추카추카 오늘셤(2010년 12월 4일)이 아래 자료중 2008년 11월 1일과 완전 똑같이 출제되었습니다!!!짝짝짝/2010년 1월 스피킹 정기 특강자료

[디오리지날뉴아자speaKing쌤]

2008년 11월 1일 Speaking & Writing (2007년 6월 3일과 동일출제 / 미국New)

***1 번: What kinds of clothes do you usually wear and why? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Sample Response 1

Introduction

I want to talk about blue jeans as my favorite clothes. / Actually, I have several reasons why I usually wear the pair of blue jeans.

우선, 답변의 시작은 자세한 내용을 설명하기 보다는, 질문을 Paraphrasing함으로써 Simple하지만, 강력한 방향이 제시 되어야 한다.

Body 1

During weekdays, I often wear blue jeans, especially a faded one, with various types of colorful T-shirts and very comfortable sneakers. / What I would like to explain is that sometimes I have to sit on the chair more than 5 hours or lie on the floor (carpet) to look for some materials related to my school assignment in the library. / In this situation, I’m pretty sure that wearing a pair of blue jeans makes me not frustrated but very comfortable. /

일단, 어떤 안건이든 한번 거론이 되면, 반드시 자세하게 전개해야 한다. 또한, 적절한 예를 들면, 여러분의 답변을 듣는 Raters은 더욱 이해하기 쉬울 것이다.

Body 2

Additionally, also its price is very reasonable for college students. / Likewise, it lasts more than at least 5 years. That’s why I love not only its comfortableness but also its good quality. / In fact, I’ve been fascinated by this gorgeous clothes since I was a middle school student.

절대 명심해야 할 사항은 주어진 시간이 약 5-10초 남았을 때, 서두르거나 말을 빨리 하면 안 된다는 것이다. 왜냐면, EST는 여러분의 잘 정리된 모범 답안을 원한다기 보다는 여러분이 얼마나 주제에 맞게 논리적으로 설명하고 있는가를 보려는 것이고, Even 여러분이 끝을 맺지 못했다 하더라도, So far 여러분의 답변이 잘 진행하고 있다면 ETS는 생각하기를 “아하 이 응시생은 시간이 더 주어지면 더 잘하겠군” 하고 평가하게 될 것입니다.

Sample Response 2

Introduction

This is kind of complicated question. / I guess everything depends on what kinds of situations I have. /

Body 1

First of all, during weekdays, as a college student, I usually wear blue jeans with various colorful T-shirts and sneakers. / It is very comfortable and casual. / On the other hand, every Sunday (I mean) when I go to church, I have to wear a suit all the time. / It is mandatory in my town. / Even if it is not my style, I have to follow my parents’ suggestion.

Body 2

Also, whenever I attend a special ceremony or concert, / I should follow the designated dress code. / It makes me sometimes (a little bit) frustrated, but I think it is a very good idea. / Actually, I’ve been more used to wearing a bunch of clothes since I studied in college. /

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***2 번 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that young people are more informed on the world events these days, compared to the same age in which their parents were? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Tip 1: Newspaper & Magazine & Radio & T.V. & Car & Travel & Computer & Internet

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***3 번

Reading Passage:

Ben Fisher 라는 “학생?”이 학교신문에 쓰레기를 캠퍼스에 버리는 사람들에게 $15 의 Fine 을 주자고 편지를 보냅니다. / 이유는, 학교가 쓰레기 처리장처럼 더럽다고 투덜대고, 또한 이러한 벌금으로 학교는 다른 시설물을 관리할 수 있다고 제안합니다.

Conversation:

남학생과 여학생이 얘기하는데, 남학생은 “It’s too extreme” 하다고 하는 반면, / 여학생은 자신의 예를 들면서 자세하게 설명하기를, / 자기 마을에서도 이런 일이 있었는데, 매우 효과가 좋았다고 합니다. /

첫 번째 이유는, 일단 발각이 되면, 돈을 내야하고, / 그러기 싫기 때문에 사람들이 쓰레기를 함부로 버리지 않게 되었다고 설명합니다. /

두 번째는, 쓰레기를 버린 것 때문에 경찰에게 티켓을 받는 것은 너무 당황스럽다고 합니다. / 게다가, 이런 종류의 Fine으로도 학교는 돈을 벌 수 있을 뿐 더러, / 만약에 사람들이 쓰레기를 안 버리면, 청소부를 덜 고용할 수 있고, / 결과적으로, 캠퍼스 청소비용이 절감 되므로 꽤 큰 돈을 Saving 할 수 있다고 합니다. /

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***4번 “Assimilation & Accommodation”
Reading Passage: Assimilation & Accommodation

아이들이 자라나면서 새로운 물체를 보게 되면, / 크게 두 가지 행동을 보이는데, / 첫 번째는, Assimilation 이라고 합니다. / 이것은 이미 자신의 머릿속에 있는 Category 에 새로운 물체를 분류하는 것이라고 합니다. // 그리고 두 번째는, Accommodation 이라고 합니다. / 만약, 새로운 물체가 아이들의 그 어떤 Category 에도 맞지 않는다면, / 아이들은 그들이 갖고 있는 특정한 Category의 정의를 이용해서 그것의 범위를 확장시키는데 이것을 Accommodation 이라고 합니다. /
Lecture: 교수의 딸 Jamie 가 몇 년 전에 항상 집에 있는 큰 창문 밖을 내다본다고 합니다. / 이것은 Bird Feeder(새의 여물통)을 매일 보기 위해서 라고 합니다. / 그러면서 그곳으로 날라와서 먹이를 먹는 동물들을 보고 “Bird” 라고 부릅니다. / 이것이 Assimilation의 좋은 예라고 할 수 있다고 합니다. / 아이는 새의 범위(Category)를 작고, 털(Feathers)이 있고, 날아 다니는 동물로 생각하게 된다고 합니다. // 그러던 몇 달 후, 아이와 교수가 동물원에 가서 타조(Ostrich)를 보는데, / 아이는 고민을 하다가 교수에게 Bird 인가를 묻고, / 이에 교수는 맞는다고 합니다. / 그때 일어난 것이 Accommodation 이라고 합니다. / 아이는 새의 범위(Category)를 사이즈에 상관없이 털이 있고 날거나 날지 못하거나 날개가 있는 생물 이라고 범위를 넓혔다고 합니다. //
Question: 아이의 언어 습득에 관한 두 가지 예를 들고 설명하라.

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***5 번 “A Story of Parking Permit”
남학생이 교실과 반대로 향해 가는 여학생을 붙잡고 얘기 합니다. / 여학생은 Parking Lots으로 가고 있는 이유는 설명하기를, / 자기 차는 카센터에 있고, / 오늘은 엄마 차를 빌려서 와서 세워뒀는데, / 생각해보니까 엄마 차에는 “Parking Permit” 이 없다고 합니다. // 첫 번째 제안으로는, Parking Enforcement Vehicle에게 발각 되기 전에, 다른 곳에 세우라고 합니다, / 그러나 여학생은 곧 수업이 시작하는 데다가, 곧 시험이 치러질 거라고 걱정합니다. // 그래서 남학생은 두 번째 제안을 주기를, / 일단 수업을 듣고, 또한 시험을 보고 차를 옮기라고 합니다. / 왜냐면, 수업은 1시간뿐이고 어쩌면 Officer 가 Notice 못할 수도 있다고 설명합니다. / 하지만, 여학생은 만약 Parking Violation Ticket을 발부 받으면, 지불할 돈이 없다고 불평합니다. /

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***6번 “Ancient Regular Flood”
교수가 설명하기를 고대 문명시대(Ancient Civilization Era)는 강을 끼고 살았는데 매년 홍수가 일어났다고 합니다. / 하지만, 고대 농사꾼들에게는 이 홍수가 이점이 있었다고 설명합니다. / 첫 번째 이점은 물이 Land 을 덮으면서 강 밑에 있던 Silt 라는 좋은 토양을 가지고 올라와 땅을 Silt로 덮어놓고, 물이 빠진다고 합니다. / 그래서 농사짓기 좋은 토양이 생긴다고 합니다. // 두 번째는 Dirt Wall 같은 것을 만들어서 물길을 조절한다고 합니다. / 그래서, 강에서 멀리 떨어진 농장들은 물이 필요한 강가에서 이러한 정기적인 홍수를 이용하여 물을 대고 농업을 할 수 있었다고 합니다.
Question: 고대 홍수의 두 가지 이점을 설명하세요.

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***2008년 6월 7일 스피킹&라이팅 후기분석: 미국과 동일출제***

***1 번: Describe an event that you could not accomplish for yourself, but you were able to do thanks to one of your friends or family members. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Tip 1: A place that you like to go to often / a person who influenced you the most / an activity that you want to do when having a free time / An event that you couldn’t handle, but overcame / a decision that you’ve made the best in your life /

Sample Response

Introduction:

I think of going to COEX as my science field trip, / as one of my disappointing events that I couldn’t achieve for myself, but “eventually” I was able to accomplish when I was in high school. /

“Test-Taker는 기본적으로 문제를 잘 읽어야 합니다. / 또한, 읽었던 문제를Paraphrasing 해야 합니다. / 이때 주의해야 할 점은, Introduction이 너무 길어지지 않도록, “시험을 치르기 전에 미리 유사한 질문에 답하는 연습”을 많이 해야 합니다”

Supporting Idea & Specific Examples:

At that time, / “unfortunately” my daddy was bankrupt, / so I couldn’t afford to pay any money for my science field trip. // However, / thanks to a friend of mine who gave me a wonderful generosity, / I was able to join the field trip without having any problem. // What I would like to explain is (that) he paid “every fee” (that/which) I had to pay for the field trip instead of me, / which made me enjoy a variety of rare sea animals in aquarium in COEX. // It was fantastic, and I got so impressed. // Actually, it helped me choose my major a couple of months later when taking a big test like SAT to go to college. // Since then, I’ve been very fascinated by a lot of marine animals related with my major field. // Frankly speaking, if it had not been for his mercy, / I couldn’t have enjoyed those beautiful sea animals in COEX / and also I couldn’t take the class related with biology as my major in my college “now”. //

“본문의 내용은 철저하게 주제를 발전시켜야 합니다. 이렇게 주제를 발전시키는 가장 최고의 방법은 구체적인 예시를 보여주는 것(Topic Development에 효과적)입니다. / 상기 샘플답안은 45초 동안 발표할 내용보다 다소 길지만, “가정법 과거완료와 혼합가정을 통한 강조용법(Language Use에 효과적)” 등 여러 가지 유용한 표현이 있으므로, 필히 숙지합시다. / 또한, 상기 샘플답안을 완전 숙지하고 억양을 고려하면서 끊어 읽고, 부단히 연습한다면, 반드시 여러분의 발음도 좋아지게 될 겁니다. (Delivery에 효과적)”

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***2 번: Learning 2^nd language is beneficial to children. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Tip 1: If they learn foreign language, they can learn that more easily and quickly than when they grow up and also get better information (when they grow up) by reading a lot of books written by not only their first tongue, but also second tongue. /

Tip 2: Everything depends on how old they are. / (Under 12 & Between 12 and 18)

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Sample Response 1

This is (a) kind of complicated question. / Everything depends on what types of subject they’ll study in college in the future. / On one hand, / if they have a plan to major in foreign culture or business, / learning 2^nd language would be very beneficial to them / in terms of being able to read more references for their term papers and also (being able to) deal with foreign stocks or bonds for their future company. // On the other hand, / if they have a plan to study their own culture or language, / they’d better take more time to study their own language instead of learning 2^nd language / in terms of being able to understand their own culture in detail, / because they might be distracted doing so by learning 2^nd language.

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Sample Response 2

This is (a) kind of complicated question. / Everything depends on how old children are. / On one hand, / if children, they’re under 12 years old, / (no matter what, (and) no matter how) / learning 2^nd language could be beneficial to them / in terms of getting any second language as their first tongue with ease. / (Actually, many language psychologists insist on this aspect.) // On the other hand, / if children, they’re over 12 years old, / learning 2^nd language should be not “mandatory” but “optional” in school / because every child doesn’t have an excellent linguistic ability to adjust (themselves) to different languages. / Unless (doing so), / children, they might “even” lose a precious chance to improve their own language / due to too much stress caused by studying foreign language. //

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Sample Response 3

I (strongly) agree with the statement / (that) learning any foreign language makes children have a lot of benefits. // If they learn any foreign language at an early age, / they can not only learn it easily as much as they can speak like their first tongue, / but also have a variety of advantage(s) after learning it. // For example, they can read various books written in a certain foreign language (that/which) they learned, / which makes them understand much deeper knowledge related with their interest in their life. // Furthermore, the linguistic ability to speak and write in foreign languages would be very dependable and reliable / when taking a class in different countries. // That’s why I’m in favor of this kind of idea. //

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Sample Response 4

I’m not in favor of the statement (that) learning second language (in school) is always beneficial to children / because in my point of view, / learning first language “more intensively” is more important for younger students. / Actually, if they’re not good at their first tongue, / they cannot understand anything well in school / in that most of their knowledge by taking a class in school can be influenced by their first language. / So, everything (whether learning second language is good or bad) depends on how well children can deal with their first tongue. //

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Sample Response 5

I agree with the statement (that) learning 2^nd language is very crucial to children, especially under 12 years old. / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I’m in favor of it. / If they learn it at an early age, they’re going to learn it more easily and quickly than when they grow up and then apply that ability into reading more books. / I believe that it would be very reliable and dependable to children in terms of getting more information and creating better imagination by reading many of the books they have especially written in a certain foreign language (that) they learned already. / That’s why that should be necessary to children. //

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Sample Response 6

I don’t agree with the statement (that) learning 2^nd language is always crucial to children, particularly under 12 years old. / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I’m not in favor of it. / If they spend too much time learning foreign language instead of their first tongue, they might lose their first language and then their identity sooner or later. / I guess in my point of view it would be the most serious problem that will be faced with them in their future. / That’s why learning foreign language at an early age should be not necessary, but optional to children. //

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Sample Response 7

I agree with the statement that learning a foreign language at an early age is good to students. / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I’m thinking about it. / If they learn and improve it as much as they can, that language skill will be working on their future job or tasks when they grow up. / From my personal, I’d never had a chance to take that kind of class until 15 years old. / What I would like to explain is that now I’m taking a class, Economics as my major, in college, but I still rely upon most of my text books written in not English, but Korean because of the lack of language ability. / If I took a class related with English as my foreign language when I was a little boy, I wouldn’t have any problem with my major. //

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Sample Response 8: Sample Response 7과 반대 구도로 만들어 보자!

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***3 번: “The display of students’ artistic works in lobby”

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, the female student strongly disagrees with the statement given by the University. / It says that the University has a plan to display students’ artistic works in student center. / (However, she thinks that / it is not practical and too ideal / in terms of several negative effects.) / She says that the idea from the article (that) there is not only so quiet, but also not crowded is wrong information. / Conversely, she emphasizes that there’re always too many people around the entrance of the student center, / so if university displays students’ artistic works there, / it would be so hard (for people) to appreciate those artistic works well due to being so crowded. / Besides, what is worse, / natural light is not good enough / because it is very changeable according to outside weather. / In other words, the natural light coming from outside is often too much or (too) less. / So, she expresses that using electric-light bulbs is much better than having natural light / in terms of being able to keep the light regularly for the artistic works. /

***상기 샘플답안을 통해서, 읽기 지문을 추측해보자***

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***4 번: “Marketing”

In this lecture, / the lecturer mainly talks about “XX Marketing Strategy” / in order to explain how that strategy affects consumers / by giving us not only his own experience, but also his daughter's reaction as examples. (항상 명심해야 할 사항은, 서론은 너무 길거나 장황하면 안 된다는 사실입니다. / 그러나, 시험날에 필요한 정보를 많이 Note-Taking못했을 땐, 이러한 서론의 연습은 60초의 시간을 소비하는데 요긴하게 사용될 것입니다) // (First of all, in the first case of the examples presented by the lecturer.) / (He says that) after seeing a very important child program, / (and then) he went to toy store to buy some toys very related with the program for his daughter / because he was so fascinated by the image from the program. / Furthermore, (he emphasizes that) his daughter had also similar impact or emotion like he had / when giving those toys to his daughter. / (과연 어떤 내용이 더 자세하게 언급되었을까요? / 후기자료를 접하는 모든 토플러들은 시험날 흘러나오는 정보를 상기 내용과 업데이트해서 말해야 함을 명심합시다!)

***어떤 내용이 읽기 지문과 듣기지문에서 자세히 설명되었는가를 추측해보자***

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***5 번:   

Sample Response

Describe the problem! In this conversation, the female student has a serious problem with (her) doing homework / because her house electricity is burn out, / so she can’t stay at home to finish her home assignment. //

Describe two possible solutions and which one is the better one of the two!

That’s why there’re two possible solutions presented by the other person talking with her. /

One is asking her teacher to delay the due date, but she is “so” worried about both her professor who is very strict and the fact (that) it is not a good excuse for her problem. / The other option is doing her homework in library, but she is “also” worried about the fact (that) outside is “now” raining. / That’s why going to library is so difficult (she says). // Given the choice between two possible suggestions, / I would choose the second case / because I believe that it is the better one of the two for her problem. / Even though it’s raining outside, / if she carefully drives to go to library, she will be able to finish her home assignment completely / and then after doing so, she is going to be very satisfied with the choice. //

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***6 번: “Psychology”

In this lecture, / the lecturer mainly talks about “Children’s Emotion” / in order to explain / how children feel with other children whenever they have different situations /and how they give emotion, kind of pity, to each other / by giving us two reasonable experiments. // In the first case of the experiments, / when a child started crying, / other children (seeing this) followed that crying like the child crying / because the cry was very annoying to other children. / That’s why they followed that behavior instinctively (or unconsciously). // On the other hand, the result in the second experiment is very different from that of the first experiment. / He says that in the second experiment, / even though there was a child who was crying, / however, other children didn’t follow to cry like the child crying. / Actually, he emphasizes that / even though other children felt kind of pity while a child was crying, / they never followed it anymore. / That means (that) children express in two different ways to give emotion each other. /

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2008년 3월 8일 스피킹 & 라이팅 후기분석(북미후기와 동일하게 출제)

***1 번: Describe a memorable place where you visited when you were a child. Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Tip 1: Think about “COEX” in order to make a sample response!

Tip 2: Pusan Film Festival!

Tip 3: India or Vietnam as my field trip or voluntary work!

Tip 4: Think about the fact why children feel so satisfied with new things they have and keep them long time!

Sample Response

I think of “COEX (that is kind of complex shopping center)” as the most memorable place I visited / when I was a little boy (or a girl). / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I choose the place as the best. / About 10 years ago, when I was 10 years old, / I went there as my field trip. / It was fantastic in terms of “not only” seeing a movie in Movie Theater at the top of the building, “but also” enjoying a variety of rare sea animals in Aquarium, such as Sea-Horse I’d never seen before directly (frankly speaking, it was my “first” experience to enjoy that). / In fact, since then, I’ve been more fascinated by marine animals. / Now I’m majoring in biology in my college thanks to that. / That’s why “the place, COEX,” is the most impressive place in my life. /

***”Each of the Full Sentences”을 생각하면서, 상기 샘플 답안을 “45초” 내에 외우고, 발표해보자***

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***2 번:

Type 1: Which do you prefer studying science and math or art and literature? Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Type 2: Science and math are more important than art and literature. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Sample Response 1

I think of “Science and Math” as more important subjects than any other one. / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I’m thinking about it. / In fact, even though “Art and Literature” are significant subjects / in terms of enjoying more colorful life, / (however,) we have to regard developing “Science and Math” as the best way to improve this modern society / in terms of giving us high-technological inventions such as “Computer or Public Transportation Systems.” / If there is no one who tries to make more convenient society for human-beings with “Science and Math,” / we “never” expect to send an-email or (to) go to anywhere with ease. / In other words, we’ll be able to do anything (that) we need with convenience thanks to (the) development of science and math.

***상기 샘플답안은 다소 적정량 보다 길지만, 구조를 생각하면서 연습해 볼만한 내용입니다. 그러므로, 45초에 전체내용을 “Briefly” 발표할 수 있도록, 도전해보세요***

Sample Response 2

I think of “Art and Literature” as more important subjects than any other one. / Actually, I have a couple of reasons why I’m thinking about it. / Frankly speaking, even though “Science and Math” are significant subjects for human-beings / in terms of developing more convenient society, / nevertheless, we have to regard enjoying “Art and Literature” as the best way to relieve/release/reduce/cut down on/remove/get rid of stress from this hectic society we’re living in. / If there is no way to do so, / even if this modern society is rapidly improved with “Science and Math,” we won’t make ourselves more satisfied / in terms of not being able to enjoy various genres with beautiful art and literature. /

***상기 샘플답안은 다소 적정량 보다 길지만, 구조를 생각하면서 연습해 볼만한 내용입니다. 그러므로, 45초에 전체내용을 “Briefly” 발표할 수 있도록, 도전해보세요***

Sample Response 3

This is (a) kind of complicated question. / Everything depends on what types of benefits (or advantages) we’re looking for. / Let’s say, (on one hand,) if we want to develop more convenient society, for example, making better inventions, Subway or Computer, / we’d better think of “Science and Math” as more important subjects than any other one. / On the other hand, if we want to enjoy more colorful life with “Musical or Poem-Reading,” / we’re supposed to regard “Art and Literature” as more significant subjects than any other one / in terms of not only creating powerful imagination, but also relieving stress caused by this complex society. /

***상기 각각의 장점을 내세운 두 종류의 답안을 토대로, 양쪽의 장점을 설명하는 것이 더 정확한 답안이라는 것을 이해하면서, 역시 시간 내에 말할 수 있도록 연습하자***

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*** 3 번: “Elimination of Dinning Hall for New Dinning Club”

Reading Passage:

University has decided to eliminate its dinning hall in terms of making a new cafeteria for all students. Over the past few years, we have provided a lot of students with somewhat various foods, but now it is necessary to improve our cafeteria. We need to give a chance to serve to students and faculty as a student chef in this new restaurant even though there will be additional fees for those who want to participate in this event. We also expect that the price of dishes they offer would be very reasonable to those who order any food provided in the new cafeteria. /

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, / the male student agrees with the announcement / that the University has a plan to have a new dinning club instead of its dinning hall. / He says (that) / it would be kind of good opportunity for the students who want to be a chef in the future / because they will be able to cook a variety of food for people. / He explains (that) one of his cousins who got the job and achieved a lot of confidence after the work. // Furthermore, he is in favor of the price of dishes (that) they’ll charge on customers / because the price for the food is more reasonable than that of off campus (even though there’ll be a little bit extra money for the food). / He emphasizes (that) / it would be as fantastic as fancy restaurants provide for people. / That’s why he suggests that the University should do the new project sooner or later for people. //

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***4 번: “Target Marketing”

Reading Passage:

Target Marketing

Target market is the market section to which a particular product is marketed. This term is often defined by ages, genders, and socio-economic groups. According to its purposes, it sometimes can consist of lists that include each ethnicity, age, and gender, which affects the marketing of the products or services for the market segmentation. For example currently, most manufacturing companies tend to more focus on specific audiences in many different ways to get information for their products.

Lecture & Sample Response

Both of the reading and listening passage are “Target Marketing” in business class. / However, in the lecture / the lecturer mainly talks about its example / in order to explain how companies advertise and sell their products in specific ways. / He gives us a cellular phone as an example. // He says (that) / most companies have a specific strategy for their products / in order to encourage customers to get them right away. // In the first case of the examples, / companies want to make more colorful cell-phone for young customers / (who want to spend their time with the cell-phone) / and then advertise it on T.V. at the prime time for teenagers. // On the other hand, / when they have businessmen as their customer, / they “DO” advertise their cell-phone the price of which is reasonable and whose efficiency is excellent / also at the prime time for adults. // He means (that) / the type of cell-phone depends on who are the audiences for that cell-phone. //

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***5 번:

Problem:

In this conversation, / the female student has a serious problem with “her string quartet concert” with other members / because she’s not practiced as a violinist for the concert as one of the members since her left wrist has been sprained since last week. / (Additional Information: she says that even if her wrist is getting better and she is able to join their practice, / however she feels so sorry to the other members because she couldn’t practice with them for two weeks) /

Two Possible Solutions:

That’s why there’re two possible suggestions (presented by the other student talking with her). / One is asking one of her orchestra members, Jim, to participate in the concert instead of her, but she is concerned about his laziness (she says that he is not reliable because he’s been often late to practice / even though he is a pretty good musician in her orchestra / and she explains that there’re three other members except her of that concert). // The other option is doing her job herself in that concert, but she is also worried about the lack of practice for that concert (she says that almost all of the tickets have been already sold out / and she doesn’t want to spoil the concert because of her). /

Which is the better one of the two and Why?

“답안을 만들어 보자!”

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***6 번:

***Reference:

Motivation

Motivation is a word used to refer to the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. These reasons may include basic needs such as food or a desired object, hobbies, goal, state of being, or idea. The motivation for a behavior may also be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism or morality. According to Geen, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behavior. /

Reward and Reinforcement

A reward, tangible or intangible, is presented after the occurrence of an action (i.e. behavior) with the intent to cause the behavior to occur again. This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Studies show that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect would be greater, and decreases as duration lengthens. Repetitive action-reward combination can cause the action to become habit. /

Rewards can also be organized as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic rewards are external to the person; for example, praise or money. Intrinsic rewards are internal to the person; for example, satisfaction or accomplishment. /

Some authors distinguish between two forms of intrinsic motivation: one based on enjoyment, the other on obligation. In this context, obligation refers to motivation based on what an individual thinks ought to be done. For instance, a feeling of responsibility for a mission may lead to helping others beyond what is easily observable, rewarded, or fun. /

A reinforcer is different from reward, in that reinforcement is intended to create a measured increase in the rate of a desirable behavior following the addition of something to the environment. /

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation is when people engage in an activity, such as a hobby, without obvious external incentives.

There are two kinds of motivation:

  Intrinsic motivation occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is significant.

  Extrinsic motivation comes into play when a student is compelled to do something or act a certain way because of factors external to him or her (like money or good grades).

Lecture & Sample Response

In this lecture, / the lecturer mainly talks about two types of motivation in psychology class / in order to explain how people can be motivated to do their work / by giving us two specific situations. // There’re two kinds of motivation presented by the lecturer. / One is “Extrinsic Motivation” and the other (one) is “Intrinsic Motivation.” / In the first case of the examples, Extrinsic Motivation, / he demonstrates (that) / people do their work even though they don’t like it because of reward that they expect to get after the work, / for example, children do household chores / not because of helping their mother, but because of making some pocket money given by their mother. // On the other hand, in the second case of the examples, Intrinsic Motivation, / he explains (that) / since people want to do their work that they’re so interested in, / (like he enjoys marathon when he has free time) / they “seldom” stop doing it even though there is no reward. / However, in the first case of the examples, Extrinsic Motivation, / they’ll stop doing their work, / if the reward that they expect is not with them or disappears. //

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2008년 2월 16일(한국) 스피킹 & 라이팅 후기분석

***1 번:

Type 1: 2월 16일 Describe the most memorable celebration or social event that you have made in your life or people enjoyed in your country. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

Tip 1-1: I think of last New Year’s Day as the best event recently I’ve made in my life.

Tip 1-2: I think that going to COEX that is a kind of complex shopping center as my science field trip would be the most memorable event I made in my school days.

Tip 1-3: Pusan Film Festival

Tip 1-4: 2002 World Cup Game

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***2 번:

Type 1: 2월 16일 In order to communicate with family members or friends, some people want to use telephone to call; nevertheless, other people want to send an e-mail or a letter. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.

Tip 1-1: Everything depends on where my family members or friends live. // On one hand, if they live out of country, I’d rather send an e-mails or a letter to communicate with them because we have a difference in time between my place and their place. // On the other hand, if they live in my hometown, I’d rather use my telephone to communicate with them because it is more convenient and reliable. //

Tip 1-2: Everything depends on what types of information I discuss with them. / On one hand, if I want to discuss some of the common issues like daily life style with them, I’d rather use my phone to communicate with them because it would be easier than sending an e-mail. // One the other hand, if I want to discuss some of the important professional knowledge related with my major with my professors or classmates, I’d rather send an e-mail that contains very detailed information because it would be more economical and stable to explain what I’m thinking in detail. //

Tip 1-3: If I have a situation that is very urgent to answer, I would rather use my cellular phone in order to communicate with my family members or friends.

Tip 1-4: If I have a situation that is not urgent to answer, I would rather send an e-mail in order to explain what I thought in detail as much as possible.

Sample Response 1 -1

This is kind of complicated question. / Everything depends on how urgent my situation is. / Let’s say, on one hand, / if I have a situation that is very urgent to answer as quickly as I can, / I think in my point of view / using cellular phone or home phone is the better one of the two for my job / in terms of responding to the question more rapidly. / On the other hand, if I have a situation that is not urgent like submitting home assignment to professors with enough time, / I would rather send an e-mail with the document I finished and have to hand in / because calling my professors is not good enough to explain what I did in detail. /

Sample Response 1- 2

This is a kind of complicate question. / Everything depends on how far away the person lives from me. / Let’s say, if the person that I want to talk with lives out of town and there’s some inconveniences like a difference in time between my place and his place, / I would rather send an e-mail by using my computer with the Internet, / which makes me save quite big money. // On the other hand, if the person that I want to contact lives in my home town, / I would rather use my cell-phone or home phone. / I guess in my point of view it would be more dependable in terms of being able to quickly communicate with each other. /

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***3 번:

Type 1: 2월 16일 “Prohibition of Athletic Activities in front of Library”

Reading Passage:

학교는 도서관 앞쪽의 공간은 학생들이나 방문객들이 보는 첫 번째 장소이기 때문에 더 이상 운동이나 휴식을 위한 공간으로 사용하는 것을 금한다고 설명합니다. / 첫 번째 이유는 학생들에게 “무익”하고 공부에 방해가 된다고 합니다. / 두 번째 이유는 그 동안 쓰레기 등과 함께 너무 더럽게 유지되어 왔다고 합니다. /

Conversation:

여학생은 학교측의 안건에 강력히 반대합니다. / 첫 번째 이유는, 도서관 앞은 운동을 통해 몸을 건강하게 하는 장소로 학생들에게 “중요”하다고 주장합니다. / 또한, 운동을 열심히 한다고 공부를 소홀히 하는 것은 아니라고 강하게 반박합니다. / 더욱이 운동하는 모습은 Potential Students에게 긍정적인 모습으로 보여지게 될 것이고, 운동은 Academic Performance와 함께 중요하다고 설명합니다. // 두 번째 이유는, 그곳이 더럽게 유지된 이유는 그곳에서 점심을 먹는 사람들 때문에 그런 것이지, 학생들이 그런 것이 아니라고 설명합니다. / 그러므로, 운동하는 것을 금하는 것은 합리적이지 못하다고 반박합니다. /
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***4 번:

Type 1: 2월 16일 “Decision Framing”

Reading Passage:

읽기 지문에서, Decision Framing의 용어가 설명됩니다. /  이것은 같은 내용이라도 어떻게 설명하느냐에 따라 사람들의 반응이 달라진다고 라는 내용입니다. / 이로 인해 사람들은 잘못된 판단을 내릴 수도 있고, 또한 반면에 다른 사람들은 이러한 점을 이용하는 경우도 있다고 설명합니다. /
Lecture:

강의에서 강사는 Decision Framing에 적절한 예를 들게 됩니다. / 첫 번째 예는, / 기상대의 예보가 오늘은 대체로 흐립니다 라고 말하고 비올 확률(Cloudy)이 50%라고 말하면, / 대부분의 사람들은 우산을 챙기지만, / 반면에 오늘은 대체로 맑겠습니다 라고 말하고 맑을 확률(Sunny)이 50%라고 말하면, / 대부분의 사람들은 우산을 챙기지 않는다고 설명합니다. // 두 번째 예는, / 만약 90% 치료 가능한 감기약과, 반면에 10% 실패 가능한 감기약이 있다면, / 비록 똑 같은 감기약이라 하더라도, 사람들은 90% 치료 가능한 감기약을 산다고 설명합니다. /

Question:

Positive Effect에 관해서 강사가 든 두 가지 예를 설명하시오!

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***5 번:

Type 1: 2월 16일 “Biology Test”

Problem:

남학생은 지난밤에 온종일 자신의 고장 난 차(고장 나고 견인 당하고 그리고 수리하고)를 고치느라 Biology Test공부를 못했다고 걱정합니다. /

Two Solutions:

여학생은 두 가지 제안을 합니다. /

첫 번째 제안, field trip 가느라 시험 못 본 학생들을 위해 수요일 날 같은 시험 보니깐 그때 봐라! / 근데 남자는 자기가 field trip 간 것은 아니니깐 교수님한테 말할만한 정당한 사유가 없다고 합니다. / 하지만 fully prepare 할 수 있으니까 좋다고 합니다. (여학생의 의견)
두 번째 제안, 그냥 오늘 시험 봐라! 차라리 미루지 말고 그냥 get it over with. (남학생의 의견) / 남자는 그래도 수업을 꾸준히 참여하고 공부도 꾸준히 했으니 준비할 시간은 없었지만 테스트를 그냥 볼까 라며 반문합니다. /

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***6 번:

Type 1: 2월 16일 “Essential Characteristic of a Good Teacher”
1. A good teacher encourages students to do their best. “자신감(동기)부여” /

강의에서 lecturer는 원래 수학을 못했는데, 옛날 Geometry 선생님이 많은 용기를 북돋아 주었다고 설명합니다. / 다시 말해, 잘한 것과 못한 것이 있을 때 못한 것들 가지고 질책하기 보다는 잘한 것은 칭찬 해주는 게 필요하다 라고 설명합니다. / 이것은 학생들에게 Confidence을 줄뿐 아니라 무엇인가 부족함에도 불구하고 더 잘하고 싶게 북돋아 준다고 설명합니다. /

2. A good teacher gives immediate feedback / 그 Geometry선생님은 시험을 치르면 그날그날 채점해서 돌려 줬다 고 합니다. 이로써 모르는 부분을 알고 바로 Correct 할 수 있었다고 설명합니다. / 다시 말해, Feedback은 학생들이 배운 수업을 좀 더 잘 기억할 수 있게 도와줄 뿐 아니라 무엇을 틀렸는지 알게 하고 보충하게 도와준다고 설명합니다. /

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***2007년 6월 30일 스피킹 & 라이팅 후기분석***

***1 번: Describe one of the most popular sports activities or games that people enjoy in your country. Use specific reasons and details in your explanation.

EX 1: Playing Soccer.

EX 2: Playing Baseball or Basketball or Golf.

Sample Response

I want to talk about “Soccer” as a favorite sport activity in my country. / Most Korean people enjoy playing soccer at least twice a month or watching professional games on T.V. / Especially, we’ve been playing this kind of sports activity since last 2002 World Cup Game in Korea and Japan. / Actually, more and more soccer clubs have been established / and Korean government has “also” invested a lot of money on building sports facilities such as a complex stadium for Soccer / since the World Cup was held in both countries. / That’s why most Korean people think of Soccer as the best sports activity / in terms of being able to improve good health and encourage ourselves to be unified all together. /

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***2 번: Some people want to use computer or the Internet to get information; however, other people like to get it by using printed materials such as books or magazines. Which do you prefer and why?

EX 1: Much faster than using books or magazines.

EX 2: More information on it than in books or magazines.

EX 3: Major: Professional Knowledge & Non-major: Common Knowledge

This is kind of complicated question. / Everything depends on what kind of information I need. / If I need some information related to my school home assignment, / I’d like to use specific text books or special magazines to get more reliable and dependable information for that. / Even though it looks like a very inconvenient process, / I’m pretty sure that it is a more effective way than any other one for my school work. / On the other hand, if I need to know very common issues, today’s weather condition or schedules of my favorite sports games, baseball, / it would be much faster and more accurate / to get that kind of information by using the Internet / because (a) plenty of information is updated every hour sometimes every minute. /

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***3 번: “Building a Gym”

Reading Passage:

The university has a plan to build a sports center for students around campus. / Over the past a few years, the university has made enough money (two billion dollars) to invest on school facilities, so it is necessary to make it for all students. / The reason is that students and faculties need a better place to exercise when they have spare time for their health and research and development. / We also want to meet a better relationship between the community and the university and attract more students every year by providing more convenient facilities. /

Conversation & Sample Response

In this conversation, / the female student strongly disagrees with the announcement given by the president of the university / because she has different ideas for that. / First, she emphasizes that the university need to make up other facilities such as Student Center or Central Library first / because they’re too old for students to use. / Second, she thinks that building a new gym doesn’t seem to have a positive influence on the community / because the university sports teams have been losing more games than winning ones. / So, it’s not gonna attract more people living in the community she thinks. / Also, she believes that the gym is still not bad to use. / That’s why she strongly suggests that the university should invest more money on its other facilities / to better meet everybody’s satisfaction. =======================================================================

*** 4 번: “Perceptual Constancy”

Lecture & Sample Response

The lecturer mainly talks about a theory “Perceptional Constancy” in Psychology class. / She explains that everything looks different because of its different angle or location. / Actually, she gives us two types of examples. / One is a plate with a lot of food and the other one is a professor in classroom. / In the first case of the examples, a plate, / even though there’s full of food on it, and it looks different, / however, it is still recognized that it is still round. // In the second case, / when a teacher comes to classroom, / even though the teacher’s height looks different or the teacher’s weight feels also different between the angles or locations from the front seat and the rear seat, / the teacher’s height or weight is still same. /

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***5 번:

1. Problem: In this conversation, / the male student (the president of a club for Anthropology) has a serious problem with taking a museum trip / because his mother’s vehicle (mini-van) he really wanted to use is out of order. /

2. Two Possible Solutions: In this situation, / there’re two possible solutions (presented by the other student talking with him). / One is fixing the vehicle first, but he is so worried about the fact that it would take a lot of time to do so / and the other option is renting another vehicle, but he is also worried about the fact that it would be very expensive. /

3. Which is the better one of the two? Given the choice between two possible solutions, / I would choose the first one / because I’m pretty sure that / it is the better one of the two for the problem. /

4. Why? If he has a mechanic repair the vehicle, / even though it takes about a couple of hours, / it is more economical for him. / Actually, the vehicle he wanted to use should be fixed later. / Therefore, if he does so, / he is gonna get two birds by throwing a tiny pebble / even though it looks somewhat inconvenient. // Even though he might be a little late there, however, still he is going to have a chance to enjoy the field trip…///

EX 1: Renting a vehicle: Even though there’re only four people excluding him to be able to pay the rent fee, / if everyone agrees with it, the whole amount of the money to rent a car could be shared all together, / then they will be able to enjoy their museum exhibition. /

EX 2: If he says that “my vehicle is out of order,” / at least 3-4 of the members might suggest that they should rent another minivan. / Then, he doesn’t have to get the entire financial burden, / and eventually, they can drive the rented vehicle to go to the museum trip. /

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***6 번: “Animal Camouflage”

Lecture:

In this lecture the lecturer mainly talks about animal camouflage in biology class / in order to explain how animals protect themselves from their predators. / Actually, he gives us two types of animals as examples / and explains how different those animals are. / One is a kind of animal (Dragon Fish) swimming with green body color through green plants avoiding from its predators. (More specific details needed on your test if possible!) / The other case is Cattle Fish whose body can be changed (thanks to some pigment) / whenever they feel dangerous instinctively from its predators also. (More specific details needed on your test if possible!)  /

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[유후]

쌤~귀중한 자료 감사합니다~~

[dream7maker]

샘~힘드셨을 텐데 열강 감사드립니당~~좋은 주말 보내세효^^*

[김선형]

저도 일만 아니면 듣고 가고 싶었는데 ㅜㅜ 특강자료도 올려주시고 선생님의 무한배려에 보답하겠습니다 ~~ ㅋ

[사울리에]

특강도, 자료도 감사합니다!!! 홧팅!

[sshinjeong]

꺄꺄~ 오늘 특강 정말 완소였어용ㅎㅎ

[러브마크]

특강 못 들어서 너무 아쉬웠는 데 ㅠㅠ 자료 감사드려요 ^^!!

[ahran]

앗!오늘 특강도~자료도 정말 감사합니다!!!~~

[박정은]

감사합니다 쌤~ 열심히 볼게요

[민희]

감사합니다^^

[입문조교건]

자료 감사합니다. 특강 듣지 못해서 아쉽습니다...

[안성화]

특강 잼있었습니당ㅋㅋ 자료 감사합니다~

[빵시기]

특강 자료 감사합니다. 다가오는 시험 대비할 수 있겠습니다^^

[신재은]

선생님 그날 학원을 아예 못가고 특강도못듣고 ㅠㅠ 너무아쉬웠는데 정말 고맙습니다 열심히 공부할께요^_^

[dream7maker]

감사합니당~~특강 자료 감사드립니당^^

[soobini]

특강 자료를 또 이렇게 올려주시다닝... 감사합니당 ^^*

[조교 고영호]

선생님 좋은 자료 감사드립니다. 언제나 최고의 자료들 ~!!!^^

[II정하II]

쌤 특강자료 넘넘감사드려요 :)

[성큰]

특강을 못들었는데.. 자료 올려주셔서 감사드려요.

[차지현]

어이쿠. 쌤 감사합니다~~^^ㅎㅎ 친절한 상철쌤♡

[인피닛]

이 귀중한 자료를 ㅠㅠ 요번 달 특강은 필참할게요*_*!!!

[신윤경]

감사합니다~~~

[미리무]

흐 감사합니다앙♥

[조교 박대규]

2008년 11월 1일 문제가 2010년 12월 4일 문제랑 6문제가 완전 똑같이 출제 되었습니다^^

[디오리지날뉴아자speaKing쌤]

하하하...수고많았다...독립형 1번은 C-Type으로 알파에 있는 Clothes중에서 Blue Jean이 그냥 출제 되었구나...하하하...어쨌든...늘 이곳 보물창고에서 셤이 계속 출제되고 있으니 부지런히 프린트하고 전략노트에 붙이고 달달달 연습하고 그렇게 준비하자...홧팅...