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관사(Article)
I. 보통 명사 앞에 오는 한정사
Dogs are a faithful animal.
I saw a dog on the street yesterday. The dog reminded me of my old pet dog.
Promise should be kept in any case.
I made a promise with my friend at 2 o’clock. However, I could not keep the promise.
Snakes…………… these long, thin animals…………… The reptile……………. In Egypt, some snakes…………… the dangerous animals…………… the (-->their) poison……………
고유명사와 숫자: 한정사의 영향 받지 않음
Thomas Edison
Desert Sahara / The Sahara Desert
Mount Everest / The Everest Mountain
River Han / The Han River
The Moon is still a favorite of science fiction writer(-->writers) as the most favorable place in the solar system for human habitation other tha n the Earth.
A patent is granted upon receipt of a complete, regularly filed applications (-->application) and the appropriate fees.
II. 관사를 사용하지 않는 경우 (무관사)
1. 고유명사 / 물질명사 / 추상명사 :
Thomas Edison, Desert Sahara, Mars, Venus / oxygen, nitrogen / luck, diligence
Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of the atmosphere, while the oxygen (-->oxygen) makes up 21 percent.
2. 준동사 :
beginning his lecture / the beginning of the 21st century
My hobby is collecting stamps. (O)
My hobby is the collecting of stamps. (X)
My hobby is the collection of stamps. (O)
The selling products (-->Selling products) related to a movie can sometimes help make up for its poor box office sales.
Early aviation engineers found they could increase the speeding (-->speed) of an airplane by streamlining its shape.
3. 명사 + 기수 :
lesson one / the first le sson
volume four / the fourth volume
World War II / the second World War
4. 학문 / 운동 : psychology, literature, ornithology / tennis, football
Plant habitats are studied by botanists who specialize in the ecology (-->ecology) and geography.
III. 정관사를 반드시 붙이는 경우
1. 유일한 개념 / 관용적 : the Sun, the world, the universe, the beginning, the end, the North, the front, the back, / the morning, the afternoon, the evening
Hadrosaurs lived at end (-->at the end) of the Cretaceous, mostly in what is now Asia.
2. 최상급 / 서수 : the tallest student, / the first chapter
Fire was a first (-->the first) chemical reaction that human beings learned to produce and control.
The meeting was first organized in 1964……
3. 십년대 / 백년대 : the 1980’s, the sixties
After a mid-1700's (-->the mid-1700's), Russian fur traders sett led in what is now Alaska.
4. 수량 한정사 of the 명사 :
Most of streets(-->the streets) of Manhattan were laid out systematically, making it easy for people to find their way.
Titan is one of few satellites (-->the few satellites) in the solar system known to have an atmosphere.
5. 앞에서 언급한 경우
There was __________ accident last night. __________ car crushed into __________ tree. __________ driver of __________ car was not severely injured, but the car was badly damaged.
______ driver should not speed up in front of schools.
6. 특정 문맥에서 정관사를 붙이는 경우
______ tall students
______ children who do not have mothers
= ______ motherless children
[1] Definite markers (the / possessive / demonstratives)
John Roebling is _______ name of _______ engineer who designed the Brooklyn Bridge. He died in 1869 from _______ infection be fore _______ bridge was completed.
[2] Definite expressions (고유명사 / 인칭 대명사)
Many of the mountaineers like to stand on _______ summit of Everest and pose for _______ photograph of their lifetime.
7. the same, the next, the only + N / the rest
Jefferson made it clear that he expected James Madison to be a next president.
All the crystals of any one kind of gem mineral have same type of symmetry.
Washington became only American city in which the people did not elect their local officials.
A와 An의 구별
a university, a unique beauty, a Uranium / an ultimate objective
a one-way, a once prosperous family
A(-->An) HMO controls costs by requiring patients to choose approved doctors and hospitals.
Legislative Assembly of Alberta is an(-->a) one-house legislature that makes the provincial laws.
Psychiatrists have a(-->an) M.D. degree and devote themselv es to treating psychological disorders.
be 동사 뒤에 명사(주격 보어)자리에 무관사 추상 명사 올 수 없슴
Amanda is beauty. (X)
Amanda is a beauty. (O)
Amanda is beautiful. (O)
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