence of altruism in nature is at first sight puzzling. Natural selection leads us to expect animals to behave in ways that increase their own chances of survival and reproduction, not those of others. But by behaving altruistically an animal reduces its own fitness, so should be at a selective disadvantage vis-a-vis one which behaves selfishly.

56. What is the main idea of the passage?

ⓐ The number of offsprings an organism produces is a measure of altruism.

ⓑ The Darwinian theory of natural selection has been proven wrong by altruism in insects.

ⓒ For some organisms, altruism is at odds with increasing their chance of survival.

ⓓ Altruism is a concept usually reserved for humans who have emotions.

57. Which of the following best fills in the blank?

ⓐ it is completely logical

ⓑ there is no such requirement

ⓒ this is a strong tendency

ⓓ the action is accidental

58. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

ⓐBiologists consider altruism to be actions that are an extension of intentions.

ⓑFor biologists, the notion of altruism involves some degree of self-sacrifice.

ⓒ Altruistic organisms are more inclined to assist in other's reproduction rather than their own.

ⓓThe biological view of altruism somewhat contradicts Darwin's theory of natural selection.

 해설> 이타주의에 대해서는 너무 강조한 문제 이와 생물학과 연결

[59-61]

The broadcast and print media regularly provide hype for individuals who have achieved "super" success. These stories are usually about celebrities and superstars from the sports and entertainment world. Society pages and gossip columns serve to keep the social elite informed of each other's doings, allow the rest of us to gawk at their excesses, and help to keep the American dream alive. The print media is also fond of feature stories on corporate empire builders. These stories provide an occasional "insider's" view of the private and corporate life of industrialists by suggesting a rags to riches account of corporate success. These stories tell us that corporate success is a series of smart moves, shrewd acquisitions, timely mergers, and well thought out executive suite shuffles. By painting the upper class in a positive light, innocent of any wrongdoing (labor leaders and union organizations usually get the opposite treatment), the media assures us that wealth and power are . One person's capital accumulation is presumed to be good for all. The elite, then, are portrayed as investment wizards, people of special talent and skill, whom even their victims (workers and consumers) can admire.

59. Choose the one closest in meaning to the underlined "to gawk at their excesses."

ⓐ to marvel at their regard for morals

ⓑ to gape at their lack of moderation

ⓒto pity their longing for luxury

ⓓto envy their nonchalant attitude

60. What is the author's purpose in the passage?

ⓐto prove that the media is overly devoted to sensational stories

ⓑto lament the media's protection of the negligence of the social elite

ⓒto criticize the idealization of the social elite by the media

ⓓto argue that the social elite need to be more responsible to society

61. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ ubiquitous

ⓑ irrelevant

ⓒ benevolent

ⓓ multifaceted

[62-64]

The costs associated with a traditional view of masculinity are enormous, and the damage occurs at both personal and societal levels. The belief that a boy should be tough (aggressive, competitive, and daring) can create emotional pain for him. While a few boys experience short-term success for their toughness, there is little security in the long run. Instead, it leads to a series of challenges which few, if any, boys ultimately win. There is no security in being at the top when somany other boys are competing for the same status. Toughness also leads to increased chances of stress, physical injury, and even early death. It is considered manly to take extreme physical risks and voluntarily engage in combative, hostile activities.

The flip side of toughnessㅡnurturanceㅡis not a quality perceived as masculine and         . Because of this, boys and men experience a greater emotional distance from other people and few opportunities to participate in meaningful interpersonal relationships. Studies consistently show that fathers spend very small amounts of time interacting with their children. In addition, men report that they seldom have intimate relationships with other men. They are afraid of getting too close and don't know how to take down the walls that they have built between themselves.

62. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ accordingly praised

ⓑ is considered positive

ⓒ is not criticized

ⓓthus not valued

63. Which of the following can be inferred about "toughness" according to the passage?

ⓐIt can atrophy through the socialization process with peers.

ⓑIt presupposes that boys will avoid risk-taking to survive.

ⓒ It has a counterpart in nurturance, which emphasizes interpersonal relationships.

ⓓ It can lead to success in later life for boys who are highly competitive.

해설> 논란의 여지가 없는 문제, Because of this,에서 this는 앞 문장 전체를 가리키죠. 따라서 강인함의 반대 개념 nurturance 부드럽게 보살핌 loving care는 가치를 인정받지 못했다가 답이니까 c는 그대로 나왔지만 a는 나오지 않았죠. because of this에서 this를 잘못 해석하는 사람들이 오답을 쓸 가능성이 있음

64. What is the best title for the passage?

ⓐ The Feminization of Boys

ⓑHow Society Shapes Masculinity

ⓒThe Debate over the Nurturing of Boys

ⓓ Developing Social Networks Based on Masculinity

[65-66]

A style of singing in Tuva, known as "throat" singing, but, more precisely called overtone singingㅡ the ability to single out and control overtones, phrasing them two or more at a timeㅡ finally became known outside of this remote region at the dawn of the 1990s. While everyone has natural harmonics in his or her voice, the Tuvans were able to focus on one of these harmonics, or overtones, create a drone with one overtone and then, vocally, grab a higher pitch, which shapes a melody on top, allowing them to sing duets with themselves. Tuvans divide various overtone styles into three major types, all of which use nature to describe the sounds. Sygyt, for example, is simply an imitation of singing birds or gentle breezes. Xoomei tends to suggest stronger winds, while Kargyraa portends storms. No doubt, people this connected to nature realized that in the birds and rivers and rocks were the spirits. Overtone singing, then, was used . There are mountains in the region that make sounds by holding winds before releasing them into the valleys below. Rivers also create sound patterns that very according to the rocks they hit; supposedly, their sounds contain the origins of overtone singing.

65. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐ shamanically

ⓑ therapeutically

ⓒ apocalyptically

ⓓ prophetically

66. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

ⓐIn overtone singing, two sounds are simultaneously made like in a duet.

ⓑ According to the Tuvans, overtone singing stems from the sounds of nature.

ⓒThe three Tuvans overtone styles have differing degrees of intensity.

ⓓ The Tuvans have differently shaped vocal cords than other peoples.

해설> 논란의 여지가 없이 성대 문제는 나오지도 않았으니까 d가 정답

Tuvans divide various overtone styles into three major types, all of which use nature to describe the sounds. 이 문장으로 d가 답 성대 이야기는 나오지도 않았음

[67-70]

We go see a horror movie to re-establish our feelings of essential normality; . It urges us to put away our more civilized and adult penchant for analysis and to become children again, seeing things in pure blacks and whites. And we go to have fun. This is where the ground starts to slope away, because this is a very peculiar sort of fun. The fun comes from seeing others menacedㅡsometimes killed. A critic has suggested that the horror film has become the modern version of the public lynching.

The potential lyncher is in almost all of us, and every now and then, he has to be let loose. Our emotions and our fears form their own body, and we recognize that it demands its own exercise to maintain proper muscle tone. Certain of these emotional muscles are accepted, even exalted, in civilized society. Love, friendship, loyalty, kindnessㅡthese are the emotions that we applaud. When we exhibit these emotions, society showers us with positive reinforcement. But anticivilization emotions don't go away, and they demand periodic exercise.

The horrors movie has a dirty job to do. It deliberately appeals to all that is worst in us. It is morbidity unchained, our most abject instincts let free, our nastiest fantasies realized. The most aggressive of horror films lifts a trap door in the civilized forebrain and throws a basket of raw meat to the hungry alligators swimming around in that subterranean river beneath. It keeps them from getting out. It keeps them down there and me up here.

67. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.

ⓐthe horror movie transforms moral standards

ⓑthe horror movie is innately convaentional

ⓒthe horror movie disavows antisocial desires

ⓓthe horror movie is traumatic for children

68. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

ⓐ We tend to use horror movies as an oulet for socially unaceeptable emotions.

ⓑ The simplicity of a horror movie can provide psychic relief to a degree.

ⓒA periodic lapse into irrationality enables us to eradicate our fears.

ⓓ What makes us recoil may at the same time satisfy our unconscious desire.

69. What is the purpose of the passage?

ⓐto explain why people crave horror movies

ⓑto analyze various types of insanity

ⓒto persuade people to view horror movies

ⓓto persuade people to view horror movies

70. What is the tone of the passage?

ⓐ accusatory

ⓑ analytical

ⓒ inspirational

ⓓ judgemental

해설> 시험 전 날 공부했던 horror 영화 문제

[ksb2009]

선생님 해설 너무 감사합니다. 해설이 없어서 답답했는데, 30번 conformity가 맞죠? 감사^^

[스마^^]

선생님 해설 감사합니다. ^^

[블라시오]

타학원에서 잘못 해설 해놓았던 그 부분을 바로고칩니다

[엔젤리쿠]

감사합니다!