***2월 28일 & 3월 셤대비 자료***

[SangCheolKim]

아래자료는 앞으로 나올 셤에 관한 자료입니다...///때를 늦추지 말고...차근차근 준비해서 한주라도 더 빨리 토플을 쫑냅시닷...홧팅...///

***2007년 6월 30일 스피킹 / 독립 형 라이팅 후기분석***

***1 번: Describe one of the most popular sports activities or games that people enjoy in your country. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

EX 1: Playing Soccer.

EX 2: Playing Baseball or Basketball or Golf.

Sample Response

I want to talk about “Soccer” as a favorite sport activity in my country. / Most Korean people enjoy playing soccer at least twice a month or watching professional games on T.V. / Especially, we’ve been playing this kind of sports activity since last 2002 World Cup Game in Korea and Japan. / Actually, more and more soccer clubs have been established / and Korean government has “also” invested a lot of money on building sports facilities such as a complex stadium for Soccer / since the World Cup was held in both countries. / Most people living in my country think of Soccer as the best sports activity / in terms of keeping good health and encouraging ourselves to be unified. /

***2 번: Some people want to use computer or the Internet to get some information; however, other people like to get it by using printed materials such as books or magazines. Which do you prefer and why?

EX 1: Much faster than using books or magazines.

EX 2: More information on it than in books or magazines.

EX 3: Major-Professional Knowledge vs Non-major-Common Knowledge

This is kind of complicated question. / Everything depends on what kind of information you need. / If you need some information related to your school home work, / you’d better use specific text books or special magazines to get more reliable and dependable information for that. / Even if it looks like a very inconvenient process, / I’m pretty sure that it is a more effective way than any other one for your school work. / On the other hand, if you need to know very common news or today’s weather or schedule of your favorite sports games, / it is much faster and more accurate / to get that kind of information by using the Internet / because (a) plenty of information is updated every hour every minute……/

***3 번: “Building a Gym”

Reading Passage:

The university has a plan to build a sports center for students around campus. / Over the past a few years, the university has made enough money (two billion dollars) to invest on school facilities, so it is necessary to make it for all students. / The reason is that students and faculties need a better place to exercise when they have spare time for their health and research and development. / We also want to meet a better relationship between the community and the university and attract more students every year by providing more convenient facilities. /

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, / the female student strongly disagrees with the announcement given by the president of the university / because she has different ideas for that. / First, she emphasizes that the university need to make up other facilities such as Student Center or Central Library first / because they’re too old for students to use. / Second, she thinks that building a new gym doesn’t seem to have a positive influence on the community / because the university sports teams have been losing more games than winning ones. / So, it’s not gonna attract more people living in the community she thinks. / Also, she believes that the gym is still not bad to use. / That’s why she strongly suggests that the university should invest more money on its other facilities / to better meet everybody’s satisfaction. /

*** 4 번: “Perceptual Constancy”

Lecture & Sample Response

The lecturer mainly talks about a theory “Perceptional Constancy” in Psychology class. / She explains that everything looks differently because of its different angle or location. / Actually, she gives us two types of examples. / One is a plate with a lot of food and the other is a professor in classroom. / In the first case of an example, a plate, / even if there’s full of food on it, and it looks different(ly), / however, it is still recognized that it is still round. // In the second case, / when a teacher comes to classroom, / even if the teacher’s height looks differently or the teacher’s weight feels also differently between the angles or locations from the front seat and the rear seat, / the teacher’s height or weight is still same……/

***5 번:

1. Problem: In this conversation, / the male student (the president of a club for Anthropology) has some problem with taking a museum trip / because his mother’s vehicle (mini-van) he really wanted to use is out of order. /

2. Two Possible Solutions: In this situation, / there are two possible solutions presented by the other student. / One is to repair the vehicle first / and the other is to rent another vehicle. /

3. Which is the better one of the two? Given the choice between two possible solutions, / I would choose the first one / because I’m pretty sure that / it is the better one of the two for the problem. /

4. Why? If he has a mechanic repair the vehicle, / even if it takes about a couple of hours, / it is more economical for him. / Actually, the vehicle he wanted to use should be fixed later. / Therefore, if he does so, / he is gonna get two birds by throwing a stone / even if it looks somewhat inconvenient ……/

EX 1: Rent a vehicle: Even if there are only four people excluding him to be able to pay the rent fee, / if everyone agrees with it, the whole amount to rent can be shared, / then they can enjoy the museum exhibition. /

EX 2: If he says that “my vehicle is out of order,” / at least 3-4 of the members might suggest that they should rent another minivan. / Then he doesn’t have to get the entire financial burden, / and eventually, they can rent a vehicle to go to the museum trip. /

***6 번: “Animal Camouflage”

The lecturer mainly talks about animal camouflage in biology class / in order to explain how animals protect themselves from their predators. / Actually, he gives us two types of animals as examples / and explains how different those animals are. / One is kind of animal (Dragon Fish) swimming with green body color through green plants avoiding from its predators. / The other case is Cattle Fish whose body can be changed (thanks to some pigment) / whenever they feel dangerous instinctively from its predators also…… /

Independent Writing

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that letting friend making a mistake is better than saying or doing something that would destroy the friendship? Use specific reasons and details in your writing.

2007년 12월 15일 스피킹 & 라이팅 후기분석

***1 번: Describe a place where you want to take your foreign friends when they visit your country. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Type 1: “COEX”

I want to take my foreign friends to COEX (that is) a complex shopping mall very near my home town, Seoul / because there’re many kinds of interesting places for fun. / A couple of weeks ago, I went there with many of my classmates taking same courses in my college. / It was very enjoyable. / What I would like to say is that we enjoyed seeing a movie in Movie Theater especially at the top of the building / and then, we ate very delicious sea food, Sushi, in food court. / It was very fantastic even if it was very exotic to me. / Since then, I’ve been fascinated by going to COEX. / So, if I have an opportunity to make anything special with my foreign friends, no matter what, no matter how, I will make it up in COEX. / I’m pretty sure that we’re going to have a lot of fun there……/

Type 2: While we’re reaching the top of the building to see a movie in Movie Theater, / we can enjoy the most beautiful landscape, the capital of my country, Seoul / because the elevator we will ride on is made of glass. /

Type 3: I want to take them to its Food Court / because we can enjoy not only various exotic food, such as Italian pizza not thick, but thin, / but also traditional Korean food, such as Bul-Go-Gi with Kimchi that is the most common Korean food and especially stands for Korea. /

***2 번: Some people want to take off-line course; nevertheless, other people want to take on-line course. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Type 1: “한쪽을 택하고, 한쪽의 장점을 말하는 접근”

1: I prefer taking off-line course to on-line course because I believe that there would be more advantages on this matter. (질문을 Paraphrasing 하는 것은 가장 중요한 시작이 될 것이다) / 2: Actually, I can get personal attention I need from my teachers when taking off-line course. (자신의 경험을 토대로, 문제(Issue)의 가장 중요한 장점을 제시한다) / 3: That means / if I have a question for the class, I can ask my teachers directly to respond to my question. (자신이 던진 안건을 더 명확한 예제를 통해 확실하게 설명한다. 이것은 “분명히” 여러분의 “Topic Development”을 강화하게 될 것이다) / 4: Definitely, my question will (can) be answered by my teachers very specifically as much as I expected. (침착하게 결말을 그려내고, 내가 왜 이런 아이디어를 보여주고 있는가? 라는 것을 설명하라) / 5: On the other hand, if I take on-line course, it would be much harder to do that. (명심하라! 비록 여러분이 한가지의 장점을 아주 잘 설명하는 것이 이러한 종류의 문제에 대한 가장 좋은 접근일 수 있지만, 스피킹 독립 형 2번 문제는 다분히 “비교”의 내용을 다루고 있다는 것을) / 6: That’s why I expect / taking off-line course would be better than any other way to learn. (마지막 문장에 대한 고정관념을 반드시 가질 필요는 없지만, 할 수만 있다면, 더 강력한 내용을 품고 있는 비교문장을 이용해서 마무리 하라!) /

Type 2: “또 다른 시각에서 본 샘플답안”

1: I prefer taking on-line course to off-line course in terms of saving time and money. (모든 Introduction은 질문을 패뤄프뢔이징 함으로써 시작된다)  / 2: For the first time, I took a class (that was) related with how to use computer last semester. (“스피킹 통합 형 3번”의 흐름처럼 “자신이 원하는 쪽의 동의를 구하기 위해서”, 자신의 과거 경험을 보여주는 스킬(Skill)도 역시 좋은 접근이 될 수 있다) / 3: It was excellent. (간단하게 그것이 어떠했다는 내용을 담는다) / 4: In fact, at that time I didn’t have enough time to attend any class for improving my computer skill. (사실상, 가장 강력한 동의는 “당시의 가장 열악한 상황을 보여줌으로써” 더 강력해질 수 있다. 이러한 논리는 “스피킹 통합 형 3번의 이해에 엄청난 도움이 될 것이다”) / 5: However, I could take a computer class on the Internet. (반전을 통해 자신의 아이디어의 진행을 도우라!) / 6: What I really want to explain is that I didn’t have to go to school to take it. (시간과 돈을 줄였다는 의미를 부여하라!) / 7: In the end of the semester, I made an A grade for that, so I was so satisfied with not only on-line computer class, but also the grade I made. (예시를 “완전” 구체화 하라!) / 8: Since then, I’ve been more fascinated by taking on-line course. (현재완료의 사용은 여러분의 “Language Use”을 높여줄 것이다) / 9: Now, I’m taking many on-line courses. (현재의 시제로 돌아오라!) / 10: I believe that it would give me more benefits in my future……(미래의 여운을 남기라!)

---상기 샘플답안은 45초를 훨씬 넘는 분량이다. 그러나, 이러한 흐름(최소한 4시제의 흐름)을 연습하고 자신의 것(구조)으로 만든다면, 반드시 여러분의 영어 실력은 물론 iBT Speaking의 “독립 형”과 “통합 형 3번”을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다---

Type 3: “가장 이상적인 답안”

1: This is a very complicated question. / 2: Everything depends on what types of classes I want to take / and what type of student I’m. / 3: On one hand, / if I’m an undergraduate student, freshman or sophomore / and I need to take general education classes such as Basic Computer, / I would rather take them on the Internet / because it would be “not” difficult to catch up with those lectures. / 4: On the other hand, / if I’m a graduate school student / and I need to take core classes for my thesis, / definitely, I would rather take them off line / because I often need to get a lot of personal attention to do that from my teachers. / 5: Otherwise it would be harder to finish my job by myself……/

***3 번: Reading Passage: “Elimination of Art Course”

The University has decided to eliminate the sculpture course. / In fact, over the past a few years, we have served the class for students who are very interested in art, but now we have several reasons to do away with this course. / The University has only a few students taking it and it is very expensive to keep. / Also, despite lack of budget, we have spent so much money hiring professional teachers for it and what is worse, most of them are about to retire very soon……

Conversation & Summary: “A female student strongly disagrees with this announcement because she has two better ideas she believes for that university policy.”

The First Idea: She can’t believe that there’re not many students taking the course because she couldn’t take the class, even if she tried to take it / because of so many core classes she had to take with requirement. /

The Second Idea: She suggests that at least university should try to replace (the) teachers whose second major is art-related subject (sculpture) or other part-time professors / with the teachers who retire soon. / Even if university has no budget for that, she thinks that they have to do like she suggests……/

***4 번: “Behavior Modification”

Reading Passage:

People’s behavior can be affected by many factors. / Once they are influenced by a specific element, seldom can it be altered. / Behavior modification is a technique of changing an individual's behaviors and reactions to stimuli through the positive and negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior or the elimination of maladaptive behavior through positive and negative conditioning…… /

Lecture & Sample Response

In this lecture, the female professor is explaining this theory, while giving an example in two types of different ways. / In the first way, there were elementary school students who initially made a mistake. / However, they could eventually recognize what they did before by being scolded from their teachers. / Then, they were able to alter their misbehavior to the right behavior. / At last, they got a pat on the back from their teachers. // In the second way, she explains that conversely, also there were elementary school students who made a good job, so they could be praised by their teachers and then they could keep what they did for the good behavior. / Finally, what she emphasizes is that although there were two results from the example, the first result could last longer than the first one……/

***5 번:

Problem: In this conversation, the female student has a serious problem with her personal computer because her computer is out of order, so she can’t do anything to finish her final paper.

Two Possible Solutions: That’s why there’re two possible solutions for her problem presented by the other student talking with her. / One is using university computer lab, but she says that it would be too noisy to concentrate on her paper because of so many students. / Then the male student suggests that she should go to computer lab very early in the morning or at night, but she still refutes that there would be so crowed due to final season. // The other is going to computer repair shop, but she says that it would be very difficult to contact any of the computer shops available because most of the shops are closed during weekend and she can’t wait for the next Monday……

Which is better one of the two and why? “Let’s make it complete!”
***6 번:

Lecture: “A male professor is explaining a theory related with marketing class.”

In this lecture, the lecturer mainly talks about a theory related with marketing in order to explain how costumers make a decision when they make a purchase. / He gives us two types of examples in detail. / One is that / in the past, typically people preferred buying goods or products more excellent and reliable if the price of the goods or products was same / because they were concerned about how to repair their products that could be out of order. / However, he explains that “nowadays“ since most products have been very developed by high-technological systems, / people have considered “not only” the qualities of the products, “but also” the features of the products they wish to get, such as vehicle’s body color or convenient equipment, such as “Air Bag or ABS” when buying a car. / He emphasizes that most people believe that it is more important than any other factor……/

Independent Writing

Type 1:

Nowadays, it has been more important for student to understand ideas and concepts than to learn facts.

(We have to think about this question between “Ideal Result vs Practical Result”)
Type 2:

Government should spend money on the development of outer space exploration. Do you agree or disagree with it? Use specific reasons and details in your essay.

***2008 1월 5일 “미국후기” 스피킹 & 라이팅 후기분석***

***1 번: Describe your favorite day of a year. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Type 1: “Birthday”: It would be very enjoyable to receive not only a lot of gifts from your family members and many of your friends, but also many incoming calls from them for my birthday. /

Type 2: Remember! / You can use this type of brainstorming above as a disappointing event that might be presented by ETS on your iBT Speaking Test. / Let’s say, last year your birthday was on Sunday and even on summer vacation. / That’s why there were only few friends of yours left to celebrate your birthday. / In other words, almost all of your friends were enjoying their own vacation on Sunday. / That’s why you felt very disappointed. / However, you were able to overcome your loneliness thanks to one of your best friends who visited your house to celebrate your birthday. / At that night you went to COEX (that is a complex shopping center very near your hometown). / Eventually, you (guys) were able to enjoy seeing a movie and eating very exotic food, Indian Curry, one of your favorite foods. / Since then, you (guys) have been keeping good relationships with each other……/

Type 3: “Christmas” or “Thanks Giving Day” or “Independence Day”

Introduction:

Type 1: I think of TGD as my favorite day of a year. /

Type 2: I want to talk about TGD as the best day of a year for me. /

Type 3: I would like to explain one of the best days of a year that is TGD. /

Supporting Idea: We usually go back to the original place where we were born to meet many relatives and friends still living over there. /

The First Example: We enjoy making traditional food and eating it all together, while talking about not only common issues such as various world events that have occurred, but also interesting issues related with school works and new school life.

The Second Example: Every single night, we enjoy beautiful fire work in the sky all together. / It’s one of my favorite activities because it is very traditional and exciting to us. /

***2 번:

Type 1: People should be always relaxed and unhurried when they work for their university or company. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Type 2: Some people hurry up finishing their job, while other people never hurry up doing so. Which do you prefer and why?

Type 1: This is a very complicated question. / Everything depends on what types of situations I have. / On one hand, (let’s say), / if I have to finish a very important task (that is) urgent to answer, / for example, to answer “quickly” what kinds of materials I have or how much I have, / absolutely, at this time, / I would rather hurry up doing this as rapidly as I can / because sometimes time is money. // On the other hand, if I have a very significant work (that) I have to deal with, “but” fortunately I have quite enough time, / I would rather finish it more carefully with the sufficient time / in order to make it better and also (to) reduce mistakes I might make doing that…… /

Type 2: Everything depends on how I’m good (or poor) at the specific task I have to finish. / On one hand, if I’m good at the job that I have to deal with, / I would rather try to finish it as rapidly as I can / and if I made some mistakes doing so, I would make them up. / I think in my point of view it would be the best way to handle that kind of job faced with me. // On the other hand, if I’m so poor at the subject that I have to handle, / I would rather try to finish it as slowly as I can, while enjoying learning how to do well. / Even if I cannot make a good result on that job, / however, next time if I have a task like that, / obviously I would deal with the task more quickly……/

Type 3: I totally disagree with this kind of statement because I have a couple of reasons to strengthen my opinion. / If we try to finish our job faced with us, / we’re going to too hurry up and make a lot of mistakes we’ve never thought about. / It is so unsuccessful and disappointing to us. // However, if we try to finish our job with a great caution, / we’ll fewer mistakes on that job. / I’m pretty sure that it would be more successful in terms of being able to make better results……/

***3 번: “Use of University Parking Lots”

Reading Passage:

The University has decided to stop giving freshmen a parking permit. / Recently, we have had much inconvenience to use school facilities especially its parking lots since the number of students unexpectedly increased in 2008. / The main reason for this is that EX 1: there is not good enough space to park for all the students and faculties because of the University Construction and also EX 2: it is very difficult to expand its parking lots due to lack of space and money……/

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, / the male student strongly disagrees with the university policy / because he thinks that the university’s new policy is wrong and “NOT” practical / and he expects that / there would be a better solution for the parking lots for both students and faculties. / He suggests that / the space beside university football stadium should be available for the parking lots they need. / Second of all, he says that / if university makes the area more useful as their parking lots, / the additional money to expand more parking lots will be made / in terms of charging on those who use the parking lots. / That’s why he is “NOT” in favor of the new policy……/

***4번: “Extinction in Psychology”
Reading Passage:

Extinction in psychology means ignoring one’s behavior. / This phenomenon in psychology refers to the lowering of the probability of a learned response. / In Classical Conditioning, this describes the decline of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus repeatedly occurs without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus it had been paired with. / In Operant Conditioning, extinction is the decline of an operant response when it is no longer reinforced in the presence of its discriminative stimulus.

Reference:

1. Conditioned Response: 조건대답(심리학)

2. Conditioned Stimulus: 조건자극(심리학)

3. Unconditioned Stimulus: 무조건자극(심리학)

4. Operant Conditioning: “조작적(자발적) 조건화”: 어떤 반응에 대해 체계적이고 선택적으로 강화를 줌으로써, 그 반응이 다시 일어날 확률을 증가시키는 절차.

5. Classic Conditioning: “고전적 조건화”: 생체가 본래 지니고 있는 반사반응에 선행하여 새로운 자극을 반복 제시함에 따라 생득적인 반사적 반응이 새로운 자극에 의해서만 유발되는 절차.

***만약, 상기 읽기 지문처럼 통합 형 4번이 출제 된다면, 가장 중요하게 인식되어야 할 것은 무엇이겠습니까? ***

Sample Response

In this lecture, / the male lecturer mainly talks about one of the theories / (related with “Psychology”) / in order to explain how to stop misbehavior people keep pursuing repetitively. / (He gives us an example to give us more information regarding this theory in detail, while there’s just definition of this in the reading passage.) / He explains that there is a baby (as an example) who cries for cookies to eat in market with his (or her) mother. / At this kind of situation, most mothers often pick them up and give’em to their baby / in order to make him (or her) just calm down. / However, he emphasizes that it is not a good deal to let the baby stop doing this kind of misbehavior / because the baby could cry for another cookie in market some other time. / That’s why he believes that / if mothers want their babies to stop doing so, they have to ignore whatever their babies do like that. / Furthermore, he is pretty sure that if parents they do like this, gradually babies would ask their parents to give cookies infrequently. / Otherwise, (he anticipates that) they never change babies’ bad habit……/

***5 번:

Problem: In this conversation, / the female student has a serious problem with a lot of stuffs (books) she needs to bring for her class. / Actually, this month she moved into another dorm (that is very far from each of her classrooms). //

Two Possible Solutions: That’s why there’re two possible solutions presented by the other student talking with her. / One is putting those books in her dorm and using some of them when she needs, / but she complains that the round trip from her dorm to her classroom, it takes about sometimes more than 20 minutes. / The other option is sharing some of those books with her classmates, but she also insists that she should use her own books because (she believes) it would be a more effective way to study. //

Which is the better one of the two for her problem and Why? Given the choice between two suggestions, / I would choose the first case for her problem because I believe that it would be the better one of the two. / If she brings her text books from her dorm to classroom as much as she wants, / even if it is sometimes too heave to do, “absolutely,” it would be very beneficial to her / in terms of keeping her books into library after class / in order to catch up with some of her lectures if she needs. / I’m pretty sure that sharing text books won’t be helpful to her anyway……//

***6번: “Business Plan & Executive Summary in Business Class”
In this lecture, / the (male) lecturer mainly talks about one of the theories in business class / in order to explain / why people need these forms, “Business Plan and Executive Summary” when they have a business / and how to distinguish between those documents. // Especially, he gives us his friend’s experience as an example to explain it in detail. / He says that only showing his “B.P.: Business Plan” was not good enough to borrow business money he needed from bank / even if it was basically necessary. / The main reason is that most bankers tend to look over not B.P., but “E.S.: Executive Summary” when being so busy dealing with a lot of works. / So, he says that everything whether it is available to borrow money from bank (or not) “definitely” depends on how attractive the E.S. is. // Additionally, the professor emphasizes that most bankers they usually cool over “E.S.” first / and then conversely they go and examine “B.P.” in detail. /

Independent Writing

It is better to have an intelligent friend than a friend who has a good sense of humor. / Do you agree or disagree with this statement? / Use specific reasons and details in your essay. /

2008년 3월 1 / 2일 스피킹 & 라이팅 후기분석:

“06년 11월 17일-A”과 동일문제출제 & 미국(New)

***1 번:

Type 1: Describe a job that you wish to get and why you want to get “the job”. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Sample Response

I want to get a job (especially) very related with my major, Business Administration / because I can do anything better with my major. / Actually, there would be a lot of advantages on this matter. / In fact, I can do “not only” analyzing unsolved problems based on my major field, Finance, “but also” enjoying meeting various customers who will be willing to make a purchase. / One of the most important reasons why I’m thinking about it is that I’m so good at communicating with people, so I prefer getting a job (that is) something to do with my major to be more successful.……/

***3월 1일 미국/캐나다후기:

Type 2: Describe a musician that you regard as the best one. Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Sample Response

I think of Jang-Hoon Kim as the best singer song writer I’ve known in my life. / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I choose him the best. / In fact, he is not only excellent to compose a song and sing it, but also very generous. / In other words, what I would like to explain is that / almost all of his money (he’s been making as a professional singer song writer) “generously” has been donated to the poor. / Even if he is renting a house (not spacious) even vehicle, / he’s been keeping helping people who never said their mom or daddy without expecting anything special. / That’s why I respect him so much / and I wish to be a person like him in my future……/

***상기 문제의 구조와 표현은 어떤 문제에 쓰일 수 있는가? ***

1. Describe a person that you respect the best.

2. Describe a person that influenced you the best.

How to Use This Word, Generous

1. He is so generous with money to the poor.

그는 가난한 사람들에게 돈을 잘 쓴다.

2. He is very generous to his children.

그는 자식들에 대해 매우 너그럽다.

3. It was generous of her to contribute such a large amount.

그렇게 많은 액수를 기부하다니! 그녀는 인심이 좋은 사람이었다.

4. He is a generous contributor to charity.

그는 자선 단체에 아낌없이 기부하는 사람이다.

5. I left a generous tip for the waitress after eating dinner with my family.

가족과 저녁을 먹은 후, 나는 웨이트리스를 위해 많은 팁을 두고 왔다.

6. I remember him being very generous.

나는 그가 매우 관대하다는 것을 기억한다. / 나는 그를 기억하기를 매우~

7. I remember his being very generous.

나는 그가 매우 관대하다는 것을 기억한다. / 나는 그가 매우 관대했었다고~

8. She is reputed to be very generous.

그녀는 매우 관대하다고 평판이 나 있다.

***2 번:

Type 1: If you have a large amount of money, how would you spend the money between “doing practical activities” and “enjoying only for pleasure?” Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Sample Response

I prefer spending the extra money doing a lot of practical activities (to enjoying only for pleasure). / There would be various valuable activities with the money such as traveling through the United States of America. or taking a course in one of the most dependable universities in America. / In other worlds, I want to take a trip in CA in the U.S.A. in order to experience U.C.L.A. (that) I wish to go to in advance. / Furthermore, after passing the iBT, I would rather take a real course (that) I’m going to major in sooner or later. / Obviously, the extra money will be invested on me very effectively……/

***3월 1일 미국/캐나다후기:

Type 2: Which do you prefer between spending free time with a specific schedule and spending free time without any plan? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

***3 번: “The Use of Health Center” A Letter Written by a Student

Reading Passage:

To: the University President

From: Michael Kim

Subject: To hire more doctors in health center on campus

Dear the President of the University

Hello Mr. President! My name is Michael who has been taking a course in this college since 2007. / Currently, I have found out some inconveniences for the Health Center on campus. / What I really want to say is that we need more treatment rooms available for emergency situations and also a few more doctors who can work during weekends as soon as possible. / As you may know it has been very inconvenient in terms of a lot of students having some severe health problems so far. /

Sincerely, yours

Michael Kim

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, the male student strongly disagrees with the suggestion concerning the use of Health Center on campus. / He thinks that the student’s idea is too ideal and not practical in many ways. / He says that since the Health Center is not spacious enough, “we can’t make as many treatment rooms for patients as the student demands.” / The other reason is that since most students leave the town for their activities during weekends, we don’t need to have more doctors working on weekends also (because we usually have a few patients on campus). / So, he is not in favor of the advice from the student……

***3월 1일 미국/캐나다후기:

“The Use of Computer in Class” A Letter Written by a Student

Reading Passage:

To: the University President

From: Bret Pete

Subject: the Use of Lap-Top Computer Using in Class

Dear the President of the University

How are you Mr. President? / This is Bret Pete who is now taking a course, Mathematics, in this college. / I have been satisfied with everything that you have provided us with so far, but the use of computer in class. / In fact, we do not need to jot down what the teachers say in detail regarding their lectures because we can use our own lap top computer in our class. / I believe that it helps us type anything important in class. / Also, it is very valuable to every student in terms of using the Internet for various pictures that professors possibly display in class……/

Sincerely, yours

Bret Pete

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, the male student strongly disagrees with the letter regarding the use of computer in class. / He thinks that the student’s idea is too ideal and not practical in many ways. / He says that since most students might play computer games or send an e-mail with their computers in class, / they couldn’t concentrate on their class. / The other reason is that if students are allowed to use their computers in class, / they will search for the Internet in other purposes such as finding some information nothing to do with their class / and eventually, they will miss very important points presented by their teachers. / So, it would be very hard for professors to teach their subjects. / That’s why he is not in favor of the student’s opinion anyway……

***4 번: “Social Loafing in Psychology”

Reading Passage:

People work differently. / It relies on their social groups. / The study of social loafing is concerned with the difference depending on how they think over them. / In the social psychology of groups, social loafing is the phenomenon that persons make less effort to achieve a goal, while working in a group than when they work as individuals. / For example, this is one of the main reasons that people in groups “sometimes” tend to accomplish less successful outcome than does the combined performance of their group members working alone. /

Lecture & Sample Response

In this lecture, the female lecturer mainly talks about kind of theory in psychology /  in order to explain why the group working individually could attain better outcome than the group working together (achieved) when peeling potatoes. / “In fact,” she gives us two groups for this experiment as an example for that. / One is a group who worked in a group all together for the potatoes. / The other group is people who worked individually (for the potatoes). / As a result of this experiment, since people working together in a group thought of this task for the potatoes as less important one, the second group working as individuals achieved more peeled potatoes than did the first group working together. / “Finally,” she strongly emphasizes that since there was nothing motivated on that job for the potatoes, no one working in a group cared about their goal seriously. / That’s why (she says) the second group accomplished better result in terms of making more peeled potatoes than the first group……/

The main idea from the lecture

The main explanation for social loafing is that people feel unmotivated when working in a group, because they think that their contributions will not be eval‎uated. According to the results of a meta-analysis study (Karau & Williams, 1993), social loafing is a pervasive phenomenon, but it does not occur when the group members feel that the task or the group itself is important.

The answer to social loafing is motivation. A competitive environment may not necessarily get group members motivated. For Rothwell, it takes "the three C's of motivation" to get a group moving: collaboration, content, and choice.

Collaboration is a way to get everyone involved in the group by assigning each member special, meaningful tasks. (CSCW, 2000) It is a way for the group members to share the knowledge and the tasks to be fulfilled unfailingly. For example, if Sally and Raúl were loafing because they were not given specific tasks, then giving Sally the note taker duty and Raúl the brainstorming duty will make them feel essential to the group. Sally and Raúl will be less likely to want to let the group down, because they have specific obligations to complete.

Content identifies the importance of the individuals' specific tasks within the group. If group members see their role as that involved in completing a worthy task, then they are more likely to fulfill it. For example, Raúl may enjoy brainstorming, as he knows that he will bring a lot to the group if he fulfills this obligation. He feels that his obligation will be valued by the group.

Choice gives the group members the opportunity to choose the task they want to fulfill. Assigning roles in a group causes complaints and frustration. Allowing group members the freedom to choose their role makes social loafing less significant, and encourages the members to work together as a team.

***5 번:

Problem:

In this conversation, the male student has a serious problem with one of his lectures, Russian Revolution, because he couldn’t buy the text book for the class.

Two Possible Solutions:

That’s why there’re two possible solutions presented by the other student talking with him. / One is getting it through the Internet, Speed Delivery(or Rush-Order on the Internet), but he needs to pay more money / even if it takes about at best a couple of days to get that book. / The other option is sharing the book with the female student talking with him, but it would be little bit inconvenient (he guesses) / because sometimes it might be hard to get it back to her on time. /

Which is the better and why?

“답안을 만들어 보자”

Conversation

여자: 하이! 마이클! 요즘 학교생활은 어때? 모든 게 잘되고 있지?

남자: 하이 시실리야! 난 괜찮아! 근데, 사실 난 “러시아 혁명”에 관한 책을 아직 구입하지 못했어! 어떻게 준비해야 할지 모르겠어! 이미 구내서점엔 책이 없더라!

여자: 그래서 어쩔 거야? 빨리 책을 구해야 할 텐데?
남자: 그냥 인터넷 사이트에서 살려고.
여자: 거기서 구입하면, 하루나 이틀이면 책은 도착하겠지만, 아마도 책값이 만만치 않을 거야! 적어도 두 배정도 비쌀 텐데?
남자: 응. 그래도 어쩌겠니?
여자: 그러지 말고 내 것을 같이 볼래?
남자: 같이?
여자: 응. 내가 한 Chapter분량 읽고 나면, 다음은 네가 읽고, 그리고 네가 다 읽고 나면, 나한테 돌려주면, 나는 또 다음 분량 읽고, 뭐 그렇게 하면 되지.
남자: 정말 괜찮을까? 근데 내가 만약 너한테 제시간에 가져다 주지 않으면, 너한테도 불이익이 있을 거 아냐?
여자: 뭐 그렇겠지! 근데 제시간에 돌려만 준다면야 아무 문제 없을 거야......
***3월 1일 미국/캐나다후기

Problem:

In this conversation, the female student has a serious problem with her quiz test because she didn’t recognize what she had regarding it, so she’s not prepared anything for that quiz. /

Two Possible Solutions:

That’s why there’re two possible solutions presented by the male student talking with her. / One is using his note for the test for an hour available, but she says that she needs to help and teach chemistry to one of her classmates who is really counting on her. / The other option is asking her teacher to have another chance to take the quiz, but she says that she doesn’t have a big excuse. / She thinks that her excuse wouldn’t be accepted. /

Which is the better and why?

“답안을 만들어 보자”

***6 번: “Locus of Control”

The main point from the lecture

Rotter (1975) cautioned that internality and externality represent two ends of a continuum, not an either/or typology. / Internals tend to attribute outcomes of events to their own control. / Externals attribute outcomes of events to external circumstances. / For example, college students with a strong internal locus of control may believe that their grades were achieved through their own abilities and efforts, whereas those with a strong external locus of control may believe that their grades are the result of good or bad luck, or to a professor who designs bad tests or grades capriciously; hence, they are less likely to expect that their own efforts will result in success and are therefore less likely to work hard for high grades. / (It should not be thought however, that internality is linked exclusively with attribution to effort and externality with attribution to luck, as Weiner's work (see below) makes clear). / This has obvious implications for differences between internals and externals in terms of their achievement motivation, suggesting that internal locus is linked with higher levels of N-ach. / Due to their locating control outside themselves, externals tend to feel they have less control over their fate. / People with an external locus of control tend to be more stressed and prone to clinical depression (Benassi, Sweeney & Dafour, 1988; cited in Maltby, Day & Macaskill, 2007). /

Lecture & Sample Response

In this lecture, / the female lecturer mainly talks about kind of theory in psychology class in order to explain how people think that when they get some results after working / by providing us with two types of different controls. / In fact, she gives us two different kinds of groups for the experiment as examples. / One is a group (called “Internals”) who tend(s) to attribute outcomes of events to their own control. / The other group is people who tend to attribute outcomes of events to external circumstances. / It is called “Externals” / Actually, she emphasizes that since the internals think that every achievement comes from their own ability or attitude, / they usually “not only” do their best, “but also” improve their skills to do better and control everything they have to do. / For example, if they are interviewed, no matter what, no matter how, they will prepare everything they have to bring / and then if it is successful, they will be very confident and praise themselves /and if not, they will feel guilty even if it is not their fault. / On the other hand, since the externals usually attribute other circumstances, they less do their best and even do not prepare anything important / and if they fail, they believe that everything comes from the bad interviewers, but their fault, / so they never feel guilty. / However, if they pass, they would think that they get a lot of luck for that……/

***3월 1일 미국/캐나다후기: “Economics”

The Main Point

If the price of the products is high, the demand will be low. However, if the price of the products is low, the demand will be high, for examples, drink cans, but there are some products, such as computers against this theory.

The main point from the lecture

The Definition of Supply and Demand

In economics, supply and demand describe market relations between prospective sellers and buyers of a good. The supply and demand model determines price and quantity sold in the market. The model is fundamental in microeconomic analysis of buyers and sellers and of their interactions in a market. It is also used as a point of departure for other economic models and theories. The model predicts that in a competitive market, price will function to equalize the quantity demanded by consumers and the quantity supplied by producers, resulting in an economic equilibrium of price and quantity. The model incorporates other factors changing such equilibrium as reflected in a shift of demand or supply.

Fundamental Theory of This Topic

Strictly considered, the model applies to a type of market called perfect competition in which no single buyer or seller has much effect on prices, and prices are known. The quantity of a product supplied by the producer and the quantity demanded by the consumer are dependent on the market price of the product. The law of supply states that quantity supplied is related to price. It is often depicted as directly proportional to price: the higher the price of the product, the more the producer will supply, ceteris paribus. The law of demand is normally depicted as an inverse relation of quantity demanded and price: the higher the price of the product, the less the consumer will demand, cet. par. "Cet. par." is added to isolate the effect of price. Everything else that could affect supply or demand except price is held constant. The respective relations are called the 'supply curve' and 'demand curve', or 'supply' and 'demand' for short.

The laws of supply and demand state that the equilibrium market price and quantity of a commodity is at the intersection of consumer demand and producer supply. Here, quantity supplied equals quantity demanded (as in the enlargeable Figure), that is, equilibrium. Equilibrium implies that price and quantity will remain there if it begins there. If the price for a good is below equilibrium, consumers demand more of the good than producers are prepared to supply. This defines a shortage of the good. A shortage results in the price being bid up. Producers will increase the price until it reaches equilibrium. If the price for a good is above equilibrium, there is a surplus of the good. Producers are motivated to eliminate the surplus by lowering the price. The price falls until it reaches equilibrium. /

Independent Writing

Type 1: Some people prefer to travel in group led by a travel guide; nevertheless, other people prefer to travel alone without any guide. Which do you prefer and why. Use specific reasons and details in your essay.
Type 2: Traveling in a group with a guide is the best way. Do you agree or disagree with this statement and why? Use specific reasons and details in your essay.

***3월 1일 미국/캐나다후기

In order to solve the present problems or the future ones, do you think it is necessary to understand the past problems? Use specific reasons and details in your essay.

[HICHOI]

감사합니다.

[한나]

감사합니다^^ 오늘 너무 당황했어요ㅠㅠ 열심히 실력을 쌓아야 겠어요....

[한블리]

감사합니다ㅜㅜ 낼 시험이에요ㅜㅜ 화이팅

[인썹~]

잘잘잘 잘 보겠습니다 ^_^!! 시험과. 자료!!ㅋㅋㅋ 이번엔 아쉬움이 없게~ㅋㅋㅋㅋ

[김정현]

감사합니다.^^

[미남-ToL]

감사합니다...^^*

[한호진]

상철쌤 감사해요! 첫셤인데 화이팅 하겠습니다. 배운 것 당황하지 않고 최대한 말하려고 노력할 거예요!+

[펄스데이]

열심히 최선을 다해 보고 올께용^.^

[soojyang]

드디어 첫시험인데...ㅠ 좋은자료 감사해요!! 머리에 든거 다 쏟아내고 오겠습니당!!^^ 다들 시험 잘봐여~ㅎ

[spring]

너무 훌륭한 자료 감사드립니다.!!!

[박진아]

완전 감사해요 ㅠㅠ

[NightMare]

감사합니다.^^

[신지현]

감사합니당 ~ 김상철쌤*^^*