스크랩 버기 업데이트 된 엑스레이의 신형 1/8 버기 XB808 공식 이미지 및 상세정보

[(운)김남국[38]]

#350003 XRAY 808

Luxury 1/8 Nitro Off-Road Buggy

XRAY XB808 의 새로운 파트들 요약:
- 새로운 차세대 XRAY 레이싱 버기 플랫폼
- 매우 낮은무게와 우수한 핸들링에 초점을 맞춘 순수 레이싱 디자인
- 이번보다 확연히 낮추어진 무게, 현재 세계에서 최고로 가벼운 버기 (Lighest buggy in the market)
- 향상된 무게 배분을 갖춘 새롭게 좁혀진 샤시는 키트를 훨씬 안정적이고 쉬운 주행을 할 수 있게 만들어줌
- 향상된 스테어링과 트랙션을 위한 새로운 레이싱 서스팬션과 새로운 서스팬션 지오매트리 
- 새로운 프론트 & 리어 서스팬션 암
- 빠르고 쉬운 머드 프로텍터 설치가 준비된 새로운 서스팬션 암
- 새로운 스테어링 블록과 캐스터 블록
- 새로운 서스팬션 홀더
- 새로운 서스팬션 피봇 핀
- 새로운 프론트 어퍼 서스팬션 마운팅
- 쇽타워에서의 새로운 프론트와 리어 옵티마이즈드 롤 센터 위치
- 새로운 리어 업라이트
- 새로운 드라이브트레인
- 새로운 CVD 드라이브 샤프트
- 피니언 기어로의 새로운 다이렉트 샤프트 커낵션
- 새롭게 길어진 스테어링 로드는 서스팬션이 압축되는동안 서스팬션 지오메트리 변경을 막아줌
- 프론트와 리어 서스팬션을 위한 새로운 컴포지트 볼 조인트와 턴버클
- 새로운 안정적인 리어 볼 조인트
- 새로운 안티 롤 바
- 더욱 엔진 포지션이 센터로 옮겨짐
- 새로운 내로우 서보 세이버와 스테어링 시스템
- 새로운 Ultra-short 그라파이트 스테어링 플레이트
- 새로운 원피스 그라파이트 스테어링 플래이트
- 새로운 원피스 그라파이트 라디오 플레이트
- 새로운 리어 플랙서블 컴포지트 브레이스
- 새로워진 성능이 높아진 기어비율
- Labyrinth Dust Covers(먼지커버)와 함께 새롭게 만들어진 기어박스
- 업라이트와 스테어링 블록에서의 새롭게 가벼워진 볼베어링
- 새롭게 낮아진 중앙 드프런셜 스탠드
- 새롭게 커진, 강해진 훨씬 향상된 클러치 베어링
- 새로운 클러치 벨
- 로테이팅 무게를 줄이기 위하여 작아진 스퍼기어와 커진 클러치벨을 사용하는 새로운 기어비율
- 점프시 훨씬 안정적이고 향상된 밸런스를 위한 새롭게 길어진 휠베이스
- 새로운 4mm extra-thick 프론트와 3.5mm 리어 울트라 프리미엄 그라파이트 쇽타워 
- 범프와 큰 점프가 있는 트랙에서의 향상된 핸들링을 위한 새로운 빅보어 오버사이즈 쇽
- 새로운 쓰레드형식의 빅보어 hard 애노다이징 쇽 바디
- 쇽을 훨씬 쉽게 조립하고 정비하기위한 새로운 쇽 디자인
- 새로운 원피스 알루미늄 하드 애노다이징 쇽 캡
- 쇽 바디안에서의 완벽한 움직임을 위한 정확하게 라운드 처리된 새로운 빅보어쇽 피스톤
- 새로운 낮은 쇽 마운팅 조립은 오일누수를 최소화함
- 새로운 ultra-low 프로파일 레이싱 바디

The XRAY 808. The ultimate vehicle concept molded and shaped into an extraordinary engineering masterpiece by the artisans at XRAY. Superior as ever… yet all new. The 808 throws down a challenge for you to drive it… race it… win with it. Answer the call… take the challenge. Experience a new form of fascination, undreamed-of driving enjoyment… performance and dynamic ability you can count on. Experience the all-new XRAY 808.

2004년부터 시작된 XRAY의 첫번째 1/8 GP오프로드버기의 첫번째 XB8 플랫폼은 매우 훌륭한 성능과 인기로 최고의 인기를 누렸습니다. 5년간의 첫번째 XB8 플랫폼은 세계 각종 올해의 키트상 수상을 받고, 세계 수많은 내셔널 챔피언쉽 타이틀을 타내고 거의 월드챔피언쉽 우승을 차지할뻔 하였으며 유럽챔피언쉽 챔피언 타이틀을 거머쥐으며 XB8은 세계에서 가장 성공적인 오프로드 버기로 인정받았습니다.

Since 2004 when XRAY released the first 1/8 off-road car, the XRAY XB8 platform has enjoyed great success both on and off the track. Praised by the RC press and media, as well as customers themselves, the XB8 platform has been the recipient of several Car-of-the-Year awards. Along with numerous National titles around the world – including the most prestigious European Champion title – the XB8 has been one of the world’s most successful off-road cars.

Racing Pedigree

XRAY개발팀은 언제나 완벽함과 혁명성을 강조하면서 계속적인 개발과 연구 및 테스트를 거치면서 XB8TQ 와 XB8EC버전으로 진화하였습니다.

The mandate of the XRAY Development Team is to pursue perfection and innovation, while constant developing and redefining the “performance envelope.” Through ongoing development and improvement, the XB8 platform evolved into the XBTQ and XB8EC versions, each version bringing improvements and surpassing its predecessor.

XB8 플렛폼을 최고의 하이레벨 퍼포먼스 레벨으로 가져오기 위하여 XRAY 개발팀은 완벽한 오프로드 플랫폼 컨샙을 위하여 새롭게 다시 생각하고 다른 개발을 하였으며 이 정신은 XRAY 버기의 새로운 차세대 플랫폼인 XB 808 을 만들게 되었습니다.

To bring the XB8 platform to the highest performance level possible, it was time for XRAY R&D to rethink and rework the entire off-road platform concept. To realize the new concept and embrace the new spirit, the XRAY R&D team sought to create a car that would embody the key mission strategies. With this “no compromise” vision and strategy in mind, an all-new platform was conceived; to call the XRAY 808 the “next evolution” of the XB8 would be a massive understatement.

밸런스가 갖추어진 키트는 뛰어난 드라이빙 나이나믹과 훌륭한 트랙에서의 안정적인 주행을 만들어 줄 것이며 어떠한 레이싱 컨디션에서든 매우 쉬운 주행을 할 수 있게끔 만들어 줄 것 입니다. XB808 은 평평하고 빠른 트랙에서 주행을 하든.. 범프가 많은 테크니컬한 트랙에서 주행을 하든 높은 점프가 있는 트랙에서의 주행을 하든.. 언제나 안적적이고 쉬운 주행을 보여줄 것 이빈다. 이것이 바로 XB808 의 새로운 하이 퍼포먼스 레벨의 기본 바탕입니다.

Balanced load distribution creates outstanding driving dynamics and excellent track stability, making the car super-easy to drive in any racing condition – no matter if you drive on flat fast track, bumpy technical track, or sky-high jumps – the 808 is the new form and level of performance.

XB808 은 다른회사에서는 볼 수 없고 & 이전 플랫폼 보다 더욱 업그레이드 되어진 XRAY만의 프리미엄 하이테크 제질과 엔지니어링으로 만들어졌습니다. 새로운 서스팬션, 새로운 지오메트리, 향상된 빅보어쇽, 향상된 중앙 무게 밸런스, 새로운 드라이브 트레인 개념... 등... XB 808은 주행과 컨트롤을 쉽게 만들어주며, 또한 모든 레이싱 컨디션에서 최고의 향상된 성능을 보여줄 것입니다. 

Loaded and equipped with premium high-tech materials and engineering throughout – all-new suspension and geometry; improved oversized shocks; optimized and centralized weight balance; all-new drivetrain concept – the 808 is easy to drive and control, making it a top performer under all racing conditions. Imagine overtaking maneuvers that are a thrill thanks to the precision controllability at your disposal… and response so fast and precise that you think your mind is directly connected to the car. Squeeze the throttle for the first time and you will immediately experience what the car’s looks only hint at.

Chassis

The all-new chassis was completely redesigned following the all-new weight distribution and centerline placement of internal parts for improved side-to-side weight balance. To obtain better stability, the chassis was elongated and along with the new suspension concept the front of the chassis is angled 10°.

The chassis is CNC-machined from high-quality Swiss 3mm 7075 T6 hard-anodized aluminum, and is strategically machined in low-stress areas to make it as light as possible without affecting strength or rigidity. The chassis is hard anodized at XRAY’s own in-house fully robotic hardcoating line, ensuring a perfect hardcoated surface.

Non-essential material below the engine, fuel tank, and diffs was removed to allow for the lightest weight and lowest possible center of gravity.

The downstop setscrew area was greatly reinforced. All screw holes on the bottom of the chassis are countersunk, allowing for a very smooth chassis underside with no protruding screw heads.

Strong composite side guards help protect the internal components.

All-New Suspension

The most significant handling improvement was achieved by an all-new suspension components and geometry. The suspension concept was carried over from 1/10 electric off-road cars — redesigned and adapted for 1/8 off-road, incorporating XRAY’s innovative ideas, and reducing the size of the components used. The suspension geometry was fine tuned to give the car super-easy handling in all racing conditions.

Suspension Arms

Suspension arms are one of the most important parts of any RC model car, as they directly influence the handling and racing characteristics of the car. The 808 suspension arms are all-new and the final design is the result of long-term tests of different designs and layouts. Length, thickness, flexibility, geometry of suspension points and materials used… these are all the concepts and details that had to be thoroughly reviewed to create the optimum suspension arms.

Based on excessive knowledge gained from the previous XB8 cars, several different suspension arm designs were tested in both virtual reality and in-car to find the final best design. The exclusive composite mixture used for suspension arms is a perfect balance between reliability and performance. The suspension arm itself is rigid enough to provide a responsive feel, yet soft enough to survive extra-long main events.

The design of the arms was particularly well thought out to allow the use of identical suspension arms left/right at each end of the car, thus reducing your spare part needs and making servicing much quicker and easier.

The arm design was developed with “dirty” racing in mind… racing in heavy mud and rain. The smart design allows for the very quick and easy addition of mud protectors to both suspension arms. The arms feature openings at the bottom and side to allow mud protectors to be easily mounted to the arms. Mud protectors are available as options.

Suspension Holders

The composite suspension holders are the lightest solution to keep weight as low as possible. The composite suspension holders also allow for suspension flex which is necessary to keep the car forgiving and easy-to-drive. The no-compromise design and special composite mixture used for the holders ensure that they are able to withstand abusive impacts and big jumps while keeping the geometry unchanged.

Suspension geometry is fully optimized and integrated into the suspension holders, so say goodbye to being lost with setups. The suspension geometry has been optimized to ensure the best handling characteristics at typical tracks and standard racing conditions. The suspension holders feature preset 3° rear toe-in, 2° rear anti-squat, and 10° front kick-up. Both front and rear arms allow the use of wheelbase shims for quick and easy wheelbase adjustment.

For extreme high-competition racing conditions or for advanced off-road racers, optional alu suspension holders are available to allow fine suspension tuning.

Hardened 4mm and 3mm hinge pins are mounted through the suspension holders and locked with self-locking nuts. This suspension holder concept ensures that suspension pins will never come out during racing and moreover it ensures that the play between the arms and suspension holders will not change. The suspension holder concept reinforces the holding of the arms and in any crashes prevents the pin or arm from becoming disconnected.

Increased Steering

The new suspension arms and suspension geometry give increased steering, influenced by the different characteristics of Ackermann.

The angle of the tires during steering does not change as much as it does on the standard C-hub or pivot-ball suspension. Even when the suspension moves up or down the suspension ensures constant steering for easier, more precise and predictable handling into and in corners, and especially ensures fluent drive through the corners mainly on bumpy tracks.

Shocktowers and shocks were accordingly redesigned to complement with the new suspension geometry.

Zero Kingpin Steering Blocks

The super-lightweight composite zero kingpin steering blocks are a genuine innovation in design and functionality. Each block features an inset steel bushing that is molded into the steering block itself, ensuring a wobble-free and ultra-tight steering block assembly.
This enables the kingpin screws to be firmly held in the steel threaded bushing while the end of the screw is self-locked in composite to prevent the screws from loosening during racing. The molded-in steel bushings allow the steering blocks to turn freely ensuring precise steering reaction. The super-tiny steering blocks are molded from a lightweight yet very strong and durable composite material.

The new-concept steering block is taken from 1/10 electric off-road cars, providing zero kingpin steering — the steering block rotates in an absolute vertical position so that the angle does not change. The new steering block gives a better steering radius which greatly improves the handling and makes the car even easier to drive on all tracks and provides more steering into corners. The steering block features one optimized Ackermann position.

The tiny size of the steering blocks was achieved by using new lighter ball-bearings. The inner bearing (13x19) carries a heavier load where the CVD drive shaft outdrive rotates… while the outer bearing (8x14) is newer & lighter than previously used to reduce unsprung weight. The two ball-bearings are further away from each other which provides more stability to the mounting and holding of the wheel axle.

Caster Blocks

Each 1-piece caster block is very lightweight and with the new zero kingpin suspension geometry the car is equipped with one optimum preset 10° caster block. The optimized caster angle is integrated and non-adjustable. The angle of the caster block + the 10° angle of the front of the chassis with the suspension holders = total 20° caster of the car.

Rear Uprights

The new uprights were designed to have a smaller design with less weight. The lower roll center position has been optimized to 1 position while the upper roll center positions still feature 3 different roll center positions.

The tiny size of the upright was achieved by using new lighter ball-bearings. The inner bearing (13x19) carries a heavier load where the CVD drive shaft outdrive rotates… while the outer bearing (8x14) is newer & lighter than previously used to reduce unsprung weight. The two ball-bearings are further away from each other which provides more stability to the mounting and holding of the wheel axle.

The outer suspension pin on which the rear upright sits features 2 shims which allow for additional wheelbase adjustment.

Chassis Braces

The front and rear braces have significant influence on chassis stiffness and chassis flex and as such have great impact on car handling under different grip conditions. The 808 features the well-proven and optimally stiff composite braces for front and rear. These braces are more than up to the task… strong enough to hold the car together after heavy jumps or crashes to avoid tweak or breaking, yet still flexible enough to generate the needed grip.

Shocktowers

The front and rear shocktowers are all-new. The shocktowers are CNC-machined from premium extra-robust 3.5mm (rear) and 4mm (front) thick high-grade graphite reducing significantly the weight. The shocktowers featured optimized shock positions and roll center positions.

Improved Weight Balance

One of the most significant improvements in the handling of the 808 is the improved weight balance. With the new longer chassis and new suspension concept (which is not overly-sensitive on weight load) this allowed the engine and central differential to be moved more forward. The more forward weight placement along with the new suspension concept greatly improves the balance of the car in jumps on- and off-power, and driving through the corners it allows for greater rotation of the car which results in increased cornering speed.

Centralized Design

With the narrow chassis design, all the internal parts of the car were repositioned. The engine was placed as close to the centerline as possible while still keeping the center drivetrain in the most effective locations. To balance the weight of the engine, muffler, and fuel tank, the center differential was placed more to the right with the electronics strategically placed in a curved shape around the central differential… all help to keep the weight as close to the center as possible. The all-new centralized design provides improved side-to-side balance.

All-New Drivetrain

Everything is new in the 808 drivetrain: all-new CVD drive shafts through the all-new drivetrain layout; new direct central shaft connection to the pinion gears; and all new ratios.

Since drivetrain weight and design have significant influence on the handling and performance of the car, the drivetrain was completely redesigned and greatly improved. The new ultra-lightweight drivetrain gives reduced rotating weight and increased performance. All drivetrain parts — drive shafts, diffs, brakes, outdrives — are ultra lightweight, strategically weight-reduced, and are manufactured from premium high-quality world-renowned HUDY Spring Steel™.

Direct Central Shafts Connection

The central drive shafts have an all-new design and concept, a genuine XRAY innovation. To transfer power from the engine, both central drive shafts are directly connected to the pinion gears in the front and rear gearboxes. This allows direct transfer of power without any kinetic losses, as well as increasing the lifespan of the shafts thanks to the elimination of connecting parts. The drive shaft is inserted through the diff housing opening (with Labyrinth Dust Covers™ on the diff housings to keep the dirt outside) and with a pin connects directly to the pinion. The connecting pin sits in a ball-bearing to guarantee that the connecting pin will never fall out… and removing the risk of having the central drive shafts become disconnected.

CVD Driveshafts

The new CVD drive shafts are lighter yet still are the strongest that a buggy can be equipped with. All four CVD drive shafts are manufactured from exclusive HUDY Spring Steel™, the unique self-developed highest-strength material.

The CVD wheel axle is carried in the steering block and rear upright more safely thanks to the greater distance between both ball-bearings. Additionally, the CVD assembly is very secure and safe due to the connecting pin (which connects the shaft to wheel axle) being located within a ball-bearing, thus ensuring that the pin will never fell out… thus preventing drive shaft disconnections.

The wheel axle part of the CVD is additionally hand ground for maximum precision to ensure a perfect precise fit in both suspension ball-bearings… guaranteeing a perfect wobble-free fit and rotation.

Diff Housings

The chassis features rigid front and rear diff housings on which all suspension parts are mounted. With the new central drive shaft design concept, both housings were redesigned to include Labyrinth Dust Covers™ for the central shaft bearings to keep dirt out. With the new design of the diff housings, internal areas are significantly reduced.

Easy access to both front and rear differentials makes maintenance super easy.

Differentials

Rubber-sealed composite differential housings are manually precision ground after the molding process to guarantee a perfect fit with no vibration. Differential gears are made from pressed steel, heat treated, and machined for ultra-precision and smooth operation.

Diff outdrives are made from premium HUDY Spring Steel™ and the central diff outdrives are individually ground for highest precision. The diff outdrives are specially-hardened to increase the lifespan, and the diff outdrive area which is inserted into ball-bearing is additionally ground to ensure a very tight fit and precise rotation. The openings of the diff outdrives were designed to keep the drive shafts in the diff outdrives even during maximum suspension downtravel.

Wheel Axles

Wheel axles and wheel nuts are made from lightweight yet super-strong aircraft aluminum, hard-anodized for increased lifespan and low wear. The new suspension is slightly narrower which enables the use of optional offset wheel axles for fine-tuning your setup for particular racing conditions.

Diff Gears & Drivetrain Ratio

The main diff gears are all manufactured on a precision manual gear machine from HUDY Gear Steel… a material that was specially formulated and developed for use in gears. All the gears are hardened to provide the longest possible lifespan.

A wide range of different gears — spur gear, clutchbell, crown gear — is available for perfect setup and adjustment for particular racing conditions.

Clutchbells are available in sizes of 15T, 16T, and 17T.
Spur gears are available in a range of 41T, 42T, and 43T.


The drivetrain ratio is all-new for the 808, allowing for more aggressive acceleration, aggressive yet easier handling.

Front and rear differentials features 43T crown gears with 10T pinions making a 4.3:1 primary ratio.
The central differential features 42T spur gear with a 16T clutchbell, making a 11.29 internal ratio.
The final ratio of the 808 is in the range of 10.37–12.33.

Center Differential Access

Access to the center differential is super easy by releasing the upper deck with only four screws. The lower center diff housing is sized to accommodate optional spur gears and the stands were lowered by 2.5mm to keep the weight as low as possible and to allow smaller central diff gears to be used. The center diff housing stands hold the effective brake system.

Radio Tray

With the no-compromise performance design in mind, the previously-used aluminum radio tray was replaced by a lightweight graphite radio tray. The radio tray is CNC-machined from premium high-grade graphite material which ensures great strength while remaining very light. The front area above the steering servo features an opening for even more weight reduction.

The graphite radio tray features a laydown steering servo and upright throttle/brake servo arrangement; both servos have been moved towards the chassis centerline. Heavy-duty steering horns are included to withstand the abuse from long mains.

1-piece Electronics Assembly

The 1-piece electronics assembly is very compact and can be quickly & easily removed for very comfortable servicing and cleaning. You need only to release only a few screws from the bottom of the chassis to remove the entire electronics assembly from the car.

The large molded radio box features a very clean design and layout that places the weight in key areas for proper balancing. The batteries are placed on the centerline of the chassis and the lightweight receiver is placed on the side. The very easy-to-access radio box is mounted on the side of the radio plate and is releasing by only a few screws.

For racers not using a radio switch, a handy molded cover is included to help guarantee a leak-free radio box. The tight antenna tube holder ensures that the antenna tube stays attached even if the car flips.

The radio box was redesigned to fit to the new chassis and the battery cover was redesigned to hold the batteries better.

Steering System

With the new centralized design concept, the steering stands were narrowed and placed as close to the center as possible using very lightweight aluminum standoffs. The very narrow steering plate is precision-machined from high-grade graphite, thus reducing unnecessary weight. The steering plate features several different Ackermann settings for precision steering setup.

The dual steering system rides on lightly-oiled ball-bearings, providing super-smooth and super-fast steering action. The strong servo saver spring makes sure that steering will be very precise in all conditions, but is still soft enough to ensure that energy will not be transferred to the servo even in heavy crashes. The strength of the servo saver can be easily adjusted through a adjustment collar; the collar is hard-anodized to prevent thread stripping in to dusty conditions.

HUDY Spring Steel™ Steering Turnbuckles

All turnbuckles in the 808 are manufactured from special HUDY Spring Steel™ material for turnbuckles, resulting in stronger turnbuckles with a tougher core. A handy turnbuckle tool is included.

With the narrow steering plate and narrow steering stands, the turnbuckles were properly resized and elongated. The relief steering ball-joints to provide a better fit into the wheels.

Newly-redesigned Big-Bore Shocks

Off-road performance depends very highly on perfectly-working shock absorbers. As such, all components and pieces of the 808 shocks were completely redesigned to obtain the best possible performance: shock bodies; pistons; shock cap; membranes; lower shock collar; rubber boots; internal shape; alu cap; springs.

The most significant improvement is the bore of the shocks, which was increased to allow for a higher volume of oil to flow for improved damping characteristics. The new big-bore shock pistons were designed and manufactured with a special molding process to ensure optimum tolerance and roundness of the pistons so that they move freely and very precisely inside the shock body.

The front and rear shocks can be mounted in multiple positions on the shocktowers and arms; these positions were thoroughly tested and analyzed both in virtual reality as well on the tracks to offer the widest possible range of shock positions. This guarantees sufficient suspension travel and best setup for either flat European-style tracks or large bumpy US-style tracks.

Shock Parts

The oversized big-bore shocks feature 18.5mm outside diameter shock bodies, externally threaded with an adjustable collar for downstops adjustment. The shock bodies are hardcoated, and features a new 1-piece alu shock cap.

The large 15.3mm inner diameter of the shock bodies ensures proper and consistent shock oil flow through the perfectly-round pistons which move very precisely inside the smoothly-finished interior of the shock body. The result is more consistent damping characteristics of the shocks.

The new big-bore pistons are manufactured from well-proven specially-formulated composite material to provide smoother action and durability. The well-proven molding production process is used to ensure perfect roundness of the pistons after production, so that the pistons will move perfectly inside the shock bodies for identical shock action in all four shocks.

The new shock membranes are now wider to fit the new big-bore shocks. The material has been also improved to guarantee the same damping characteristics from the beginning of the race to the end even after excessive overloads.


The lower shock assembly ensures that the shock rod will move very freely inside the shock body but at the same time will minimize oil leakage and keeping the dirt away. Two shock O-rings – manufactured from a superior silicone compound to allow ultra-free movement of the shock rod while still maintaining a tight seal – are installed in the lower part of the shock body and are secured with composite shims. The entire lower shock assembly is secured with the new lower aluminum shock cap which makes assembly/disassembly quick and easy. The aluminum lower cap features an internal protective “dust foam” which keeps the dirt out.

The shock shafts are thick and robust to ensure they will handle any abusive racing conditions and big jumps. The 3.5mm thick shock shafts are precisely machined from special high-tensile steel and afterwards are ground for a super-smooth surface to ensure very free and smooth movement of the shock shafts in the shock bodies.

Clutch System

The flywheel is CNC-machined from high-quality Swiss 7075 T6 aluminum. The clutch features three (3) lightweight 1.71g aluminum shoes and a set of hard clutch shoe springs. HUDY Spring Steel™ clutch nut is included, along with necessary shims and hardware. The flywheel brass collar is not included and is available with every engine supplier or optionally from XRAY.

Oversized Clutch Bearings

The 808 clutchbell features unique oversized ball-bearings designed and engineered by XRAY. Replacing the standard 5x10 bearings with balls of only size 1.3 mm, the oversized 808 clutch bearings are 5x12 with balls of size 2.0 mm and with extra-thick bearing walls. This translates to higher load carrying capabilities which will increase the life of the bearings and reduce the risk of clutch bearing failure during long final runs. The bearings come with special high-temperature resistant grease to ensure proper lubrication during high-revving engine operations and long runs.

Engine Mounts

High-grade CNC-machined aluminum engine mounts are machined from lightweight alloy and help to dissipate engine heat. The engine mounts are easily adjustable from the bottom of the chassis to obtain proper gear mesh.

The engine mount is all newly designed, it is longer and goes up to the front engine bearing which provides higher reinforcement of the chassis in the longitudinal direction and in jumps will minimize the bending of the chassis between the clutchbell and spur gear.

Brake System

The XRAY 808 features the well-proven high-performance braking system that is so strong and precise and dependable that is makes slowing and stopping a profoundly exhilarating experience. Coupled with the car’s balanced load distribution, the extraordinary control imparted by the braking system give you complete confidence as you pitch the car into the corner.

XRAY focused on all of the smallest details when designing the brake system. The laser-cut, precision flat-ground ventilated steel brake disk allows fade-free braking in conjunction with the special high-grip Ferodo?? brake pads installed on the laser-cut brake plates. The brake disk is small, slim, and very light. The precision hand-grinding allows true, wobble-free rotation. Brake inputs are transferred precisely to the brakes thanks to the rigid high-precision machined brake cams. Both brake disk and brake pads are specially heat-treated for maximum lifespan.

 

Fuel Tank and Air Filter

The fuel tank with integrated stone filter has a molded-in splashguard to protect the brakes from fuel spillage. The tank is mounted with rubber grommets to absorb vibration. Small composite holders secure thick 5.5mm silicone fuel tubing.

The smooth-flowing and efficient air filter is made from two parts. Air filter oil is included as standard. The universal rubber elbow allows fitment to most standard 1/8 buggy engines.

Anti-roll Bars

Anti-roll bars are included to stabilize the car at both front and rear and the 808 features new shorter anti-roll bars which also have a different angle to accommodate to mounting on the new suspension. The roll bars are easily mounted to the diff cases and can be adjusted through the adjustable linkages.

Both front and rear anti-roll bars have a thickness of 2.4mm. Anti-roll bar wires of different thickness are optionally available for fine-tuning your setup.

Wing

The aerodynamic rear wing is molded from a very flexible yet virtually unbreakable composite mixture. All edges are reinforced at critical areas to prevent cracking or breakage. The rear wing holders are mounted firmly to the rear shock tower. The rear wing holders offer many different wing-mounting positions for increased adjustability at different tracks.

 

Racing Pedigree

Since 2004 when XRAY released the first 1/8 off-road car, the XRAY XB8 platform has enjoyed great success both on and off the track. Praised by the RC press and media, as well as customers themselves, the XB8 platform has been the recipient of several Car-of-the-Year awards. Along with numerous National titles around the world – including the most prestigious European Champion title – the XB8 has been one of the world’s most successful off-road cars.

The mandate of the XRAY Development Team is to pursue perfection and innovation, while constant developing and redefining the “performance envelope.”  Through ongoing development and improvement, the XB8 platform evolved into the XBTQ and XB8EC versions, each version bringing improvements and surpassing its predecessor.

To bring the XB8 platform to the highest performance level possible, it was time for XRAY R&D to rethink and rework the entire off-road platform concept. To realize the new concept and embrace the new spirit, the XRAY R&D team sought to create a car that would embody the key mission strategies. With this “no compromise” vision and strategy in mind, an all-new platform was conceived; to call the XRAY 808 the “next evolution” of the XB8 would be a massive understatement.

Balanced load distribution creates outstanding driving dynamics and excellent track stability, making the car super-easy to drive in any racing condition – no matter if you drive on flat fast track, bumpy technical track, or sky-high jumps – the 808 is the new form and level of performance.

Loaded and equipped with premium high-tech materials and engineering throughout – all-new suspension and geometry; improved oversized shocks; optimized and centralized weight balance; all-new drivetrain concept – the 808 is easy to drive and control, making it a top performer under all racing conditions.  Imagine overtaking maneuvers that are a thrill thanks to the precision controllability at your disposal… and response so fast and precise that you think your mind is directly connected to the car. Squeeze the throttle for the first time and you will immediately experience what the car’s looks only hint at.

The XRAY 808.  The ultimate vehicle concept molded and shaped into an extraordinary engineering masterpiece by the artisans at XRAY.  Superior as ever… yet all new. The 808 throws down a challenge for you to drive it… race it… win with it. Answer the call… take the challenge. Experience a new form of fascination, undreamed-of driving enjoyment… performance and dynamic ability you can count on.   Experience the all-new XRAY 808.

Chassis

The all-new chassis was completely redesigned following the all-new weight distribution and centerline placement of internal parts for improved side-to-side weight balance. To obtain better stability, the chassis was elongated and along with the new suspension concept the front of the chassis is angled 10°.

The chassis is CNC-machined from high-quality Swiss 3mm 7075 T6 hard-anodized aluminum, and is strategically machined in low-stress areas to make it as light as possible without affecting strength or rigidity. The chassis is hard anodized at XRAY’s own in-house fully robotic hardcoating line, ensuring a perfect hardcoated surface.

Non-essential material below the engine, fuel tank, and diffs was removed to allow for the lightest weight and lowest possible center of gravity.

The downstop setscrew area was greatly reinforced. All screw holes on the bottom of the chassis are countersunk, allowing for a very smooth chassis underside with no protruding screw heads.

Strong composite side guards help protect the internal components.

All-New Suspension

The most significant handling improvement was achieved by an all-new suspension components and geometry. The suspension concept was carried over from 1/10 electric off-road cars — redesigned and adapted for 1/8 off-road, incorporating XRAY’s innovative ideas, and reducing the size of the components used. The suspension geometry was fine tuned to give the car super-easy handling in all racing conditions.

Suspension Arms

Suspension arms are one of the most import!ant parts of any RC model car, as they directly influence the handling and racing characteristics of the car. The 808 suspension arms are all-new and the final design is the result of long-term tests of different designs and layouts.  Length, thickness, flexibility, geometry of suspension points and materials used… these are all the concepts and details that had to be thoroughly reviewed to create the optimum suspension arms.

Based on excessive knowledge gained from the previous XB8 cars, several different suspension arm designs were tested in both virtual reality and in-car to find the final best design. The exclusive composite mixture used for suspension arms is a perfect balance between reliability and performance. The suspension arm itself is rigid enough to provide a responsive feel, yet soft enough to survive extra-long main events.

The design of the arms was particularly well thought out to allow the use of identical suspension arms left/right at each end of the car, thus reducing your spare part needs and making servicing much quicker and easier.

The arm design was developed with “dirty” racing in mind… racing in heavy mud and rain. The smart design allows for the very quick and easy addition of mud protectors to both suspension arms. The arms feature openings at the bottom and side to allow mud protectors to be easily mounted to the arms. Mud protectors are available as options.

 Suspension Holders

The composite suspension holders are the lightest solution to keep weight as low as possible. The composite suspension holders also allow for suspension flex which is necessary to keep the car forgiving and easy-to-drive. The no-compromise design and special composite mixture used for the holders ensure that they are able to withstand abusive impacts and big jumps while keeping the geometry unchanged.

Hardened 4mm hinge pins are mounted through the suspension holders and locked with self-locking nuts. This suspension holder concept ensures that suspension pins will never come out during racing and moreover it ensures that the play between the arms and suspension holders will not change. The suspension holder concept reinforces the holding of the arms and in any crashes prevents the pin or arm from becoming disconnected.

Suspension geometry is fully optimized and integrated into the suspension holders, so say goodbye to being lost with setups. The suspension geometry has been optimized to ensure the best handling characteristics at typical tracks and standard racing conditions. The suspension holders feature preset 3° rear toe-in, 2° rear anti-squat, and 10° front kick-up. Both front and rear arms allow the use of wheelbase shims for quick and easy wheelbase adjustment.

For extreme high-competition racing conditions or for advanced off-road racers, optional alu suspension holders are available to allow fine suspension tuning.

Increased Steering

The new suspension arms and suspension geometry give increased steering, influenced by the different characteristics of Ackermann.

The angle of the tires during steering does not change as much as it does on the standard C-hub or pivot-ball suspension. Even when the suspension moves up or down the suspension ensures constant steering for easier, more precise and predictable handling into and in corners, and especially ensures fluent drive through the corners mainly on bumpy tracks.

Shocktowers and shocks were accordingly redesigned to complement with the new suspension geometry.

 Zero Kingpin Steering Blocks

The super-lightweight composite zero kingpin steering blocks are a genuine innovation in design and functionality. Each block features an inset steel bushing that is molded into the steering block itself, ensuring a wobble-free and ultra-tight steering block assembly.

This enables the kingpin screws to be firmly held in the steel threaded bushing while the end of the screw is self-locked in composite to prevent the screws from loosening during racing. The molded-in steel bushings allow the steering blocks to turn freely ensuring precise steering reaction.  The super-tiny steering blocks are molded from a lightweight yet very strong and durable composite material.

The new-concept steering block is taken from 1/10 electric off-road cars, providing zero kingpin steering — the steering block rotates in an absolute vertical position so that the angle does not change. The new steering block gives a better steering radius which greatly improves the handling and makes the car even easier to drive on all tracks and provides more steering into corners. The steering block features one optimized Ackermann position.

The tiny size of the steering blocks was achieved by using new lighter ball-bearings. The inner bearing (13x19) carries a heavier load where the CVD drive shaft outdrive rotates… while the outer bearing (8x14) is newer & lighter than previously used to reduce unsprung weight. The two ball-bearings are further away from each other which provides more stability to the mounting and holding of the wheel axle.

 Caster Blocks

Each 1-piece caster block is very lightweight and with the new zero kingpin suspension geometry the car is equipped with one optimum preset 10° caster block.  The optimized caster angle is integrated and non-adjustable. The angle of the caster block + the 10° angle of the front of the chassis with the suspension holders = total 20° caster of the car.

Rear Uprights

The new uprights were designed to have a smaller design with less weight. The lower roll center position has been optimized to 1 position while the upper roll center positions still feature 3 different roll center positions.

The tiny size of the upright was achieved by using new lighter ball-bearings. The inner bearing (13x19) carries a heavier load where the CVD drive shaft outdrive rotates… while the outer bearing (8x14) is newer & lighter than previously used to reduce unsprung weight. The two ball-bearings are further away from each other which provides more stability to the mounting and holding of the wheel axle.

The outer suspension pin on which the rear upright sits features 2 shims which allow for additional wheelbase adjustment.

Chassis Braces

The front and rear braces have significant influence on chassis stiffness and chassis flex and as such have great impact on car handling under different grip conditions. The 808 features the well-proven and optimally stiff composite braces for front and rear. These braces are more than up to the task… strong enough to hold the car together after heavy jumps or crashes to avoid tweak or breaking, yet still flexible enough to generate the needed grip.

 Shocktowers

The front and rear shocktowers are all-new. The shocktowers are CNC-machined from premium extra-robust 3.5mm (rear) and 4mm (front) thick high-grade graphite reducing significantly the weight. The shocktowers featured optimized shock positions and roll center positions.

Improved Weight Balance

One of the most significant improvements in the handling of the 808 is the improved weight balance. With the new longer chassis and new suspension concept (which is not overly-sensitive on weight load) this allowed the engine and central differential to be moved more forward. The more forward weight placement along with the new suspension concept greatly improves the balance of the car in jumps on- and off-power, and driving through the corners it allows for greater rotation of the car which results in increased cornering speed.

 Centralized Design

With the narrow chassis design, all the internal parts of the car were repositioned. The engine was placed as close to the centerline as possible while still keeping the center drivetrain in the most effective locations. To balance the weight of the engine, muffler, and fuel tank, the center differential was placed more to the right with the electronics strategically placed in a curved shape around the central differential… all help to keep the weight as close to the center as possible. The all-new centralized design provides improved side-to-side balance.

All-New Drivetrain

Everything is new in the 808 drivetrain: all-new CVD drive shafts through the all-new drivetrain layout; new direct central shaft connection to the pinion gears; and all new ratios.

Since drivetrain weight and design have significant influence on the handling and performance of the car, the drivetrain was completely redesigned and greatly improved. The new ultra-lightweight drivetrain gives reduced rotating weight and increased performance. All drivetrain parts — drive shafts, diffs, brakes, outdrives — are ultra lightweight, strategically weight-reduced, and are manufactured from premium high-quality world-renowned HUDY Spring Steel^TM.

 Direct Central Shafts Connection

The central drive shafts have an all-new design and concept, a genuine XRAY innovation. To transfer power from the engine, both central drive shafts are directly connected to the pinion gears in the front and rear gearboxes. This allows direct transfer of power without any kinetic losses, as well as increasing the lifespan of the shafts thanks to the elimination of connecting parts. The drive shaft is inserted through the diff housing opening (with Labyrinth Dust Covers™ on the diff housings to keep the dirt outside) and with a pin connects directly to the pinion. The connecting pin sits in a ball-bearing to guarantee that the connecting pin will never fall out… and removing the risk of having the central drive shafts become disconnected.

CVD Driveshafts

The new CVD drive shafts are lighter yet still are the strongest that a buggy can be equipped with. All four CVD drive shafts are manufactured from exclusive HUDY Spring Steel™, the unique self-developed highest-strength material.

The CVD wheel axle is carried in the steering block and rear upright more safely thanks to the greater distance between both ball-bearings. Additionally, the CVD assembly is very secure and safe due to the connecting pin (which connects the shaft to wheel axle) being located within a ball-bearing, thus ensuring that the pin will never fell out… thus preventing drive shaft disconnections.

The wheel axle part of the CVD is additionally hand ground for maximum precision to ensure a perfect precise fit in both suspension ball-bearings… guaranteeing a perfect wobble-free fit and rotation.

Diff Housings

The chassis features rigid front and rear diff housings on which all suspension parts are mounted. With the new central drive shaft design concept, both housings were redesigned to include Labyrinth Dust Covers™ for the central shaft bearings to keep dirt out.. With the new design of the diff housings, internal areas are significantly reduced.

Easy access to both front and rear differentials makes maintenance super easy.

Differentials

Rubber-sealed composite differential housings are manually precision ground after the molding process to guarantee a perfect fit with no vibration. Differential gears are made from pressed steel, heat treated, and machined for ultra-precision and smooth operation.

Diff Outdrives

Diff outdrives are made from premium HUDY Spring Steel™ and the central diff outdrives are individually ground for highest precision. The diff outdrives are specially-hardened to increase the lifespan, and the diff outdrive area which is inserted into ball-bearing is additionally ground to ensure a very tight fit and precise rotation. The openings of the diff outdrives were designed to keep the drive shafts in the diff outdrives even during maximum suspension downtravel.

Wheel Axles

Wheel axles and wheel nuts are made from lightweight yet super-strong aircraft aluminum, hard-anodized for increased lifespan and low wear. The new suspension is slightly narrower which enables the use of optional offset wheel axles for fine-tuning your setup for particular racing conditions.

Diff Gears

The main diff gears are all manufactured on a precision manual gear machine from HUDY Gear Steel… a material that was specially formulated and developed for use in gears. All the gears are hardened to provide the longest possible lifespan.

A wide range of different gears — spur gear, clutchbell, crown gear — is available for perfect setup and adjustment for particular racing conditions.

Clutchbells are available in sizes of 15T, 16T, and 17T.

Spur gears are available in a range of 41T, 42T, and 43T.

Drivetrain Ratio

The drivetrain ratio is all-new for the 808, allowing for more aggressive acceleration aggressive yet easier handling.

Front and rear differentials features 43T crown gears with 10T pinions making a 4.3:1 primary ratio.

The central differential features 42T spur gear with a 16T clutchbell, making a 11.29 internal ratio.

The final ratio of the 808 is in the range of 10.37–12.33.

Center Differential Access

Access to the center differential is super easy by releasing the upper deck with only four screws. The lower center diff housing is sized to accommodate optional spur gears and the stands were lowered by 2.5mm to keep the weight as low as possible and to allow smaller central diff gears to be used. The center diff housing stands hold the effective brake system.

Radio Tray

With the no-compromise performance design in mind, the previously-used aluminum radio tray was replaced by a lightweight graphite radio tray. The radio tray is CNC-machined from premium high-grade graphite material which ensures great strength while remaining very light. The front area above the steering servo features an opening for even more weight reduction.

The graphite radio tray features a laydown steering servo and upright throttle/brake servo arrangement; both servos have been moved towards the chassis centerline. Heavy-duty steering horns are included to withstand the abuse from long mains.

1-piece Electronics Assembly

The 1-piece electronics assembly is very compact and can be quickly & easily removed for very comfortable servicing and cleaning. You need only to release only a few screws from the bottom of the chassis to remove the entire electronics assembly from the car.

The large molded radio box features a very clean design and layout that places the weight in key areas for proper balancing. The batteries are placed on the centerline of the chassis and the lightweight receiver is placed on the side. The very easy-to-access radio box is mounted on the side of the radio plate and is releasing by only a few screws.

For racers not using a radio switch, a handy molded cover is included to help guarantee a leak-free radio box.  The tight antenna tube holder ensures that the antenna tube stays attached even if the car flips.

The radio box was redesigned to fit to the new chassis and the battery cover was redesigned to hold the batteries better.

 Steering System

With the new centralized design concept, the steering stands were narrowed and placed as close to the center as possible using very lightweight aluminum standoffs. The very narrow steering plate is precision-machined from high-grade graphite, thus reducing unnecessary weight. The steering plate features several different Ackermann settings for precision steering setup.

The dual steering system rides on lightly-oiled ball-bearings, providing super-smooth and super-fast steering action. The strong servo saver spring makes sure that steering will be very precise in all conditions, but is still soft enough to ensure that energy will not be transferred to the servo even in heavy crashes. The strength of the servo saver can be easily adjusted through a adjustment collar; the collar is hard-anodized to prevent thread stripping in to dusty conditions.

 HUDY Spring Steel™ Steering Turnbuckles

All turnbuckles in the 808 are manufactured from special HUDY Spring Steel™ material for turnbuckles, resulting in stronger turnbuckles with a tougher core. A handy turnbuckle tool is included.

With the narrow steering plate and narrow steering stands, the turnbuckles were properly resized and elongated. The relief steering ball-joints to provide a better fit into the wheels.

Newly-redesigned Big-Bore Shocks

Off-road performance depends very highly on perfectly-working shock absorbers. As such, all components and pieces of the 808 shocks were completely redesigned to obtain the best possible performance: shock bodies; pistons; shock cap; membranes; lower shock collar; rubber boots; internal shape; alu cap; springs.

The most significant improvement is the bore of the shocks, which was increased to allow for a higher volume of oil to flow for improved damping characteristics. The new big-bore shock pistons were designed and manufactured with a special molding process to ensure optimum tolerance and roundness of the pistons so that they move freely and very precisely inside the shock body.

The front and rear shocks can be mounted in multiple positions on the shocktowers and arms; these positions were thoroughly tested and analyzed both in virtual reality as well on the tracks to offer the widest possible range of shock positions. This guarantees sufficient suspension travel and best setup for either flat European-style tracks or large bumpy US-style tracks.

Shock Bodies

The oversized big-bore shocks feature 18.5mm outside diameter shock bodies, externally threaded with an adjustable collar for downstops adjustment. The shock bodies are hardcoated, and features a new 1-piece alu shock cap.

The large 15.3mm inner diameter of the shock bodies ensures proper and consistent shock oil flow through the perfectly-round pistons which move very precisely inside the smoothly-finished interior of the shock body. The result is more consistent damping characteristics of the shocks.

Shock Pistons 

The new big-bore pistons are manufactured from well-proven specially-formulated composite material to provide smoother action and durability. The well-proven molding production process is used to ensure perfect roundness of the pistons after production, so that the pistons will move perfectly inside the shock bodies for identical shock action in all four shocks.

Shock Membranes 

The new shock membranes are now wider to fit the new big-bore shocks. The material has been also improved to guarantee the same damping characteristics from the beginning of the race to the end even after excessive overloads.

Lower Shock Cap 

The lower shock assembly ensures that the shock rod will move very freely inside the shock body but at the same time will minimize oil leakage and keeping the dirt away. Two shock O-rings – manufactured from a superior silicone compound to allow ultra-free movement of the shock rod while still maintaining a tight seal – are installed in the lower part of the shock body and are secured with composite shims. The entire lower shock assembly is secured with the new lower aluminum shock cap which makes assembly/disassembly quick and easy. The aluminum lower cap features an internal protective “dust foam” which keeps the dirt out.

Shock Shafts

The shock shafts are thick and robust to ensure they will handle any abusive racing conditions and big jumps. The 3.5mm thick shock shafts are precisely machined from special high-tensile steel and afterwards are ground for a super-smooth surface to ensure very free and smooth movement of the shock shafts in the shock bodies.

XRAY Premium Silicone Oils

The 808 features the new XRAY Premium Silicone Oils manufactured in Europe by a specialized premium silicone oil manufacturer; these new oils were exclusively created for XRAY. Each batch of premium oil is laboratory tested and calibrated to ensure the highest possible consistency and quality batch-to-batch. Based on the industry-standard cSt rating, the new line of oils will be easy to identify, adjust, and feel.

When following any setup sheets by XRAY or XRAY team drivers, you can be sure that the oils you will get for your car will be exactly same as used by the factory racing team, thus ensuring very exacting setups and handling of the car.

Clutch System

The flywheel is CNC-machined from high-quality Swiss 7075 T6 aluminum. The clutch features three (3) lightweight 1.71g aluminum shoes and a set of hard clutch shoe springs. HUDY Spring Steel™ clutch nut is included, along with necessary shims and hardware. The flywheel brass collar is not included and is available with every engine supplier or optionally from XRAY.

Oversized Clutch Bearings

The 808 clutchbell features unique oversized ball-bearings designed and engineered by XRAY. Replacing the standard 5x10 bearings with balls of only size 1.3 mm, the oversized 808 clutch bearings are 5x12 with balls of size 2.0 mm and with extra-thick bearing walls. This translates to higher load carrying capabilities which will increase the life of the bearings and reduce the risk of clutch bearing failure during long final runs. The bearings come with special high-temperature resistant grease to ensure proper lubrication during high-revving engine operations and long runs. 

Engine Mounts

High-grade CNC-machined aluminum engine mounts are machined from lightweight alloy and help to dissipate engine heat. The engine mounts are easily adjustable from the bottom of the chassis to obtain proper gear mesh.

The engine mount is all newly designed, it is longer and goes up to the front engine bearing which provides higher reinforcement of the chassis in the longitudinal direction and in jumps will minimize the bending of the chassis between the clutchbell and spur gear.

Brake System

The XRAY 808 features the well-proven high-performance braking system that is so strong and precise and dependable that is makes slowing and stopping a profoundly exhilarating experience. Coupled with the car’s balanced load distribution, the extraordinary control imparted by the braking system give you complete confidence as you pitch the car into the corner.

XRAY focused on all of the smallest details when designing the brake system. The laser-cut, precision flat-ground ventilated steel brake disk allows fade-free braking in conjunction with the special high-grip Ferodo^?? brake pads installed on the laser-cut brake plates. The brake disk is small, slim, and very light. The precision hand-grinding allows true, wobble-free rotation. Brake inputs are transferred precisely to the brakes thanks to the rigid high-precision machined brake cams. Both brake disk and brake pads are specially heat-treated for maximum lifespan.

Fuel Tank and Air Filter

The fuel tank with integrated stone filter has a molded-in splashguard to protect the brakes from fuel spillage. The tank is mounted with rubber grommets to absorb vibration. Small composite holders secure thick 5.5mm silicone fuel tubing.

The smooth-flowing and efficient air filter is made from two parts. Air filter oil is included as standard. The universal rubber elbow allows fitment to most standard 1/8 buggy engines.

Anti-roll Bars

Anti-roll bars are included to stabilize the car at both front and rear and the 808 features new shorter anti-roll bars which also have a different angle to accommodate to mounting on the new suspension. The roll bars are easily mounted to the diff cases and can be adjusted through the adjustable linkages.

Both front and rear anti-roll bars have a thickness of 2.4mm.  Anti-roll bar wires of different thickness are optionally available for fine-tuning your setup.

Wing

The aerodynamic rear wing is molded from a very flexible yet virtually unbreakable composite mixture. All edges are reinforced at critical areas to prevent cracking or breakage. The rear wing holders are mounted firmly to the rear shock tower.  The rear wing holders offer many different wing-mounting positions for increased adjustability at different tracks.

New XRAY Body 

The 808 comes with the all-new XRAY lightweight racing body with all-new ultra-flat slick design. The area around the engine was specially redesigned to have the engine head to protrude outside of the body as much as possible to allow maximum cooling of the engine. The sides of the bodies have a tight fit to the sides of the car to minimize the amount of dirt entering the chassis. This also helps in wet conditions.

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