p.368 - 369 [대명사 it]
* 대명사 it의 일반용법: 대명사 it은 앞에 나온 사물, 구, 절 또는 문장을 대신 받는다. |
ex1) |
A: Is this your computer? |
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B: Yes, it's mine. (명사) | |
ex2) He tried to swim across the river, but it was impossible. (구) |
ex3) They say (that) you did your best, but I don't believe it. (절) |
ex4) He was innocent, but he couldn't prove it. (문장) |
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* 대명사 it의 특별용법(비인칭 주어) |
: 날씨, 명암, 시간, 요일, 거리, 상황 등을 나타낼 때 사용 (이 때의 it은 해석하지 않는다) |
ex1) It is windy today. (날씨) |
ex2) It's getting brighter. (명암) |
ex3) It's just 10 o'clock. (시간) |
ex4) It is Sunday today. (요일) |
ex5) It is about 10 miles away from here. (거리) |
ex6) It's all over. (상황) |
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p.371 - 374 [지시대명사] |
1) |
단수 |
this |
that |
+ 단수명사 |
|
복수 |
these |
those |
+ 복수명사 |
|
ex1) This is a book.
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ex2) I like those.
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ex3) This book is mine.
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ex4) I like those shoes.
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※ 명사의 반복을 피하기 위해 that(those)을 대신 쓸 때 |
ex1) My feelings were those of a little girl. (feelings를 대신) |
ex2) She was very tender-hearted, and her eyes were as gentle as those of her mother. (eyes를 대신) |
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2) such: (형용사/대명사로서) 앞서 한 말을 받아 '그러한 것/사람'을 의미 |
ex1) I have never seen such a beautiful woman before. (지시형용사) |
ex2) This is the coldest winter. We have never had such. (지시대명사) |
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3) so: '그렇게'라는 뜻의 부사이지만, 동사의 목적어나 보어로 대명사처럼 쓰임 |
ex1) He told me to wait here, and I did so. (목적어) |
ex2) Your sister is very cute. |
- So she is. (= Yes, she is very cute.) (보어) |
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3) same: |
'같은'이라는 의미의 형용사로 뒤에 나오는 명사를 수식하지만, |
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'같은 사람/사물'을 의미하는 대명사로도 쓰임 (주로 정관사 the와 함께 쓰임) | |
ex) She treated me badly. I will do the same some day. |
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p.375 - 380 [부정대명사] |
* 부정대명사: 막연한 사람이나 사물 또는 수량을 나타낼 때 (부정형용사로도 쓰임) |
* 부정대명사의 종류 |
① 부정대명사와 형용사로 쓰이는 경우: all, another, any, both, each, either, neither, some |
② 부정대명사로만 쓰이는 경우: one, none |
③ 형용사로만 쓰이는 경우: every, no |
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1) each, every, both, all |
|
명사의 수 |
의미 |
each |
단수명사 |
각자, 제각기 |
every |
단수명사 |
(어느 것이나) 모두 |
both |
복수명사 |
(양쪽) 모두 |
all |
'수'는 복수 '양'은 단수 |
모두, 전체, 전부 |
|
ex1) I have two watches, and each one is very expensive. |
ex2) Every dog has his day. (쥐구멍에도 볕들 날이 있다.) |
ex3) Both of my parents are still alive in North Korea. |
ex4) She has two dogs. Both are poodles. |
ex5) All of the stock was damaged by the fire. (화재가 나서 재고품이 모두 파손되었다.) |
ex6) All of us are healthy. |
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2) some과 any |
|
some |
any |
쓰임 |
① 긍정문에서 ② 부탁 및 권유할 때 (의문문) ③ 긍정적 응답을 기대할 때 ④ 단수형 가산명사 앞에서 |
① 의문문, 부정문, 조건절에서 ② 긍정문에서는 '어느 것이나'라고 표현할 때 |
공통점 |
① 막연한 수량을 나타낼 때 사람이나 사물에 모두 쓴다. ② 대명사나 형용사로도 쓰인다. ③ 단수, 복수에 모두 쓰인다. |
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ex1) |
A: Do you have any friends in Canada? (의문문) |
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B: Yes, I have some (friends in Canada). (긍정문) |
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No, I don't have any (friends in Canada). (부정문) | |
ex2) Would you lend me some money if you have any? (부탁, 조건절) |
ex3) Won't you have some more cookies? (권유) |
ex4) |
A: If you have some water, please give me some. (긍정적 응답을 예상) |
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B: Yes, I will. | |
ex5) If there is any left, give me some. (조건절) |
ex6) You may ask any questions if you have. (긍정문) |
ex7) Some woman left this handbag. (가산명사 단수 앞에서) |
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3) other와 another |
① some: 어떤 (사람, 것) / others: 다른 (사람, 것) <불특정> |
ex) Some like the sea; others (like) the mountains. |
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② |
some: (정해진 수에서) 몇 (명, 개) / the others: 그 나머지 <특정> |
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one: 하나 / another: 다른 하나 <불특정> | |
ex1) Will you have another cup of tea? |
cf. Please stretch your other hand. |
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ex2) I don't like this color. |
Show me another. |
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Show me the others. |
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Show me other. (×) | |
③ <셋 중에서> one(하나), another(다른 하나), the other(나머지 하나) |
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4) either와 neither |
① either: |
(긍정문) '둘 중 어느 것이나 ~이다' |
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(부정문) '둘 다 ~아니다' | |
ex1) Either of these sweaters is good for you. |
ex2) I don't like either.
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② neither: (부정문) '둘 중 어느 것도 ~아니다' |
ex) I like neither of those photos. |
③ neither A nor B / either A or B |
ex) I don't have either money or time. |
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5) one, no one, none |
ex1) I have lost my camera; I have to buy one. (※ one: 'a + 명사' 를 대신 받는 말) |
ex2) |
I bought a pen. |
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I liked the pen. |
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I lost it. |
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I'll buy |
a new pen. |
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a new one. |
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one. | |
ex3) One should love one's[his] neighbor. (사람은 자기 이웃을 사랑해야 한다.) |
ex4) She has a lot of precious stones and keeps the expensive ones in a safe. |
ex5) No one knows the mystery of the universe. |
ex6) She has a stereo, but I have none. |
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p.381 [복합 부정대명사] |
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|
사람 |
사물 |
장소(부사) |
긍정문 |
someone/somebody |
something |
somewhere |
의문문 |
anyone/anybody |
anything |
anywhere |
부정문 |
no one/nobody |
nothing |
|
|
ex1) Somebody is coming here. |
ex2) There is something noble about her. |
ex3) I don't want to meet anybody now. |
ex4) Is there anything wrong with your car? |
ex5) She said everything was going well. |
ex6) Everybody's business is nobody's business. |
ex7) You can't have everything. |
ex8) Nobody knows your secret. |
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※ 알아두기 |
불특정 |
|
특정 |
all |
명사 |
all |
of |
the 소유격 지시형용사
|
명사 |
most |
most |
some |
some |
any |
any |
no |
no |
both |
both |
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