1. It is a good idea to run a successful business by keeping those on the waiting list informed
of anything special if there are -------.
(A) cancelled
(B) cancels
(C) cancellations
(D) canceling
해결방법
유도부사구문 there is/are 명사
따라서 정답은 명사인 cancellation
cancel meetings/schedules/reservations
회의/일정/예약을 취소하다
수동태의 경우
→ Reservations have been cancelled.
표현보기
It is 명사/형용사 to do sth
~하는 것이 ~하다.
run a successful business
성공적인 사업을 운영하다.
keep those (on the waiting list)
informed of anything
keep 목적어 + 형용사/분사/전치사+명사
informed of ~에 대해서 알고있는
on the waiting list 대기자 명단에 있는
2. Because of the long-term stagnation which is expected to last for a while, the value of the
nation's currency fell down ------.
(A) sharpen
(B) sharply
(C) sharp
(D) sharpness
해결방법
자동사인 fall의 과거형 fell이 있으므로 뒤에 부사인 sharply가 정답이다.
fell down sharply 급격하게 떨어지다.
increase sharply 급격하게 증가하다.
형용사인 경우
sharp increase/decrease 급격한 증가/감소
at 3 o'clock sharp 3시 정각에
sharpen
= to make something stronger
sharpen competition between the airlines
sharpened the debate
= to improve
sharpen my computer skills
표현보기
long term stagnation 장기간 침체
is expected to last for a while 잠시동안 지속될 것으로 기대되어지다.
the value of the nation's currency 국가통화의 가치
3. While you give a speech, be sure to speak
------ and look at the audience.
(A) clearly
(B) clearness
(C) clearing
(D) cleared
해결방법
앞에 나온 동사인 speak는 완전자동사로 뒤에 부사를
취한다. 따라서 정답은 clearly
speak softly/strictly/persuasively
작게/엄격하게/설득력 있게 말하다.
clear 형용사인 경우
It is clear that 주어+동사
clear understanding/introduction/explanation
확실한 이해/소개/설명
clear 동사인 경우
clear the table with plates
clear plates from the table
The jury cleared him of murder.
clear sth away ~을 치우다
My children are not very good at clearing away their toys.
명사
clearance 처분 clearance sale 처분세일
4. During the two-day marathon negotiation, those
from the management team have been very
------- in their effort to make the settlement
with the union in some aspects.
(A) persuasion
(B) persuasive
(C) persuaded
(D) persuasively
해결방법
앞에 have been이 있다. be 동사 뒤에 오는 것은 추상명사가 아닌 형용사이다. 따라서 persuasive가 정답
persuasive argument 설득력 있는 주장
He showed his personal opinion very persuasively during the discussion.
부사로서 타동사+목적어+부사
persuade 목적어 to do ~가 ~하는 것을 설득하다.
He was persuaded to apply for the promotion.
표현보기
two day marathon negotiation 이틀간의 마라톤 협상
in their effort to make the settlement 타협을 하려는 노력에 있어서
in some aspects 몇 가지 관점에서
5. As a result of increased competition, smaller
companies like us must ------- with lower
demand in the home shopping industry.
(A) replace
(B) contend
(C) group
(D) reward
해결방법
뒤에 온 전치사 with를 보면 동사는 자동사가 되어야 한다.
replace 타동사 ~ A with B A를 B로 교체하다
contend with 사람 for 사물 ~와 ~를 위해 경쟁하다
contend with a competitor for a championship
group with 잘 조화되다.
reward A with B A를 B로 보상하다.
reward employees with good incentives at the end of the year
연말에 직원들에게 상당한 인센티브로 보상하다.
따라서 의미상으로 뒤에 나온 lower demand와 어울리는 것은 contend with가 된다.
표현보기
As a result of increased competition 증가된 경쟁의 결과로서
contend with lower demand
더 낮은 수요와 맞서 싸워야 한다.
6. The business on several new locations has
been so profitable that the board of directors is
------ into entering those markets.
(A) searching
(B) looking
(C) watching
(D) viewing
해결방법
뒤에 전치사 into와 어울리는 것을 찾는다.
search for sth ~을 찾다.
look into = inspect ~을 찾다.
watch sth ~을 관찰하다.
view sth ~을 조망하다.
따라서 어울리는 것은 looking이 된다.
look at/for/into/over/to
표현보기
several new locations (several 복수명사)
so profitable that the board of directors is
( so 형용사 that 주어+동사)
profitable 수익이 많은, 유리한
enter markets 시장에 진입하다.
7. Because the reception is scheduled to begin
------ at 7:00, all catering employees should
arrive before 6:30.
(A) promptly
(B) occasionally
(C) recently
(D) especially
해결방법
부사 중 앞에 나온 동사와 어울리는 것을 찾는다.
begin promptly 즉각적으로 시작하다.
start/make payment promptly
start at promptly 3 o'clock
start the meeting at 3 prompt(sharp)
형용사인 경우
prompt payment/decision/reply
You must be prompt to do act.
동사인 경우
prompt 목적어 to do
His curiosity prompted him to ask questions.
명사 promptness
occasionally 종종, 가끔씩
recently 최근에
especially 특별히
표현보기
the reception is scheduled to begin
만찬회가 시작하기로 되어있기 때문에
all catering employees 연회직원들
8. Although the reviewer enjoyed the entire
publication, I considered the last part about the
main character's personal life struggles before
his death was ------- the best part of the
novel.
(A) definitive
(B) definite
(C) definitely
(D) defined
해결방법
같은 단어이므로 품사문제이다.
was --- the best part로 뒤에 나온 명사구를 앞에서 강조하는 것은 부사인 definitely가 된다.
형용사 definite plan/view/answer
with no definite objective in view = aimlessly
부사일 때
definitely = clearly, precisely, distinctly
The matter is not yet definitely settled.
define A as B A를 B로 규정하다
define one's attitude 태도를 확실히하다.
definition 정의
표현보기
reviewer 비평가
the entire publication 전체 출판물
character 등장인물
struggle 고생하다.
9. CAPs, one of the best security companies in
Korea, remains ------- to reviewing and
modifying security measures carefully on a
regular basis to ensure its customers' safety.
(A) committing
(B) committed
(C) commits
(D) commitment
해결방법
앞에 나온 remain은 2형식동사로서 형용사를
취한다. commit A to B (→ A is committed to B)
따라서 뒤에 전치사 to 가 바로 있으므로 committed
가 되어야 한다.
commit oneself/one's life to sth
The government need to commit itself to
improving health care.
We are committed to improving working conditions
by the end of the year.
명사일 때
her commitment to the company/environmental
protection
표현보기
one of the best security companies
최고 보안 회사중 하나
committed to reviewing and modifying security
measures
동명사 and 동명사 (병렬구조)
보안조치를 재검토하고 수정하는데 헌신적인
on a regular basis 정기적으로
to ensure its customers' safety
고객의 안전을 확실하게 하기 위해서
10. The company's new product was very -------
because it was considered practical and
convenient to use for all users.
(A) succeeding
(B) successive
(C) successful
(D) success
해결방법
품사문제로 앞에 was가 있으므로 추상명사는 동격이
되지 않으므로 형용사인 successful이 된다.
조심할 것은 형용사 successive는 (연속적인)의미가
다른 것이다.
successful business/sales people/project
It is successful that 주어+동사
successive
the team's fourth successive defeat
the third successive year
명사일 때 succession (to) 연속
A succession of scandals and revelations
in succession 연속해서
succeed to sth ~을 연속하다. 계승하다.
표현보기
is considered practical and convenient
실용적이며 편리한 것으로 고려되어진
consider A (as) B(명사/형용사)
A is considered (as) B(명사/형용사)
11. The manager has put a special memo on the
bulletin board requesting all employees to
------- out for any short or long breaks.
(A) phase
(B) fill
(C) sign
(D) rule
해결방법
모두 동사이므로 의미상으로 찾는다.
phase out 단계적으로 없애다
fill out 작성하다.
sign out for ~외출을 위해 서명하고 나가다.
rule out 배제하다. rule out any possibility
뒤에 휴식을 나타내는 breaks가 있으므로 바로 sign
out이 정답이다.
표현보기
on the bulletin board 게시판 위에
requesting all employees
requesting 앞에 나온 명사를 수식하는 현재분사이다.
12. The company's owned laboratory has recently
------- with the concept of enabling
technology so that it can be very pervasive
but not invasive.
(A) experiment
(B) experimented
(C) experimental
(D) experimenting
해결방법
앞에 나온 has recently를 보면 시제가 현재완료가 되는 것이다. 따라서 과거분사인 experimented가 정답
experiment with sth ~으로 실험하다.
experiment on sth~에 대해 실험하다.
Many scientists are conducting(carrying out)
experiments to test the effectiveness of the new drug.
As a teacher I'm experimenting with new teaching methods.
a. experimental
experimentation U.C
the opportunity for experimentation
표현보기
The company's owned laboratory회사소유의 실험실
concept 개념
pervasive 보급하는
invasive 침입하는
13. When working in an international company, it
is ------- to improve communication skills to
be more interactive with others.
(A) advice
(B) advising
(C) advise
(D) advisable
해결방법
뒤에 to 가 오는 것을 보면 is 다음에 오는 advise는 수동태 과거분사 advised나 형용사인 advisable이 되어야 하는데 주어가 가주어 it이므로 advisable이 되어야 한다.
Sb is advised to do
It is advisable to do/that 주어+동사
advise someone to do sth
Someone is advised to do sth
for advice on sth/for advising sb to do
When working 현재 분사구문
communication skills 의사소통 기술
interactive with ~과 상호적인
14. This previously unknown remote mountainside
village has come to largely ------- tourism
as one of the most important sources of
revenue since the introduction through TV.
(A) get in
(B) set aside
(C) stand for
(D) rely on
해결방법
의미상으로 해결해야 하는 문제이다. 뒤에 tourism이 있기 때문에 ‘의존하다’를 나타내는 rely on이 정답
rely heavily on sth ~에 지나치게 의존하다.
rely on = depend on, count on
reliable 믿을만한, reliant 의존적인 reliance 믿음
get in 타다
set aside 저축하다 set aside some money
stand for 상징하다
표현보기
previously 이전에
remote 멀리 떨어져 있는
as one of the most important sources of revenues
가장 중요한 수입원 중 하나로서
since the introduction through TV
TV를 통해서 소개된 이후로
15. Without having to spread risk across
everyone, the product could become more
--------.
(A) economics
(B) economical
(C) economically
(D) economic
해결방법
앞에 나온 2형식 동사인 become이 있으므로 형용사가 보어가 된다.
become economical 경제적이 되어지다
more economical on fuel
the most economical way of heating this building
vt. economize 절약하다
You could economize on food
economic = 경제의
economic situation/state/depression
= making a profit 이익이 남는
economist 경제학자
economics 경제학
economy 경제 fuel economy 연비
표현보기
without having to spread risk
위험을 확산시켜야 할 필요 없이
16. In the past five years, children's books
A
have always been our biggest seller, so I am
B C
particularly interested in providing with a good
D
selection to customers.
해결방법
D providing with에서 밑줄이 동사+전치사에 있으면 자동사인지 타동사인지를 묻는 문제이므로 타동사 provide 뒤에 있는 with 는 없어야 한다.
in/for/during/over the past five years 지난 과거 5년동안
have always been 현재완료를 취하는 부사인 in the past five years가 있어서 시제가 맞다.
so 그래서 therefore와 같이 앞뒤에 나온 문장에 대한 인과관계를 나타내는 것이다.
particularly interested ~에 특별히 관심이 있는
17. Thanks to the most highly advanced medical
A B
technology which has been introduced recently
doctors can confidently diagnosis symptoms of
C
diseases and prevent them.
D
해결방법
C 조동사 can 뒤에 있는 부사인 confidently는 눈을 가리기 위해서 나온 것으로 삭제하면 된다. 따라서 조동사 뒤에 본동사가 필요하므로 명사인 diagnosis는 동사인 diagnose로 해야 한다.
diagnose 진단하다.
The specialist diagnosed cancer.
n. diagnosis 진단
make an initial diagnosis 초기진단을 내리다.
Diagnosis of the disease 병 진단
a. diagnostic 진단의
diagnostic techniques/tests
thanks to = owing to, due to, on account of, because of, for
the most highly advanced medical technology
가장 발달한 의학기술
which has been introduced recently
최근에 소개되어진(관계대명사 절)
symptom of diseases 질병의 증상
prevent them 질병을 방지하다.
앞에 나온 명사인 diseases가 복수이므로 복수형인 them 이 온 것이다.
1. Because they are just in the internship period
we cannot expect -------- from the new
employees.
(A) perfectly
(B) perfect
(C) perfecting
(D) perfection
해결방법
타동사 expect 뒤에는 목적어 역할을 하는 명사가 필요하다. 따라서 perfection이 정답
expect perfection 완벽함을 기대하다.
perfect a. 완전한 vt. 숙달시키다.
perfect condition 완전한 조건
perfect oneself in ~ ~에 숙달시키다.
perfection in 명사
in the internship period 인턴과정 중에 있는
2. With a beautiful view of mountains and lakes
around the building, we provide the perfect
exercise facility available -------- to our
members.
(A) excluded
(B) exclusion
(C) exclusive
(D) exclusively
해결방법
앞에 형용사인 available 이 있으므로 뒤에 오는 것은 형용사를 수식하는 부사인 exclusively가 정답이다.
exclude 배제하다.
exclude A from B A를 B로부터 배제하다.
exclude a person from membership 회원에서 제명하다.
exclusively
work exclusively in service industry
with a view of mountains and lakes 산과 호수의 전망을 가지고
exercise facility 운동시설
available to ~에게 이용가능한
3. Most of the individual and corporate investors
show strong interest in real estate investments
which are often ------ even in times of
economic difficulty.
(A) profiting
(B) profitable
(C) profited
(D) profiteers
해결방법
be 동사인 are 뒤에는 형용사가 와야 한다. 따라서 profitable 이 정답이다.
profitable = lucrative, paying
a profitable business 이운이 남는 사업
individual and corporate investors 개인과 기업투자자들
real estate investment 부동산 투자
in times of economic difficulty 경제적으로 어려운 시기에
4. To hold ------ for tickets all airline users are
asked to give valid credit card numbers.
(A) reservations
(B) reserving
(C) to reserve
(D) reserved
해결방법
앞에 온 동사인 hold 는 타동사로 뒤에 목적어를 필요로 한다. 따라서 명사인 reservations이 정답이다.
hold reservations 예약을 보유하다
make/cancel/confirm/forfeit a reservation
예약하다/ 최소하다/ 확인하다/ 상실하다
valid 타당한, 유효한
5. This plan has recently ------- very strong
opposition from the union members because it
means lower salary but more working hours.
(A) face
(B) faced
(C) facing
(D) faced with
해결방법
타동사 face가 현재완료시제가 된 것이다. 뒤에 목적어 역할을 하는 명사인 opposition이 있으므로 바로 능동인 faced를 쓰면 된다. have recently faced
face sth = be faced with sth ~에 직면하다.
strong opposition 강한 반대
mean 의미하다.
lower salary 더 적은 봉급
6. Many industrial engineers move into
management positions because the work is
closely ------- to their areas.
(A) related
(B) relate
(C) relation
(D) relationship
해결방법
relate A to B에서 수동태로 바꾸면
A is related to B된다. 따라서 부사인 closely 뒤에 과거분사인 related가 오는 것이다.
management position 경영직
relation 관계 relation between A and B
establish a friendly/cooperative relationship
우호적인/협력적인 관계를 설립하다.
7. Our time was spent ------ with lots of things
to remember and all attendees showed positive
impression and also hope to have another
program next year.
(A) productively
(B) production
(C) productive
(D) productivity
해결방법
품사문제로 앞에 was spent로 be동사+과거분사가 있으므로 뒤에 수식하는 부사가 온다. 따라서 productively가 정답
productive seminar/meeting 생산적인 세미나/희의
production level/costs/time 생산수치/비용/시간
productivity 생산성
the highest productivity 가장 높은 생산성
positive 긍정적인
8. The senior manager surprisingly was charged
with a conspiracy that he sold his company's
confidential information since he had been
closely ------ with the company's competitors
(A) united
(B) associated
(C) blended
(D) instigated
해결방법
문장해석을 통해서 풀어야 하는 어휘문제
associate A with B
be associated with sth ~과 관련되다.
unit 통합하다 blend 섞다
instigate 선동하다
be charged with ~으로 기소되다
conspiracy 음모
confidential information 기밀정보
competitor 경쟁자
해석상으로 ‘회사 경쟁자와 긴밀하게 연관되었었다‘라고 해야 하므로 정답은 associated 가 된다.
9. Under the guideline, the laundry items left in
the neighborhood that are ------- after a
couple of days will be discarded.
(A) rejected
(B) declined
(C) neglected
(D) unclaimed
해결방법
어휘문제
앞에 the laundry items (세탁물)이 있으며 뒤에 after a couple of days로 인해 2~3일 후 주인이 없는 체로 남겨진‘이라고 하는 의미가 되는 것으로 정답은 unclaimed가 된다.
claim 주장하다( 책임이나 소유 등)
claim responsibility of car bombing
reject, decline 거절하다
neglect 게을리 하다, 신경 쓰지 않다
under the guideline 가인드라인 하에
will be discarded 버려질 것이다
10. Bank of America encourages workers at all
levels to ------ the seminar on better
schedule management so that they can
develop flexible working hours.
(A) apply
(B) participate
(C) attend
(D) go
해결방법
바로 뒤에 나온 명사인 seminar를 목적어로 취하는 타동사를 찾는 문제이다.
apply for 지원하다 (뒤에 전치사 for가 있어야 한다)
participate in = take part in 참석하다
go to
attend 타동사로서 뒤에 바로 명사가 온다. 따라서
정답은 attend가 된다
encourage 목적어 to do ~가 ~하는 것을 격려하다
encourage workers at all levels to attend the seminar 모든 직급의 일꾼들이 세미나에 참석하도록 격려하다
at all levels 모든 직급의
so that 주어 can/may ~하기 위해(목적을 나타낸다)
flexible working hours 탄력적인 근무시간
11. Last night a lot of TV viewers had complaints
because the program for the crucial soccer
match were frequently ------.
(A) disrupted
(B) disrupting
(C) disrupt
(D) disruptive
해결방법
앞에 were frequently라는 be동사+부사'이므로 뒤에 오는 동사는 ing/ed를 붙인 분사가 되어야 한다. 따라서 '중단시키다' 타동사 disrupt는 목적어가 없기때문에 수동태 과거분사인 disrupted가 정답이다.
v. disrupt n. disruption cause disruption of motorists
a. disruptive disruptive influence
disrupt the city's transport system 도시의 수송시스템을 중단시키다.
viewer 시청자
complaint불만
crucial 중요한 soccer match축구경기
frequently 자주
12. The company's new executive director has not
yet been -------, but the number of the
applicants has been reduced to just two.
(A) choice
(B) chose
(C) choose
(D) chosen
해결방법
타동사 choose에 대한 목적어가 뒤에 오질 않았기 때문에 수동태인 has not yet been chosen이 된다. 이 때 명사인 choice를 쓰지 않는다.
choose sth from sth ~로부터 ~를 고르다
choose between A and B
choose A as B A를 B로서 선택하다.
n. choice
have no choice but to 동사원형 ~이외에는 선택의 여지가 없다.
executive director 전무이사
applicants지원자
reduce줄이다 reduce(= narrow down) A to B A를 B로 줄이다.
13. At the orientation all new students are
required to ------- their particular interest in
study by filling out simple forms.
(A) indicate
(B) appoint
(C) scrutinize
(D) survey
해결방법
동사의 의미차이 구별하기
indicate가리키다. 지적하다
indicate economic recovery 경기회복을 가리키다
appoint 지명하다 appoint sb to sth~를 ~로 지명하다
scrutinize 조사하다. = inspect, look into
survey여론조사하다. n. 여론조사
뒤에 나온 목적어 역할을 하는 their particular interest가 있어서 어울리는 것은 그들의 특별한 관심을 표시하다'가 되어야 하므로 정답은 indicate가 된다.
at the orientation 오리엔테이션에서
be required to 동사원형 ~할 것을 요구받다
by filling out simple forms 간단한 서류를 작성하는 것에 의해서
14. As described above, each document in the
results list should be accompanied ------ an
identification code and other descriptors.
(A) to
(B) with
(C) of
(D) by
해결방법
타동사인 accompany가 수동태가 된 것으로 뒤에 오는 전치사 찾기
accompany A by B - A is accompanied by B
A는 B가
11. Last night a lot of TV viewers had complaints
because the program for the crucial soccer
match were frequently ------.
(A) disrupted
(B) disrupting
(C) disrupt
(D) disruptive
해결방법
앞에 were frequently라는 be동사+부사'이므로 뒤에 오는 동사는 ing/ed를 붙인 분사가 되어야 한다. 따라서 '중단시키다' 타동사 disrupt는 목적어가 없기때문에 수동태 과거분사인 disrupted가 정답이다.
v. disrupt n. disruption cause disruption of motorists
a. disruptive disruptive influence
disrupt the city's transport system 도시의 수송시스템을 중단시키다.
viewer 시청자
complaint불만
crucial 중요한 soccer match축구경기
frequently 자주
12. The company's new executive director has not
yet been -------, but the number of the
applicants has been reduced to just two.
(A) choice
(B) chose
(C) choose
(D) chosen
해결방법
타동사 choose에 대한 목적어가 뒤에 오질 않았기 때문에 수동태인 has not yet been chosen이 된다. 이 때 명사인 choice를 쓰지 않는다.
choose sth from sth ~로부터 ~를 고르다
choose between A and B
choose A as B A를 B로서 선택하다.
n. choice
have no choice but to 동사원형 ~이외에는 선택의 여지가 없다.
executive director 전무이사
applicants지원자
reduce줄이다 reduce(= narrow down) A to B A를 B로 줄이다.
13. At the orientation all new students are
required to ------- their particular interest in
study by filling out simple forms.
(A) indicate
(B) appoint
(C) scrutinize
(D) survey
해결방법
동사의 의미차이 구별하기
indicate가리키다. 지적하다
indicate economic recovery 경기회복을 가리키다
appoint 지명하다 appoint sb to sth~를 ~로 지명하다
scrutinize 조사하다. = inspect, look into
survey여론조사하다. n. 여론조사
뒤에 나온 목적어 역할을 하는 their particular interest가 있어서 어울리는 것은 그들의 특별한 관심을 표시하다'가 되어야 하므로 정답은 indicate가 된다.
at the orientation 오리엔테이션에서
be required to 동사원형 ~할 것을 요구받다
by filling out simple forms 간단한 서류를 작성하는 것에 의해서
14. As described above, each document in the
results list should be accompanied ------ an
identification code and other descriptors.
(A) to
(B) with
(C) of
(D) by
해결방법
타동사인 accompany가 수동태가 된 것으로 뒤에 오는 전치사 찾기
accompany A by B - A is accompanied by B
A는 B가
15. If you have any concerns or problems with
our products please ------- your nearest
dealer without hesitation.
(A) convey
(B) conform
(C) connect
(D) contact
해결방법
뒤에 나온 your nearest dealer를 확인할 것
dealer딜러상이라는 목적어 역할을 하는 명사가 있으므로 어울리는 동사는 '연락하다'를 나타내는 contact이 된다 .contact = call/ speak with
convey 나르다. 의견을 전달하다
conform 순응하다 (to) = abide by, comply with, follow
conform to the regulations 규제를 따르다
connect 연결하다
concern 관심, 걱정거리
problems with our products우리 제품과 관련된 문제
without hesitation 주저없이
16. Rates on hotel rooms during the slow season
------- by fifty percent to attract tourists.
(A) reduces
(B) reducing
(C) is reduced
(D) are reduced
해결방법
동사의 문장내의 역할을 묻는 문제이다.
앞에 나온 명사인 Rates는 주어역할을 하며 문장내에서 서술어 기능을 하는 동사가 밑줄자리를 제외하고는 없다. 따라서 동사이며 타동사 reduce에 대한 목적어가 없이 뒤에 전치사인 by가 있으므로 수동태인 are reduced가 정답이다. 주어가 복수인 것을 마지막으로 확인할 것.
rate요금 during the slow season 비수기동안
by 차이를 나타내는 전치사
to attract tourists관광객을 끌기위해서
17. We are sorry to announce that services at the
downtown location will be disrupted for the
next two months because the lobby is ------.
(A) renovating
(B) being renovated
(C) renovation
(D) been renovated
해결방법
renovate는 '수리하다'를 나타내는 타동사로서 문장 속에서 서술어 기능을 하는데 뒤에 목적어가 없다. 따라서 수동태를 나타내며 수동태 진행형인 is being renovated가 정답이다.
수동태 진행형 = be being + Ved
renovation n. 수리 under extensive renovation 대대적인수리중에 있는
are sorry to announce 발표하게 되어서 유감이다
at the downtown locaiton 시내지점에서
will be disrupted 중단될 것이다
for the next two months다음 두 달 동안
18. The development of improved plant varieties
and fertilizers has helped farmers to double
and even ------- the yield.
(A) third
(B) triple
(C) tripled
(D) three
해결방법
앞에 등위 접속사인 and를 볼 것
and 앞뒤는 병렬구조를 만들기 때문에 바로 앞에 있는 to double을 보면 to 부정사인 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 and다음에 to가 생략된 동사원형인 triple이 정답이다.
the development of improved plant varities and fertilizers 개선된 다양한 식물과 비료의 개발
help farmers to double and triple the yield 농부들이 수확을 두 배 세 배 증가시키는 것을 돕다
19. Computer technology is ------- in almost all
occupations, so having a background in
computer science will give you a range of
skills that can be used in any job.
(A) utilization
(B) utility
(C) utilizing
(D) utilized
해결방법
be동사인 is다음에 오는 것은 바로 타동사인 utilize(사용하다)는 수동태 과거분사이다. 따라서 utilized
The vitamins come in a form which is easily utilized by the body.
n. utilization
Sensible utilization of the world's resources
utility bill공공요금
in almost all occupations 거의 모든 직업에서
having a background in computer science컴퓨터 과학에 배경지식을 가지는 것
a range of skills광범위한 기술
in any job어는 직업이든지
20. Although medical supplies are running shortly
A B
because of the ongoing pharmaceutical
C
company workers' strike, we can not do
anything at all at this moment.
D
21. All guests are reminded to register in advance
A B
if they would like to attend to tomorrow's
C
lecture on the environmental damage in the
D
conference room on the second floor.
22. Despite the many hours spent in carefully
A B
planning, that draft still contains major errors
C
that need correcting immediately.
D
23. The historical institute owns the largest
A B
collection of pre-industrial Japanese tools and
C
manufacturing equipments in Europe.
D
1. At the annual conference taking place for two
days next month, several ministerial officials
are expected to ------- all attendees on
impacts of illegal immigration on the
unemployment rate.
(A) tell
(B) notify
(C) inform
(D) brief
해결방법
뒤에 오는 어휘를 통해서 정답찾기
tell(notify/inform) sb about/of sth 뒤에 전치사 about/of가 온다
brief sb on sth 뒤에 전치사 on이 온다. 따라서 all attendees on impacts가 있으므로 정답은 brief이다.
annual conference 연례총회
taking place 열리는
official 관리
be expected to 동사원형 '~하기로 기대되다'
attendee참석자
impact 충격 immigration 이민, 이주
unemployment rate 실업률
2. The most successful bank is considering
-------- all clients of the fee increase of
approximately three percent next month and we
expect clients will have complaints.
(A) noticing
(B) notifying
(C) briefing
(D) explaining
해결방법
뒤에 나온 all clients of the fee increase를 확인할 것
notify + 사람 목적어 + of 명사
나머지 notice는 사물명사가 목적어로 나오며 brief는 사람 on 사물
explain은 사람 앞에 전치사 to가 오는 타동사이다. 따라서 정답은 notifying이다.
notice = see, observe
the most successful bank 가장 성공적인 은행
consider + 동명사 '~할 것을 고려하다'
client고객
fee increase 수수료인상
approximately three percent 대략 3퍼센트
complaint불만
3. The projected profits provided by the contract
conditions with the world third largest
software provider are significant enough to
------- the cost of new factory expansion
project.
(A) join
(B) justify
(C) deprive
(D) return
해결방법
뒤에 나온 the cost of new factory expansion project(공장확장사업 비용)를 보기
join 가입하다
justify정당화하다
deprive 빼앗다 deprive A of B (B에게서 A를 빼앗다)
return반환하다
따라서 뒤에 나온 the cost와 어울리는 것은(비용을 정당화하다) justify가 된다.
the projected profits 예상된 수익
provided by수동태 과거분사로 수식어 역할 ~에 의해 제공된
the contract conditioin 계약조건
significant enough 충분히 큰(형/부사+ enough + to 동사원형)
4. In the midst of summer months, the
temperature soared up to 36 degrees of
celsius so that people spent more ------ cool
drinks in the past two months than for the last
five months.
(A) by
(B) on
(C) to
(D) in
해결방법
전치사 문제로 앞에 나온 동사 spent를 볼 것
spend 시간/돈 on 명사 or spend 시간/돈 (in) 동명사
따라서 뒤에 명사가 오는지 동명사(Ving)가 오는지가 포인트이다.
뒤에 cool drinks가 있기때문에 정답은 on이다.
in the midst of summer months 여름철 한창 때
temperature 기온, 온도
soar오르다
up to 36 degrees of celsius 섭씨 36도까지
so that people spent more on cool drinks 그래서 사람들이 음료수에 더 많은 돈을 썼다
in the past two months 지난 2개월동안
than for the last five months 지난 5개월보다
앞 문장에서 비교급이 있어서 than이 온 것임
5. As of next week, we at the purchasing
department will ------- revised ordering
procedures, so if you have any questions
please do not hesitate to contact us by either
email or phone.
(A) notify
(B) notice
(C) install
(D) implement
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사와 어울리는 동사를 찾기
revised ordering procedures 개정된 주문 절차
규정, 절차등을 시행하다'라는 의미로 쓰이는 동사는 implement이다.
install설치하다 have a printer installed 프린터를 설치하다
as of next week다음 주부터(as of = from)
at the purchaing department 구매부서에서
do not hesitate to contact us우리에게 연락하는 것을 주저하지 마라.
by either email or phone 이메일이나 전화로 (either A or B)
6. The Pacific Rim trade discussions concluded
A B
with the delegates completely support the call
C
for lower tariffs.
D
7. As of September 3 the new passenger trains
A
will run at 80 miles per hour, expected to save
B C
about 15 minutes of arriving time between
D
Boston and Portland.
1. Many of the teachers and students are
expected ------- at the school later than
usual due to temporary closure of the bridge.
(A) arriving
(B) that arrive
(C) arrived
(D) to arrive
해결방법
앞에 나온 are expected는 expect에 대한 수동태구문이다. 즉, expect 목적어 to 동사원형'이 수동태인 [주어+be expected to 동사원형]으로 된 것이므로 정답은 to arrive가 된다.
arrive 자동사 도착하다.
arrive on time/early/late 제 시간에 /일찍/늦게 도착하다
n. arrival 도착 arrival time 도착시간 departure and arrival 출국과 도착
many of the teachers and students선생님과 학생들 중 많은 사람들
later than usual 평상시보다 늦게 (비교급)
due to temporary closure of the bridge 다리의 일시적 폐쇄때문에
2. When finding the prices ------- raised without
any good reason a consumer group decided to
make a legal action until they see satisfactory
measures taken.
(A) unfair
(B) was unfair
(C) unfairly
(D) unfairness
해결방법
뒤에 나온 과거분사인 raised를 수식하는 부사찾기
finding the prices raised에서 [동사+목적어+분사]로 5형식 구문인 것을 알 수있다. 따라서 과거분사인 raised는 현재분사/과거분사르 수식하는 부사를 앞에 취한다. '부당하게'라는 unfairly가 정답이다.
다른 표현 be unfairly treated 부당하게, 공평하지 않게 대접받다
When finding the prices unfairly raised 부당하게 가격이 인상된 것을 발견했을 때
without any good reason 어떠한 타당한 이유없이
consumer group 소비자 단체
make a legal action 법적 행동을 하다.
until they see satisfactory measures taken 그들이 만족할 만한 조치가 취해진 것을 볼 때까지
see measures taken (see 목적어 과거분사 )
3. I found this special program about
environmental change -------- to most of the
TV viewers irrespective of age and sex.
(A) interested
(B) interesting
(C) uninterested
(D) interests
해결방법
동사인 found다음에 목적어로 명사구인 this special program다음에 전치사 about부터 명사 change까지를 생략해본다. 따라서 found this ~ program --------임을 알 수 있어서 목적보어 역할을 하는 분사를 찾으면 된다. 그럼 목적어에 사물명사인 program이 있으므로 현재분사인 interesting이 정답이다.
interesting/exciting/overwhelming/fascinating/frustrating/encouraging/discouraging/disappointing등은 사물을 수식하면 능동형인 현재분사가 되는 것을 확인할 것
uninterested무관심한 (목적어가 사람이며 수동적인 경우)
environmental change환경변화
most of TV viewers시청자 대부분
irrespective of age and sex 남녀 노소를 막론하고
4. Once customers have membership for more
than 3 years, we will ------- them with all
products at considerably discounted prices as
well as free delivery.
(A) offer
(B) provide
(C) equip
(D) replace
해결방법
ABCD에 나온 동사들 중 them with all products형태를 보아 사람목적어 다음에 전치사 with가 오는 것을 고르기.
따라서 제공동사를 찾아야 한다 .( provide, supply, present, furnish 사람 목적어 + with + 사물명사)
정답은 바로 provide가 된다. them = customers고객
offer는 give, grant, show등과 함께 4형식 동사로 offer them all products가 되어야 하므로 틀림
equip A with B로 뒤에 with가 오지만 A를 B로 설치하다'라고 하는 의미가 되어서 them이라는 사람을 나타내는 목적어와 어울리지 않는다.
replace A with B(A를 B로 교체하다)
once ~ 일단 ~한다면
membership회원권
at considerably discounted prices 상당하게 할인된 가격으로
as well as free delivery 무료배달뿐만아니라
5. The flight to New York from Los Angeles was
delayed for 20 minutes because one of the
passengers had been asked ------- reseated.
(A) to be
(B) being
(C) been
(D) will be
해결방법
ABCD에서 나온 것은 동명사인지 to부정사인지를 묻는 것이다. 앞에 나온 had been asked를 보면
ask 목적어 to 동사원형에서 수동태가 된 것임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 주어+be asked to 동사원형'으로 형태가 바뀐 것으로 정답은 to be가 된다.
이 때 뒤에 온 reseat는 원래 seat라는 타동사때문에 reseat도 타동사임을 알 수 있다. 뒤에 목적어 역할을 하는 명사가 없으므로 to 부정사의 수동태인 (to be 과거분사) to be seated가 된 것이다.
flight to New York 뉴욕행 항공편
was delayed for 20 minutes 20분간 지연되었다.
one of the passengers 승객들 중 한 명
6. Customers who make cash withdrawals ------
when using any ATM, automatic teller machine,
must be very cautious not to leave any
personal information written on a slip.
(A) frequent
(B) frequently
(C) frequence
(D) frequency
해결방법
앞에 나온 make cash withdrawals(현금인출을 하다)는 타동사+목적어'로 3형식으로 완전하다. 그럼 완전한 문장에서 올 수 있는 것은 부사이므로 frequently가 정답
make withdrawals frequently자주 인출하다.
frequent questions/visit 빈번한 질문/방문
frequence = frequency 빈번함, 주파수
automatic teller machine자동지급기
must be very cautious 아주조심해햐 한다.
not to leave any personal information 어떠한 개인 정보도 남기지 않기 위해서
written on a slip 용지에 적힌(written은 수동태 과거분사로 information을 수식)
7. We regret to inform you that we have to
discontinue providing electricity to you unless
overdue payment is ------ by next week.
(A) remitted
(B) remittance
(C) remitting
(D) remittal
해결방법
앞에 나온 is뒤에는 명사(추상명사 불가), 형용사가 보어역할을 한다. 따라서 remittance는 틀리며 타동사인 remit은 뒤에 전치사 by가 바로 있기 때문에 수동태 과거분사인 remitted가 정답이다.
remit money to a bank account 돈을 계좌에 송금하다.
remittance 송금
regret to inform you that ~ that이하를 당신에게 알리게 되어서 유감이다.
have to discontinue providing electricity전기를 공급하는 것을 중단해야 한다.
discontinue + 동명사
unless (if ~ not) ~하지 않는다면
overdue payment 연체료
8. The merger of banks will have positive effect on business, creating remarkably profitable
business opportunities for small and
medium-sized banks which have consistently
high customer --------.
(A) satisfactorily
(B) satisfactory
(C) satisfaction
(D) satisfying
해결방법
품사문제로 앞에 나온 명사인 customer를 확인할 것.
customer는 고객'으로 가산명사이다. 즉, 가산명사는 단복수를 확실하게 해야 하는데 앞에 a(n), the라는 관사가 업는데 복수인 customers라고 하질 않았다. 이것은 바로 '명사+명사'인 복합명사임을 나타내는 것이다. 따라서 정답은 명사인 satisfaction이 된다. customer satisfactoin 고객만족
keep customers satisfied/have the results satisfactory등과 구분하자. customers가 복수형으로 뒤에는 형용사 역할을 하는 것이 온다.
merger of banks 은행간 합병
positive effects on business경영에 긍정적인 영향
creating remarkably profitable business opportunities 놀랄만큼 수익성있는 사업기회를 만드는
이 문장은 분사구문으로 앞 문장(the merger ~ on business)이 완전한 문장이므로 분사구문으로 쓰여 뒤에 목적어가 있어 능동형 현재분사이 creating이 된 것이다.
smalll and midium sized banks 중소은행
consistently지속적으로
9. Each lens should be made separately because
A B
it must match the prescription as well as exact
C D
fit the patient's eye.
10. Plastic is now much more versatile and
flexible than any other material that it has
A B
been the most preferred means; otherwise it
C
will result in many environmental problems.
D
1. We have to ------ prompt and effective
actions because papers of proofing are being
returned quite late these days.
(A) take
(B) do
(C) make
(D) place
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사와 어울리는 동사찾기
뒤에 prompt and effective actions가 있으므로 정답은 take이다.
take actions/measures조치를 취하다
take steps 단계를 밟다.
do homework/housechores/the dishes/research일에 관련된 것은 do
do business with sth ~와 거래하다
make presentations/reservations/a speech/confirmtion 만들다의 의미에는 make
place ~을 두다 place an order/advertisement 주문하다/광고하다.
prompt and effective 즉각적이고 효과적인
papers of proofing 입증서류
are being returned quite late아주 늦게 반납되어지다.
these days요즈음
2. Those who find their items defective or
malfunctioning are advised to ------- with a
customer service representative without any
hesitation.
(A) contact
(B) access
(C) speak
(D) interest
해결방법
뒤에 전치사 with가 있으므로 자동사가 필요
contact the nearest dealer/us 타동사( keep in contact with 처럼 명사일 경우 with가 온다)
access 이용하다. 접근하다'의 타동사 (have direct access to information 명사일 경우 to 가 온다)
interest관심을 끌다. 타동사 (have interest in sth 명사일 경우 뒤에 전치사 with온다/수동태일 경우 포함)
speak with/to/of/about 자동사로서 뒤에 전치사가 따라온다.
정답은 speak
Those who find (those이하는 수식어구가 옴)
find their items defective or malfunctioning 그들 제품이 결함이 있거나 제 기능을 밝휘하지 않는 것을 알다
are advised to speak with a ~ representative 서비스직원과 얘기할 것을 조언받다.
without any hesitation 주저없이
3. In case of any missing luggage, those boarding
the flight are advised to ------- their address
label securely to their items otherwise airline
companies do not have any responsibility for
disappearance.
(A) allot
(B) attach
(C) allocate
(D) accrue
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사와 어울리는 동사찾기
their address label securely '그들 주소 레벨을 확실하게' 어울리는 동사는 '부착하다'을 나타내는 attach가 된다. attach(affix) A to B A를 B에 부착하다
allot = allocate할당하다. 나누어주다 n. allotment, allocation
accrue 증가하다. (이익, 이자, 빚 등)
accrue profits/debts/interest
in case of any missing luggage 분실문이 발생한 경우에
those boarding the flight 탑승하는 사람들
securely 확실하게
otherwise 그렇지 않으면, 다른 한 편으로
responsibility for disappearance 분실에 대한 책임
4. After participating in a two-week training
session all of the participants agreed that it
could help ------- their knowledge and
expertise in many areas.
(A) broaden
(B) broader
(C) broadly
(D) broad
해결방법
품사문제로 앞에 나온 동사와 뒤에 나온 명사 사이에 오는 것 찾기
help + (to)동사원형 명사 help 가 동사로 쓰일 때
could라는 조동사 뒤에 오는 help는 동사이다. 따라서 뒤에 their knowledge라는 명사를 목적어로 취하는 것은 동사인 broaden 이 된다. broaden knowledge 지식을 넓히다. 형용사 broad를 쓰면 틀림 broadly 부사
participation 참석
a two-week training session 2주간 교육과정
all of the participants agreed that ~ 모든 참석자들이 that이하를 동의했다.
expertise전문적 식견
in many areas많은 분야에서
5. Enclosed is the information requested by the
managers to help ------- evaluate job
performance of their department members
without any bias against particular persons.
(A) themselves
(B) they
(C) their
(D) them
해결방법
인칭 대영사의 격 문제
타동사 help 다음에 목적어 역할을 하는 것은 목적격인 them과 재귀대명사인 themselves가 있는데 재귀대명사는 주어와 일치해야 한다. 즉, 이 문장에서 the information 이므로 목적격인 them 이 되어야 한다.
help them evaluate performance of their department members 그들 부서직원들의 업무능력을 평가하는데 도움이 되다
Enclosed과거분사로 도치구문이다. (원래 문장은 The information is enclosed ~가 되는 것이다) 주어에 수식어구가 많고 과거분사를 강조하기 위해서 쓰임
requested by the managers 부장들에 의해서 요구된 requested는 앞 명사인 information을 수식함
without any bias편견없이 against particular persons특정인에 대해
6. The president may ------- the distribution of
tickets for every performance this year at
significantly lower rates to the registered
members for promotional purposes.
(A) authorize
(B) access
(C) persuade
(D) instigate
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사인 the distribution of tickets(티켓 배분)와 어울리는 동사 찾기
authorize허가하다. 인가하다 뒤에 나온 distribution가 어울린다. 정답
access 사용하다. 이용하다. 접근하다. access information/files
persuade 설득하다. 뒤에 사람이 목적어로 나옴 persuade 사람 to 동사원형
instigate선동하다. 야기시키다. = provoke, stir ( ~ strike 파업을 선동하다)
every performance 모든 공연
at significantly lower rates 훨씬 더 낮은 요금으로 rates 가산명사로 앞에 관사없으므로 복수형
registered members 등록한 멤버들
for promotional purposes 홍보을 목적으로
7. Every member can use the form below to let
us ------ of any suggestions or comments he
or she has for this program management.
(A) know
(B) to know
(C) knowing
(D) known
해결방법
앞에 나온 사역동사인 let을 확인 할 것
let 목적어 + 동사원형
정답은 know 가 된다. let us know of any suggestions
use the form below 아래에 있는 양식을 이용하다
any suggestions or comments어떤 제안이던지 발언
he or she has 는 목적격 관계대명사가 생략된 뒤 문장이다. 즉, 앞에 나온 suggestions or comments가 선행사임
management 경영, 관리
8. Because of the unexpected conflicting schedule
it is likely that I will be unable to ------- the
appointment with some local clients this
Saturday.
(A) meet
(B) come
(C) carry
(D) keep
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사와 어울리는 동사 찾기
the appointment with some local clients 몇 몇 지역 고객과의 약속
약속을 지키다'는 keep a promise/appointment
make a promise/appointment 약속하다
because of the unexpected conflicting schedule 예상되지 않은 겹치는 일정때문에
it is likely that I will be unable to keep 약속을 지킬 수 없을 것 같다.
carry 나르다. carry out 실행하다
9. Those who ------- wages of less than $5 per
hour should be defined as low-wage workers
according to the labor law and many non-profit
organizations demand government prompt and
effective measures be taken.
(A) earn
(B) catch
(C) gain
(D) win
해결방법
뒤 명사와 어울리는 동사 찾기
wages 임금 earn wages 임금을 벌다. earn reputation 명성을 얻다.
catch 잡다. catch attention/ interest관심을 끌다. = attract, draw
gain 얻다. gain reputation/one's living 생계비를 벌다
win prizes/lottery샹을 타다/복권에 당첨되다
less than $ 5 per hour시간당 5달러 이하
be defined as low wage workers (define A as B) 저임금 근로자로서 정의되다. 규정되다
according to the labor law 노동법에 따라
non-profit organization 비영리 단체
demand 요구하다
prompt and effective measure should be taken 즉각적이고 효과적인 조치가 치해져야 한다.
10. Many experts fear that any increase in
long-term loan rates could ------- national
economic recovery in the foreseeable future.
(A) refer
(B) curb
(C) agree
(D) dismiss
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사인 national economic recovery (국가 경제 회복)과 어울리는 동사는 '막다, 억제하다'를 나타내는 curb이다.
refer 언급하다. 데리고 가다 refer to A as B(A를 B로서 보다)
dismiss 해고하다. = fire, sack let sb go
Many experts fear that ~ that이하를 많은 전문가들이 두려워한다
in long-term loan rates장기 융자율/이자율
in the foreseeable future 가까운 장래에
11. In an effort to ------- congestion and
pollution problems, a new program has been
recently launched by the municipal
government.
(A) lift
(B) alleviate
(C) elevate
(D) complicate
해결방법
뒤에 나온 명사인 congestion and pollution problems와 어울리는 것을 찾기
lift 올리다. 거두다 lift curtain/lift economic sanction 경제 재제 조치를 풀어주다
alleviate 어려움이나 고통을 완화시키다. = ease 따라서 뒤에 목적어가 문제점이 나왔으므로 정답은 alleviate이다.
elevate 올리다. 상승시키다. elevator, elevation
complicate 복잡하게 하다. complication, complicated 복잡한
in an effort to alleviate congestion and pollution problems 교통체증과 오염문제을 완화시키고자 하는 노력에 있어서
has been recently launched 최근들어서 착수되어졌다. launch타동사로서 수동태가 됨
by the municipal government 시정부에 의해서 municipal 시의
12. Because not all vehicles are thought to be
suitable for use every driver should ------
proper vehicle permission.
(A) attach
(B) append
(C) obtain
(D) affirm
13. The annual charitable contributions by the
Saint Luise Fund to some local and federal
organizations already ------ five million
dollars this year.
(A) conducted
(B) exceeded
(C) indicated
(D) founded
14. The complaint submitted by office workers
indicates that new uniforms do not -------
them properly so that both style and color
should be changed.
(A) put
(B) take
(C) meet
(D) fit
15. Internet related businesses throughout the
world nowadays ------- as the most
profitable and prevailing industry among
others.
(A) reveal
(B) emerge
(C) cause
(D) release
16. With no audio-video equipment for the
presentation available, the architect will
------- the layout briefly during the
conference.
(A) dispel
(B) detect
(C) describe
(D) device
17. To make you better understand what the
picture explains, the line-graph is used to
------- a significant rise in profits over the
last three years.
(A) determine
(B) illustrate
(C) consider
(D) account
18. One of the great accomplishments is that our
team have recently ------- a multi-million
dollar construction contract with Vietnam
government .
(A) reminded
(B) renewed
(C) resurfaced
(D) reacted
19. If our employees don't think their dedication
and sacrifice will be -------, it is more likely
that they show discouragement and frustration
which eventually affect their work performance.
(A) rewarded
(B) refined
(C) reclined
(D) referred
20. Undoubtedly, a newly developed system will
help us to ------- our research into several
areas we had not been previously able to
step in.
(A) multiply
(B) exaggerate
(C) impress
(D) broaden
21. MSN autos has announced that some
companies have ------ all production on
standby because of soaring gas prices.
(A) placed
(B) viewed
(C) emitted
(D) applied
22. The increased number of joint projects
between two major companies ------ that
they may soon merge together.
(A) imply
(B) implications
(C) implies
(D) implying
23. When revising a vehicle for any purposes, you
should make sure that nothing ------- your
view while driving.
(A) obstructs
(B) instructs
(C) intensifies
(D) notices
24. The demand for fashion products in times of
economic depression has been significantly
declining so that most fashion brands have
recently decided to ------ its line of
expensive clothes.
(A) discontinue
(B) disengage
(C) discharge
(D) disqualify
25. Although positive and compelling, the findings
somewhat ------- the previous negative
results of a study conducted in December
2003.
(A) awarded
(B) inferred
(C) attempted
(D) contradicted
26. At the executive meeting management has
decided to ------ Express Distribution Co.,
which has just been launched, for multiple
shipments charged at a significantly lower rate
than any other delivery company.
(A) send
(B) offer
(C) use
(D) apply
27. Business people in particular like dining at
A
cosy and relaxed restaurants even though
B C
taking care of serious business deals or
practices with their clients.
D
28. If the product you have purchased it from our
A
store shows any problem such as damage or
B
defect, please take it to any authorized
C D
service center.
2. 시제
2. 시제
1. Within the group the advertising department
head ------- noticeable influence on deciding
the advertising strategy is supposed to
attain the level of the vice president.
(A) is
(B) has had
(C) having
(D) has
2. Mr. Janson, who ------ our community club
for the voluntary service a few months ago,
has already considered quitting his job.
(A) joined
(B) would join
(C) joined into
(D) has joined
3. When Goldman Stock Co. ------ its several
operations in the european countries, up to 300
workers were dismissed.
(A) will restructure
(B) restructures
(C) to restructure
(D) was restructuring
4. In 2003, the research group learned that the
small pharmaceutical company ------- more
than a decade developing new medicine for
cancer related diseases.
(A) would spend
(B) would have spend
(C) has spent
(D) had spent
5. When returning from her long stay in New York
last Friday, Prof. Page ------ from jet leg,
(A) suffering
(B) was suffering
(C) suffers
(D) has suffered
6. This quarter, the catering service company
------- over 10,000 new customers thanks to
stronger confidence in economic recovery,
making it a modest success with more room to
grow.
(A) attracts
(B) was attracted
(C) has attracted
(D) attract
7. We decided to hire the first candidate over
A B
several contenders although the application he
had submitted demonstrating that he excels
C
when faced with difficulties.
D
8. Participation will be expected to provide
A
constructive criticism as feedback when our
B C
R&D department introduces new products
before being on the market.
D
1. Since she was assigned to the big city
operation, Ms. Amy ------- closed big
contracts with three new clients to the surprise
of all people around her.
(A) was
(B) would
(C) had
(D) has
2. Every year since he -------, the city mayor
has recommended new effective approach for
alleviating traffic congestion, but the public has
shown little interest.
(A) is elected
(B) elected
(C) was elected
(D) has elected
3. All postgraduate students in university -------
at least 140 credits irrespective of major by the
time they graduate.
(A) will take
(B) had taken
(C) will have taken
(D) are taking
4. The appreciated sales manager -------- with
Carrefour Korea Ltd, one of the biggest
retailers in the world, for five years by the time
he left it to run his own business.
(A) had been
(B) have been
(C) were
(D) will have been
5. Customers who make cash withdrawals
A
frequently when using any ATM, automatic
B
teller machine, must be very cautiously not to
C
leave any personal information written on a
D
slip.
6. The recent studies indicate that students learn
A B
more effectively and easily with the help of
C
audio-video equipment is perfect for
D
presentation.
1. After you -------- the enclosed questionnaire,
please send it back to us immediately.
(A) will complete
(B) are completing
(C) will have completed
(D) have completed
2. The nation's third largest bank announced that
it ------- all its international businesses into
one group to streamline operations.
(A) consolidates
(B) would consolidate
(C) will be consolidated
(D) has to be consolidated
3. Many more trucks for the distribution
department -------- purchased as soon as
we have reviewed all the features of them and
received feedback from drives.
(A) had been
(B) has been
(C) will be
(D) would be
4. Next month, Mr. Roban ------ for the Fiat,
one of the biggest car manufacturing
companies for thirty-two years.
(A) working
(B) will work
(C) has worked
(D) will have been working
5. By the time he retires this December, Mr.
Gregory Lanza ------ as senior director for
thirty years since the foundation of the group.
(A) had worked
(B) will have worked
(C) has been working
(D) was working
6. The company ------- that some workers in
the factory located in the rural areas will put in
a request for a transfer to bigger cities
because of the education problems.
(A) predicts
(B) defines
(C) forgoes
(D) adjusts
7. It is ------ that participants or interested
people closely watch new programs to catch
up with the current events.
(A) likely
(B) predicted
(C) available
(D) advisable
8. As soon as they successfully finished the
A
three year project, the board of executives will
B
consider expanding business into several
C D
regions
9. By the time they have finished with the project,
A
our offices are going to go through the
B
extensive renovation job for next four weeks.
C D
10. Many experts expect that sales volume
A
has doubled by early next month, provided that
B C
sales figures keep rising as they have for the
D
past three years.
11. At the end of each year our company has a
A
training program at the company's expense to
B
help qualified applicants obtaining all
C
necessary job requirements.
D
12. Thanks to its geographical advantage, Virginia
A
is a well-known city which has the port
B
attracting a significant number of distribution
C
facilitations to this region.
D
3. 명사
3. 명사
1. Most residents have voiced concern ------ the
proposal, which was suggested by the city
council, for construction of the two golf fields
in the suburb of the city.
(A) around
(B) into
(C) along
(C) over
2. Despite the fact that we had a wonderful trip,
A
the airline informed us of the lost luggages and
B C
several damaged items due to the poor
handling.
D
3. While two big medical institutions were
A
collaboratively doing extensive research on
B
cancer with a lot of informations, they found
C
great possibility of complete treatment.
D
4. The Texas Housing, based in Austin Texas,
A
has a difficulty providing good
B
working conditions for its employees and good
C
environment for residents in its apartment
D
complex.
5. All museum visitors are informed that they are
A
prohibited from taking photography of displays
B C
during the tour; otherwise, their cameras or cell
D
phones featuring camera lens can be seized.
6. Most well-known clinics usually make requests
A
that every patient make reservations
B
of advance if they do not want to wait for a
C
while to see a doctor.
D
1. All participants in this year's architecture
------- scheduled to take place on 31st of
October in Sydney are required to submit their
architectural designs before deadline.
(A) competitively
(B) competent
(C) competitor
(D) competition
2. Anyone interested in working for financial
companies is required to obtain a national
accounting ------- or have at least three
years of experience in the related field.
(A) certified
(B) certify
(C) certification
(D) certificates
3. This site explores some of the law ------ and
controversies regarding liabilities and
responsibilities between defenders and
plaintiffs.
(A) issues
(B) issuers
(C) issuing
(D) issued
4. The Office of Economic Analysts publishes
projections for both long and short term
-------.
(A) employ
(B) employee
(C) employer
(D) employment
5. Despite the current ongoing economic
downturn, ------ of all ages and lifestyles do
tend to spend considerable time and money on
items related to health and well-being trend.
(A) consume
(B) consumers
(C) consumption
(D) consuming
6. A recently launched company specializes in
designing ----- that meet the specific needs
(A) products
(B) productive
(C) productivity
(C) production
7. Though companies have received tens of
thousands of applications, most of them will be
contacting only a small number of ------- that
have been chosen for interviews.
(A) candidates
(B) selections
(C) searches
(D) considerations
8. ------ on vaccines which can be very effective
and efficacious to prevent any contagious
diseases or breakouts continues to be carried
out worldwide.
(A) Research
(B) Researches
(C) Researchers
(D) Researching
9. Despite a lot of efforts to resolve the litigation
between two giant organizations we haven't
accomplishment anything successful so we are
not considering independent -------.
(A) arbitrate
(B) arbitrator
(C) arbitrated
(D) arbitration
10. It is advisable that participants or interested
A B
people close watch new programs to catch up
C D
with the current events.
A
11. Some of the passengers asked the airline
A
company to compensate them because they
B
had been denied boarding because of
C D
over-booking, the practice of accepting more
reservations than the available capacity.
1. We proudly introduce new paint which is
extremely resistant to ------.
(A) corrode
(B) corroding
(C) corrosion
(D) corrosive
2. Because the ------- is temporarily out of
order with technical problems, we regret to ask
you to use stairs while the problem is being
handled.
(A) escalation
(B) escalator
(C) escalating
(D) escalate
3. The fifth -------- of the science magazine
specially features emerging environmental
impact of unwanted noise on mental and
physical health of people and animals.
(A) editor
(B) edition
(C) editorship
(D) editorial
4. The ------ commemorating the former founder
of the organization will now take place at 3
p.m.
(A) receipt
(B) recipient
(C) receptive
(D) reception
5. If you notice any damage or defects, you have
the right to refuse the ------- of items.
(A) deliver
(B) deliverance
(C) delivering
(D) delivery
6. ------ among staff members remains high
because their business shows the great
possibility of success so that their efforts may
be rewarded financially.
(A) Elevation
(B) Morale
(C) Behavior
(D) Skill
7. According to the survey conducted last month
by the leading research group friendly and
cosy environment within the company will help
increase ------.
(A) creation
(B) productivity
(C) execution
(D) consumption
8. Although I offered a advertisement design at
the price of %100, it still took several thousand
dollar's ------- of my time to completely satisfy client.
(A) cost
(B) price
(C) worth
(D) value
9. To be more practical and impressive, some
changes should be made to the -------.
(A) agreement
(B) consensus
(C) renovation
(D) proposal
10. In accordance with the labor union's decision,
the negotiator at the negotiation table decided
not to accept the company's ------- to
reduce the vacation period and salaries.
(A) proposal
(B) thought
(C) agreement
(D) consensus
11. This campaign will not be successful unless
members take on the -------- of every effort
to generate enough funds and public interest.
(A) installation
(B) coordination
(C) motivation
(D) distraction
12. General -------- was reached after reviewing
the entire program which was considered
producing quality research and we think it
should be continued.
(A) consensus
(B) accumulation
(C) supplement
(D) alliance
13. Mr. John Kerry was invited to a welcome
------- for newly hired employees and also
asked to give a speech but he politely
declined it.
(A) application
(B) perception
(C) reception
(D) suggestion
14. The auditors were very upset because their
demand for -------- to all areas of buildings, documents and papers was not accepted by
the company board.
(A) access
(B) authority
(C) avail
(D) ability
15. Some experience and a strong command of
written and spoken foreign language for
overseas business operation would be an
-------.
(A) advise
(B) admission
(C) adaptation
(D) advantage
16. One established political assembly will be
hosting evening functions, providing light
refreshment, but please note that all other
meals are participants' -------.
(A) requirement
(B) necessity
(C) responsibility
(D) commitment
17. Even fine particles from the log on the living
room can possibly cause allergic ------- in
people who are very sensitive to them.
(A) results
(B) reactions
(C) renewals
(D) infections
18. To request a refund or replacement of our
product after receipt, send an e-mail to the
------- provided in the registration form.
(A) address
(B) envelope
(C) delivery
(D) voucher
19. Purchase of merchandise from the Mantis
Shop implies -------- and compliance to the
above statements by a purchaser.
(A) agreement
(B) consensus
(C) subscription
(D) access
20. To meet the increasing demand for a new
software product, factory workers are required
to work even after regular hours without any
------- but will be financially rewarded.
(A) ejections
(B) prohibitions
(C) permissions
(D) exceptions
21. The company will supply a -------- or a
refund according to its refund policy as long
as the item is in original condition.
(A) replacement
(B) double
(C) repetition
(D) likeness
22. We are going to hold a banquet this Saturday
night to thank people for their generous
-------- extended to our children during the last winter camp.
(A) fondness
(B) altruism
(C) cultivation
(D) hospitality
23. Paid vacation will be offered to the most
dedicated workers and it will be 5 days long
depending on your -------- of resort
destinations.
(A) conception
(B) option
(C) choice
(D) substitute
24. This picture with figures illustrates the average
differences in temperature and --------
observed across tropical area in South Pacific
undergoing the environmental changes by the
global warming.
(A) participation
(B) precipitation
(C) premonition
(D) partition
25. The computer company has recently lost more
than 30 % of its loyal customers after the
media focused attention on its lack of
--------- to product quality and service.
(A) remittance
(B) commitment
(C) endurance
(D) speculation
26. The -------- for tickets to sports event is
expected to be a lot stronger than any other
year thanks to the longer weekend and more
holidays this year.
(A) technology
(B) demand
(C) elevation
(D) election
27. The investor's main -------- is that the stock
market is not adequately maintaining its
stability due to the government's uncertain
economic policy.
(A) affair
(B) effort
(C) reference
(D) concern
28. The forecast for the day after tomorrow will
be partly cloudy with a ------- of rain or
even frost.
(A) potential
(B) speculation
(C) chance
(D) plan
29. The organizers of the world environmental
conference, which is scheduled to take place
next month, have arranged a special program
of ------- for the participants' free time.
(A) activeness
(B) actively
(C) active
(D) activities
30. The newly installed system was designed to
avoid any breakdowns which could bring the
production line to a complete ------.
(A) block
(B) quit
(C) stay
(D) halt
31. The survey results show that the ------ of
magazine subscribers prefer looking at photos
of famous figures over reading feature stories.
(A) majority
(B) most
(C) summary
(D) addition
32. The recognized musicians from all over the
world received a standing ovation for their
------- of the orchestra last night.
(A) act
(B) performance
(C) indication
(D) displaying
33. One of the great ------ of telecommuting is
the ability to work from home which provides
parents with a lot more flexibility than
conventional employment.
(A) advantages
(B) profits
(C) courtesies
(D) assets
34. To attract customers during the lunch time, we
have the special menu at a surprisingly
reasonable price which offers a wide ------
of choices from Chinese food to French
cuisine.
(A) kind
(B) type
(C) variety
(D) sort
35. Simply Cell offers not only very competitive
pricing on most cell phone accessories but
also the widest ------ of cellular phones.
(A) number
(B) collection
(C) selection
(D) variety
36. To comply with the stringent requirements for
sanitation, all kitchen staff without any
exception should make washing their hands a
regular -------.
(A) habit
(B) tradition
(C) hobby
(D) convention
37. We are in the final ------ of securing a
patent for an invention, utility model or
industrial design made in result of creative
work
(A) stages
(B) paths
(C) levels
(D) drafts
38. We announce the launch of Personal web
sites which will be provided to Internet Access subscribers free of ------.
(A) rate
(B) price
(C) fare
(D) charge
39. The employer at the negotiation table made
clear that he had no ------ of stopping the
union from communicating with the workers
before going on a strike.
(A) purpose
(B) objective
(C) intention
(D) projection
40. One ------ of a competent project leader is
the ability to deal with unknown conflicts
among employees and even establish
cooperative relations.
(A) characteristic
(B) attempt
(C) access
(D) personality
41. We are rapidly becoming a major international
------- in the corporate e-Learning market,
redefining the meaning of corporate training
and workforce performance.
(A) competition
(B) force
(C) attachment
(D) corporate
42. Instead of attending weekly ------ on
campus, students will access the course
content and, for the most part, interact with
the instructional staff and other students
online.
(A) lectures
(B) sections
(C) perspectives
(D) commitment
43. The company was criticized because it
invested more than half of the annual budget
into the new product development project, but
the result was well worth the ------.
(A) fare
(B) expense
(C) tariff
(C) dividend
44. Diners with a ------ for Chinese Food can
enjoy dishes served at the new restaurant in
the downtown to satisfy their impeccable
tastes.
(A) choice
(B) preference
(C) selection
(C) favor
45. Because of the ------ of contamination at
the nuclear power plant, all workers, without
any exception and under no circumstances
should have protective clothing on
mandatorily.
(A) failure
(B) ruin
(C) fault
(D) risk
46. As a ------ of membership, all already
registered members of the E- Mart can
purchase most of the items at a significantly l
ower rate.
(A) petition
(B) benefit
(C) subsidy
(D) beneficient
47. Because there have been so many complaints
A B
of the errors on the billing so effective
C
measures should be taken immediately.
D
48. One of the strong points the newly designated
A B
minister has is that he handles his job
C
with strong confidentiality.
D
1. Without doubts, this fire extinguisher is well
designed to discharge automatically and
immediately to put out the fire and you should
keep it into disposal --------.
(A) reception
(B) receptionist
(C) receptacle
(D) receptiveness
2. The preliminary report on the first year's work
on the state's beautification ------- has
been criticized seriously because it was made
not practically without considering the funds.
(A) profit
(B) prospect
(C) protest
(D) project
3. The special issue of the science magazine
highlights the extensive research involving
------- treatment of miraculous drugs which
were unexpectedly developed last month.
(A) medication
(B) medic
(C) medicate
(D) medical
4. With a technological improvement we are able
to reduce ------- time from 2 days to a half
day.
(A) product
(B) productive
(C) productivity
(D) production
5. We are very happy to announce that we have
finally set up production ------- featuring
state of the art equipment and also the most
talented professionals within the company.
(A) facilities
(B) facilitates
(C) facilitation
(D) facilitator
6. As a secretary there are a large number of
job ------- such as schedule arrangement for
an employer and typing of documents.
(A) topic
(B) comment
(C) interpretation
(D) description
7. The newly released ------- projections have
revealed the gloomy business environment for
our company because of the emerging
competitors with substantially lower prices and
almost same quality.
(A) money
(B) budget
(C) book
(D) wallet
8. A complete schedule and ------ instructions
about summer training programs offered to all
employees for free have been provided on the
companyꡑs website.
(A) register
(B) registers
(C) registered
(D) registration
9. The School Board has been looking for ways to
save the school district some money as well
as improve energy ------.
(A) reaction
(B) participation
(C) efficiency
(D) formulas
10. Last week, majority of the union members
voted for the general strike against the
discrimination among employees because they
got paid significantly lower ------ than office
workers.
(A) charges
(B) wages
(C) costs
(D) prices
11. Please be noted that all employees, without
any exception, are not allowed to use their
email account to conduct ------ business
during the regular business hours.
(A) personal
(B) personalize
(C) personally
(D) personnel
12. After the fifty consecutive attempts made to
get a job Mr. Cupper was finally hired as a
customer-service ------- at a big corporation
based in New York.
(A) representation
(B) representing
(C) represented
(D) representative
13. The company ------ governing casual dress
on Fridays has been revised since it collected
feedback from all employees whether they feel
comfortable with it.
(A) preparation
(B) symbol
(C) customs
(D) policy
14. Our research team has begun a detailed
------- on the exploration of ecosystems.
(A) glance
(B) insight
(C) study
(D) work
15. Whoever takes university courses at night
after work to improve their job performance in
POSCO will be offered ----- for all the costs
of tuition and fees as part of the benefit
programs.
(A) investment
(B) foundation
(C) reimbursement
(D) beneficiaries
16. For security purposes, it is strictly required
that every Internet-bases credit card order be
subject to address -----, otherwise no
access will be accepted.
(A) verify
(B) verification
(C) verified
(D) verifies
17. The environmental industry has been hit hard
in the midst of deep economic unstability by
the ------ of several big enterprises to invest
their money on the environment sector.
(A) indecision
(B) discouragement
(C) unwillingness
(D) implication
18. To compete with overflowing multi-national
financial organizations in competitive market
situation, we decided to offer clients one of
the best interest ------ which can be
potential burden in the future.
(A) ratios
(B) ratings
(C) rated
(D) rates
19. Recently the newly emerging car maker has
announced the launch of an aggressive
marketing ------ designed to attract
customers to their dealer shop.
(A) campaign
(B) campaigns
(C) campaigner
(D) campaigning
20. When looking for employment as a job seeker
you can use an established network of
business ------ which can be very helpful
and effective for the research.
(A) contacts
(B) tactics
(C) implications
(D) indications
21. The Chinese financial system remains in good
shape, with recent developments generally
being favourable from a financial ------
perspective.
(A) stable
(B) stabilize
(C) stability
(D) stabilizer
22. This banquet hall, on the top floor of the
hotel, seats up to 40 guests comfortably for
private and business -------.
(A) assemble
(B) practices
(C) funding
(D) functions
23. By participating this special training program
for business owners we guarantee you can
have better business -------.
(A) sensible
(B) sensing
(C) sense
(D) sensation
24. Before making an expansion decision into a
new market, we have conducted an ------
research on economic condition, business
environment and customers' buying habits.
(A) extent
(B) extensive
(C) extensively
(D) extension
25. Until the investigation has been completely
finished nobody can not enter chemically
damaged area without ------ equipment.
(A) protect
(B) protection
(C) protective
(D) protecting
26. In addition to working as an assistant
A B
management in the French restaurant
downtown, Susan is teaching university
C
students business management.
D
27. All attendees are required to turn off their
A
cellular phones with audio features and also
B
refrain from taking photos with flash during
C
the duration of the performer.
D
28. The easiest and most convenient way of
A
getting productive informations from magazines
B
is to scan the contents tables and turn
C
directly to articles you find interesting.
D
29. The direct flights from Seoul to Sydney during
A B
winter months are likely to double because
C
many people want to enjoy warm weathers in
D
Australia .
30. All of the vegetables inspection in our facilities
A B
are required to be properly inspected and
C
labeled to show exact places they are grown
D
and processed.
31. Some of the experienced analysts that I
A
consulted with, who have been working in the
B
airline industry for many years, advised that
current safety standard be raised.
C D
32. All the office equipment such as photocopiers,
A B
printers and fax machines should not be used
in personal purposes according to the
C D
regulation.
33. In all efforts to reduce the high unemployment
A B
rate the government decided to make
hundreds of positions for graduation in some
C D
government-managed organizations.
4. 부사
4. 부사
1. Sales of luxury sedans are up -------- five
percent this quarter while those of the
economical cars are decreasing significantly.
(A) next
(B) quite
(C) very
(D) nearly
2. The company will offer great incentives for
those who worked incredibly -------- and
exceeded their sales quota this month.
(A) hard
(B) hardly
(C) harder
(D) hardest
3. The maintenance office of the apartment
complex announced today that cleaning work of
the water tanks will start ------- before 8
a.m. tomorrow.
(A) short
(B) shorter
(C) shortly
(D) shorten
4. In order to establish good and friendly
relationship, we must be sure to serve our
clients quickly and in a -------- manner.
(A) courtesy
(B) courteous
(C) courteously
(D) courteousness
5. According to the latest issue of the magazine,
its readers ranked Nixan, the Japanese car
maker, very ------ in international automobile
industry.
(A) high
(B) higher
(C) highly
(D) highest
6. When reviewing all applications from ------
qualified candidates, the manager had difficulty
choosing which one will be the perfect for the
opening.
(A) high
(B) heights
(C) highly
(D) heighten
7. Our company has successfully enacted the
A
production of new goods for which are subject
B
to boost sales significantly and gracefully
C
executed it.
D
8. It is an important first step in preparing for the
A
inevitable changes that will be occurred on this
B C
small town in the coming years.
D
1. If you want to know ------- what topic will be
on the agenda at the annual meeting, please
click on the our internet site or give a call
between 9 a.m and 5 p.m.
(A) detail
(B) details
(C) detailed
(D) in detail
2. This name tag should be pressed ------;
otherwise it can be detached easily.
(A) firm
(B) firms
(C) firmly
(D) firmness
3. We are ------- unable to get an order by
phone so please pay a visit to any of our
downtown locations to buy products.
(A) present
(B) presently
(C) presenter
(D) presentation
4. There are many more medical conditions for
which damages are now payable and we
believe that the current system is ------ able
to cope with the increasing demand for better
treatment.
(A) potential
(B) probable
(C) possible
(D) no longer
5. The company's sales forecast for next year is
------ exciting and demanding, but I believe
our team is well prepared and highly motivated.
(A) extraneously
(B) stringently
(C) simultaneously
(D) permanently
6. The chairman of the Board ------- welcomed
all employees and their family members
participating in the annual sports day at the
opening speech.
(A) personal
(B) personality
(C) personalize
(D) in person
7. Retailers have reported that orders have
increased -------- after recent promotional
events giving free gifts.
(A) markedly
(B) fashionably
(C) very
(D) loudly
8. It is important that every interviewer listen
------- to all interviewees's responses not to
have misunderstanding.
(A) careful
(B) carefully
(C) carefulness
(D) carelessly
9. --------, a lot of customers showed their
dissatisfaction with our services and product
quality so we should try our best to turn their
opinion back to us favorably.
(A) Regretfully
(B) Regrettable
(C) To regret
(D) Regrettably
10. Our company has successfully ------ the
production of new goods which are expected
to boost sales significantly and gracefully
executed it.
(A) enacted
(B) enriched
(C) engaged
(D) exceeded
11. As long as Mr. Ford can handle this two-year
ongoing litigation successfully, I am quite sure
he will be -------- promoted to the level of
vice president.
(A) doubts
(B) doubting
(C) undoubtedly
(D) undoubted
12. As long as you are well informed, courteous,
and then express your concerns ------ with
persistence, we are ready to listen to your
case.
(A) marginally
(B) previously
(C) clearly
(D) extremely
13. Since 1995 we have ------- provided
residents in this area with quality water and
good sanitation.
(A) consistently
(B) precisely
(C) officially
(D) rarely
14. In case of the fire drill every participant is
asked to follow directions from the fire fighters
--------.
(A) promptly
(B) carefully
(C) dramatically
(D) diversely
15. The uncertainty of their job security is seldom
------- related to actual insecurity, and it
needs to be analysed with extreme care.
(A) promptly
(B) nearly
(C) directly
(D) compulsory
16. This university has strong points because it is
------ located within easy driving distance of
both the financial and residential districts.
(A) perfect
(B) perfecting
(C) perfection
(D) perfectly
17. Almost all home appliances are ------
available in local retail stores.
(A) general
(B) generality
(C) generally
(D) generalized
18. Only a few people have the overall experience
to run the department -------- despite the
fact that all of the candidates have strengths
in specific areas of management.
(A) successful
(B) succeedingly
(C) successfully
(D) successively
19. Thanks to the favorable summer weather, the
pear crop is ripening ------- and we expect
people will enjoy delicate taste.
(A) nice
(B) nicely
(C) nicer
(D) nicest
20. It is expected that every repairman should
have the ability to assemble this computer
desk -------.
(A) approvingly
(B) agreeingly
(C) easily
(D) largely
21. Our office has -------- relocated to a
different city to have much broader market
base and we guarantee our service will
remain good to you all.
(A) recently
(B) freshly
(C) usually
(D) commonly
22. --------, the settlement proposed by the
mediator will be turned down by either party
involved in the litigation.
(A) Presumptive
(B) Presumably
(C) Presumptuously
(D) Presuming
23. Please make sure the views of our guests
and commentators are their own and do not
------- represent the views of Community
Television Foundation of South Carolina.
(A) necessary
(B) necessity
(C) necessarily
(D) necessitates
24. The company's owned laboratory has recently
A
experiment with the concept of enabling
B C
technology so that it can be very pervasive
but not invasive.
D
25. The developing improved plant varieties and
A B
fertilizers has helped farmers to double and
C
even triple the yield.
D
1. In the depth of deep recession most resort
hotels desperately try to attract guests at
prices ------- below their maximum rates.
(A) so
(B) such
(C) very
(D) well
2. This cellular phone with attractive features such
as a camera installed was released just two
months ago and has ------- become the
most popular item.
(A) once
(B) ever
(C) rather
(D) already
3. During the organ transplant surgery every
medical staff in the operation room should
------- exercise extreme caution.
(A) so
(B) always
(C) before
(D) once
4. National Geographic is one of the best
broadcasting companies which are dedicated
------- to programs about nature and
animals.
(A) all
(B) rarely
(C) complete
(D) entirely
5. The complaints of many customers against
sales representative in the department store
have been submitted two weeks ago but the
manager in charge of the customer service has
not ------- responded.
(A) still
(B) yet
(C) until
(D) once
6. Keeping healthy both physically and mentally is
------- crucial a thing ever to seriously talk
about.
(A) so
(B) quite
(C) very
(D) such
7. The attendance record for the annual
stockholders' meeting was so ------- that
the decision made could not take effect until
enough people show their intent.
(A) discouragement
(B) discourage
(C) discouraging
(D) discouraged
8. Zenith Pharmaceutical Inc. has ------ decided
to develop a new medicine and treatment for
heart related diseases.
(A) ever
(B) yet
(C) already
(C) shortly
9. The market environment in the
telecommunications industry is immensely
complex and development progresses more
-------- than ever before.
(A) subjectively
(B) subsequently
(C) rapidly
(D) respectively
10. Most of the union members ------- were
opposed to the modified conditions from
management, but eventually they accepted
them unanimously after the union leader's
persuasion.
(A) nearly
(B) diversely
(C) distantly
(D) initially
11. The remains of an city village were discovered
------- while the pavement job for the new
highways was undergoing.
(A) urgently
(B) deeply
(C) accidently
(D) densely
12. To make sure that we take customer privacy
------- we promise not to sell your personal
information including phone number, email address to any of outside marketing firms.
(A) seriously
(B) totally
(C) soundly
(D) completely
1. More --------, in addition to expanding our
market share, we are in the middle of
development of diverse pharmaceutical product
lines.
(A) import
(B) importance
(C) importantly
(D) of important
2. If you send copyrighted contents --------
without any agreement from owners or
authors, it is a violation of copyright.
(A) election
(B) electronics
(C) electronic
(D) electronically
3. Those employees who hold strong opposition
against the proposed wages are -------
expected to come to the negotiation table.
(A) considerably
(B) still
(C) finally
(D) well
4. Asiana Airlines has expanded its operations
------- by acquiring several new aircrafts.
(A) tightly
(B) substantially
(C) warmly
(D) subjectively
5. We are sorry to announce that National
Museum is ------ closed for major renovation.
(A) persistently
(B) concurrently
(C) currently
(D) significantly
6. Despite many consecutive months of oil price
hike the number of vehicles which have been
recently purchased by consumers has
decreased -------.
(A) quickly
(B) significantly
(C) slightly
(D) accordingly
7. Many individuals and organizations have made
interesting suggestions, so that discussion to
present the policy has been ------
widespread.
(A) quickly
(B) primarily
(C) heavily
(D) fairly
8. All employees should report to the supervisor
and be very cautious when working in the
company property ------ in the laboratory.
(A) scarcely
(B) separately
(C) hardly
(D) especially
9. As long as the assembly line has been ------
automated we expect product quality will meet
customers' expectations even during the high
seasonal demand.
(A) finely
(B) fully
(C) frequently
(D) intently
10. As the number of people commuting to the
opposite part of the city is increasing, the
expansion job of the bridge will be needed
-------.
(A) nearly
(B) immediately
(C) approximately
(D) prompt
11. Researchers are encouraged to spend more
time with fewer experiments in the hope that
they will examine objects --------.
(A) timelessly
(B) respectfully
(C) closely
(D) significantly
12. It is strongly advised that those who use
computers or other electrical devices a lot at
work should ------ look away.
(A) indefinitely
(B) incidently
(C) chronically
(D) periodically
13. The phenomenal hike in raw material price
has been ------ due to increasing imports
from the chinese industries which are
expected to dominate the world economy in
the foreseeable future.
(A) hugely
(B) largely
(C) extremely
(D) immensely
14. For many years, most of the loyal customers
have ------ requested online access to their
account information, and the board committee
has finally agreed to provide that service.
(A) repeatedly
(B) incredibly
(C) briefly
(D) exactly
15. In spite of having drilled nearly ----- for the
entire summer season, the engineers were
frustrated because their effort to locate any
reliable source of drinkable ground water for
the proposed well was not successful.
(A) continued
(B) continuous
(C) continuing
(D) continuously
16. Before leaving the office, it is essential that
every worker lock all doors and windows
-------.
(A) secure
(B) securely
(C) securing
(D) secured
17. The uncontrolled bankruptcies even though the
government got involved to stop them have
------ led to unhealthy economic
environment and no investment from
international investors.
(A) seem
(B) seeming
(C) seemed
(D) seemingly
18. The seriously biased and negative opinion
written on the Internet is ------ described as
one of the greatest challenges faced by
almost all 2parts of society.
(A) frequent
(B) frequented
(C) frequently
(D) frequency
19. A corporate logo, which can have significant
impact on consumer awareness level, should
be easily memorable, ------ recognizable in
order to stand out among other competing
rivals.
(A) urgently
(B) abruptly
(C) instantly
(D) hastily
20. Some buildings have been constructed before
schedule with advanced construction
technology developed recently, while other
projects in other areas have proceeded
-------.
(A) definitely
(B) usually
(C) slowly
(D) thoroughly
21. Despite the fact that I spent many days
preparing for the executive meeting, I
delivered my sales presentation rather
--------.
(A) hesitant
(B) hesitantly
(C) hesitating
(D) hesitation
22. Some shoppers in the fashion and
advertisement industries have great influence
on young people to dress as they do,
therefore it is necessary to watch them
-------.
(A) closely
(B) close
(C) closer
(D) closing
23. The leaders and staff in our company show
tremendous cooperation to innovate current
systems -------.
(A) continued
(B) continual
(C) continually
(D) continuation
24. Winners for the lotto, one of the most popular
lotteries, will be drawn ------- and are
required to pay the tax of more than 35
percent of the money prize .
(A) randomly
(B) diversely
(C) vaguely
(D) previously
5. 형용사
5. 형용사
1. This subway line is -------- under
construction and should be available shortly,
and we are sorry to give you inconvenience
and ask for understanding.
(A) previously
(B) dramatically
(C) accessively
(D) currently
2. At the report all the engineers agreed that it is
------- impossible to construct a building on
the proposed site due to the unstable ground.
(A) technical
(B) technician
(C) technically
(D) technicality
3. According to the recent issue of the economy
magazine, the improvement in the global
economy has been the result of ------- good
performance from computer related industries
and tourism.
(A) exceptional
(B) exceptionally
(C) exception
(D) excepting
4. It is expected that payment problems will
become much more ------ once a new
computer payroll tracking system has been
installed next month.
(A) manageably
(B) manageable
(C) manage
(D) managing
5. Faculty members are very ------- and
encourage student to make an inquiry about
their questions.
(A) compatible
(B) changeable
(C) approachable
(D) noticeable
6. After the major renovation of the old production
line to meet the growing demand for our
products, we expect that it will be fully
------- sometime next month.
(A) operative
(B) operate
(C) operational
(D) operation
7. The potential merger deal of between the
second and third largest company to compete
with other competitors in the field will remain
------- on approval of their own management
team.
(A) eventual
(B) hopeful
(C) speculative
(D) contingent
8. Those who has strong desire and determination
to succeed in particular field are less -------
to become lax or give up their goals while
working.
(A) liked
(B) like
(C) likely
(D) likelihood
9. Most of the residents are very -------- about
the news that they will be compensated for air
and water pollution by chemical hazards from
the plant.
(A) excited
(B) exciting
(C) excitable
(D) excitements
10. The obvious advantage of this approach to
increase the awareness of our products is
------ the additional cost.
(A) worth
(B) worthy
(C) worthwhile
(D) worthful
11. Personal information should be -------
carefully and submitted to the person who is
in charge of handling applications.
(A) writing
(B) written
(C) wrote
(D) write
12. There have been a lot of complaints from the
developers after the city's building codes
became too ------ to accomodate.
(A) frustrating
(B) frustrated
(C) frustration
(D) frustrate
1. Please be ------ and refrain from taking
photos or using cellular phones during the
performance.
(A) considerable
(B) considerate
(C) considered
(D) consideration
2. After the close observation, the instructor has
finally chosen two students that are very
talented and ------- with information seeking.
(A) experience
(B) experienced
(C) experiences
(D) experiencing
3. To keep us more competitive in the domestic
and international market, both management and
the union should keep strong ------- relation.
(A) cooperate
(B) cooperated
(C) cooperative
(D) cooperation
4. After successfully organizing several
international events, the municipal government
is considering holding ------- events to make
the city the perfect place to host any event.
(A) substantial
(B) subjective
(C) subsequent
(D) subsidiary
5. A system at higher temperature and --------
higher pressure will not be fully identical to the
initial system in normal condition.
(A) corresponding
(B) correspondence
(C) corresponded
(D) correspondingly
6. We really appreciate your giving ------
attention to the elevator which is not properly
working and causing inconvenience.
(A) prompted
(B) promptness
(C) prompt
(D) promptly
7. As a company we now see and enjoy customer
testimonials as ------ addition to our business
marketing tools and materials.
(A) valuable
(B) high
(C) commensurate
(D) combined
8. Our ------- product line which is now being
test-marketed in many cities features such an
innovative design and a great performance that
we can generate great sales revenue.
(A) impressive
(B) impressing
(C) impressed
(D) impression
9. As the most ------ funded private university
we provide financial support more than $15,000
a year for those who are interested in further
education after graduation.
(A) heavy
(B) heaviness
(C) heaviest
(D) heavily
10. Home Schooling instead of regular education
at school throughout the world except in
Korea is ------- popular over the last few
years .
(A) increasing
(B) increasingly
(C) increased
(D) increase
11. We will be extending our existing business
relationship through a joint -------- to offer
our customers the most advanced billing
solutions in the market.
(A) venture
(B) venturing
(C) ventured
(D) venturesome
12. A thorough ------ of paragraph can give you
better understanding of what implications the
author tries to convey to readers.
(A) revise
(B) revised
(C) revising
(D) revision
13. Several research agencies have recently
started to gather the information to predict
which of the candidates has the most
popularity for the -------- presidential
election and are expected to release the
popularity among candidates.
(A) upcoming
(B) prospective
(C) possible
(D) forseeable
14. To run business successfully we need to find
an effective ------ of bringing management
and the union together.
(A) meaning
(B) series
(C) means
(D) instrument
15. We have found this special regulation to be
an cost-effective means of reducing pollution
level and increasing the overall efficiency of
the -------- system.
(A) collection
(B) collective
(C) collectable
(D) collected
16. A ------- receipt must not be discarded in
case you want to get any refund or
replacement because of possible
dissatisfaction.
(A) contingent
(B) valid
(C) costly
(D) expired
17. Since the foundation, a small local company
now owns over fifty -------- enterprises all
over the world and even considers expanding
into new niche markets.
(A) industrialize
(B) industrialist
(C) industrious
(D) industrial
18. In accordance with the confidentiality policy,
we don't allow any access to clients' account
------ to any outside commercial companies.
(A) inform
(B) informative
(C) information
(D) informational
19. World Travel Agency reserves the right to
charge a cancellation fee should a -------
reservation be cancelled within the following
period.
(A) determined
(B) believed
(C) decided
(D) confirmed
20. Customers requesting the exchange of goods
A
must always have original receipts and get
B
approval from the personnel in the charge of
C D
the refund and replacement business.
21. This plan has recently faced very strong
A
opposition from the union members because it
B C
means lower salary but so longer working
D
hours.
1. Taking into serious consideration poor sales
figures in the first quarter, Automobile Parts
has recently decided move ------ from the
expanded product line.
(A) different
(B) free
(C) away
(D) outside
2. As recommended by the auditing committee, a
completely ------- agency was established to
supervise all banking transactions and
practices.
(A) increased
(B) available
(C) composed
(D) independent
3. Susan, who is in charge of accounting, has
been particularly good at handling ------ issue
concerning employee pay and fringe benefit
system.
(A) unintentional
(B) delicate
(C) adequate
(D) vacant
4. Korean movies ranging from comics to horrors
have become popular and ------ in many
countries.
(A) profitably
(B) profitable
(C) profiting
(D) profits
5. Low interest rates as well as strong demand
for houses have largely resulted in ------
gains in the housing sector.
(A) overpowered
(B) impressive
(C) affected
(D) progressive
6. We are writing to inquire about a payment that
has been ------ for three weeks and ask you
to take care of this problem promptly without
any further delay.
(A) commensurate
(B) latest
(C) permanent
(D) overdue
7. Most successful companies aim to hire talented
and enthusiastic people who devise ------
solutions to complex problems.
(A) innovative
(B) excessive
(C) dexterous
(D) immovable
8. Despite the marathon negotiations kicked off on
Wednesday afternoon both parties involved in
the deal only found they did have nothing in
------- .
(A) normal
(B) usual
(C) common
(D) general
9. The terms of reference of the Committee have
been lately developed to reflect the changing
------ conditions in Asia expecially around the
Korean peninsular.
(A) politics
(B) politicize
(C) political
(D) politician
10. We are more than pleased to announce that
the ------ results of the experiment
surprisingly appear to be satisfactory and
promising.
(A) final
(B) finalize
(C) finally
(D) finality
11. To attract customers more easily and survive
competition we need to have a main office
building constructed in the ------ areas
irrespective of costs.
(A) presumable
(B) seasonable
(C) susceptible
(D) desirable
12. Health Coverage. com offers free information
on-line and health insurance coverage rates
that are easily ------ to all residents.
(A) believed
(B) excessive
(C) affordable
(D) curable
13. If you are a creative but inexperienced
business owner, it is advisable to seek
professional help when you are ------ about
the right time to expand the business.
(A) unfamiliar
(B) unstable
(C) uncertain
(D) unattended
14. To gather enough information on how people
respond to new products we have over the
last two months interviewed a ------ group
of consumers.
(A) diverse
(B) diversely
(C) diversification
(D) diversify
15. When negotiating with Chinese government
officials we found that there was no ------
choice but to accept their excessive taxes in
order to expand our business territory
(A) alternatively
(B) alternatives
(C) alternation
(D) alternative
16. Most analysts expect our market share will
maintain the current level, but profit margins
are ------ to decline as we begin to
experience more competition with much more
aggressive rival companies.
(A) liable
(B) accustomed
(C) proper
(D) capable
17. Alleviating traffic congestion throughout the
day, expecially during the rush hours has
been one of the ------ concerns to the
municipal government.
(A) convenient
(B) major
(C) energetic
(D) furious
18. Two formidable candidates have been doing
their utmost to get more attention than their
counterpart from the public to win the ------
mayoral election which will be held two weeks
from now.
(A) perspective
(B) upcoming
(C) forward
(D) prepared
19. According to the employment requirements the
------ employees must possess both basic
computer skills and language proficiency
especially in English.
(A) respective
(B) perspective
(C) contingent
(D) prospective
20. Since the government was inaugurated last
year, it has demonstrated -------
commitment to the economic and political
reform regardless of the expected strong
resistance from many group of conservatives.
(A) unwavering
(B) disinclined
(C) suspicious
(D) prevalent
21. At the end of each year, it is mandatory for
employees to attend an intensive -------
training session to get familiar with new and
revised job procedures.
(A) formation
(B) formally
(C) former
(D) formal
22. At the request of many business people last
month, the industry office supplied
businessmen with ------- information on
export opportunities, market-entry strategies
and trade policy issues.
(A) specifying
(B) specify
(C) specifically
(D) specific
23. The -------- Monday morning strategic
meeting of the marketing department has been
postponed to next Thursday because of the
religious holiday.
(A) regularize
(B) regularly
(C) regularity
(D) regular
24. During the debate, you need to present
------- arguments and relevant evidence to
persuade your counterparts.
(A) persuasion
(B) persuasive
(C) persuaded
(D) persuadable
6. 비교급과 최상급
6. 비교급과 최상급
1. The updated internet search solutions enable
users to find information as ------- as
possible which can be a strong point to
generate more sales for us.
(A) efficient
(B) efficiency
(C) efficiently
(D) more efficiently
2. To be more attractive and effective, we
recommend that your resume should be as
------- as possible in all areas such as
previous work experience and education
background.
(A) flexible
(B) fixed
(C) separate
(D) specific
3. Although this resort hotel is recognized for
beautiful scenery around, the conference room
is only large enough to ------ as many as 50
people.
(A) appreciate
(B) accommodate
(C) accrue
(D) articulate
4. Our law firm staff will be available to meet with
clients as ------ as necessary in order to find
any relevant evidence for legal cases.
(A) well
(B) always
(C) frequent
(D) often
5. Menus made with indigenous ingredients in this
small neighborhood restaurant are less costly
-------- items that have to be shipped across
the country.
(A) whereas
(B) rather
(C) else
(D) than
6. Despite many consecutive months of oil price
A B
hike the number of vehicles which have
recently purchased by consumers has
C
decreased slightly.
D
7. The most successful bank is considering
A
notifying all clients that the fee increase of
B
approximately three percent next month and we
C
expect that clients will have complaints.
D
1. Although there are ------ viewers at night
than in the evening, many home shopping
channels are broadcasting various shopping
programs to pursue prospective consumers
more aggressively.
(A) lesser
(B) less
(C) fewest
(D) fewer
2. Majority of the movie watchers have agreed
that the new film was -------- and equally
enjoyable to both children and adults.
(A) thorough
(B) thoroughly
(C) throughout
(D) through
3. Many people would rather pay extra cash to
purchase a ticket from a broker ------ miss
the post seasons of MLB.
(A) and
(B) when
(C) than
(D) unless
4. The financial statements requested by the
several accountants will be temporarily -------
until the general manager in the accounting
department has reviewed them thoroughly.
(A) noticeable
(B) accessible
(C) comprehensible
(D) unavailable
5. If you have already registered for the
membership, you are eligible for all items listed
on the brochure as ------- as 20%.
(A) short
(B) little
(C) small
(D) below
6. ------ to the shareholders' meeting, some of
the attendees will be given opportunities to
express their respective ideas about the
proposed business expansion.
(A) Earlier
(B) In advance
(C) Prior
(D) Ahead
7. With this improved time table we can allow
office workers to make more -------- use of
their time after work as well as during the
working hours.
(A) efficiently
(B) efficiency
(C) efficient
(D) efficiencies
8. No period in recent times has received more
attention to the military force ------- since
our troop was sent to the strategic position in
IRAQ.
(A) through
(B) yet
(C) so
(D) than
9. In times of economic turmoil or uncertainty,
most consumers usually prefer ----- a reliable
old car rather than purchase a brand new car.
(A) to maintain
(B) maintaining
(C) maintained
(D) maintenance
10. The tourism industry is considered the
------- largest business sector in the world
and emerging as the most profitable means to
generate revenue.
(A) three
(B) triple
(C) third
(D) thirdly
11. Of all candidates that the two directors have
interviewed extensively, the first one with
strong confidence in his ability during the
interview is considered the ------ qualified.
(A) very
(B) such
(C) more
(D) most
12. When doing market research, you will find that
our hotel rates are ------- less than those
of other hotel rooms.
(A) dramatically
(B) rapidly
(C) significantly
(D) consequently
13. To meet the deadline during the high seasonal
demand, all workers are required to move
forward ------ than they have been.
(A) most quickly
(B) more quickly
(C) quicker
(D) quickly
14. To get a refund, all travelers should notify the
travel agency of their schedule changes at
least two weeks ------- the departure date.
(A) earlier to
(B) ahead in
(C) from now
(D) prior to
15. The collected data from factory workers
concludes that night-shift workers are likely to
make three times ------ mistakes as their
fellows on the day shift.
(A) as many
(B) too much
(C) more than
(D) much more
16. The financial report was a lot weak than
A B
economists expected and suggested another
gloomy expectation that the economy will hit
C
the bottom at the end of next year.
D
17. Implementing multiple security tools improves
A
security and can actually cost lesser and
B C
provide better protection against any potential
D
threat.
1. A new product that is ------ more efficient
and durable than earlier versions is expected
to be available just in three weeks.
(A) so
(B) much
(C) such
(D) very
2. To ensure that many home-shopping
companies provide customers with the ------
level of service possible, they use the very
latest in Internet Technology.
(A) highest
(B) higher
(C) high
(D) highly
3. The newly released movie is ------ more
exciting than any other Hollywood films which
spent huge budget and expected to draw
millions of movie goers only in the domestic
market.
(A) so
(B) very
(C) far
(D) such
4. Agencies can request quality ranking factors to
help determine which of the two applicants are
judged to be the ------ qualified for a job
opening.
(A) better
(B) best
(C) much
(D) larger
5. According to the survey recently conducted, the
quieter a carꡑs engine, ------
comfortable both drivers and passengers feel and they can enjoy their travel.
(A) more
(B) the most
(C) the better
(D) the more
6. Because a fiscal year will shortly end, the
accounting department needs to receive all
invoices by the last of this month at the
---------.
(A) shortest
(B) best
(C) earliest
(D) latest
7. Many commercial fitness centers are pouring
huge amount of money to provide their
customers with the ------ of any equipment
available to compete for attracting more
people.
(A) fine
(B) finely
(C) finest
(C) finer
8. The complicated the procedures, the more
A B
carefully you should follow them to accomplish
C D
any satisfactory performance.
9. All organizers were so frustrated that the
A
turnout during the outdoor music festival last
B
night was much smaller when anticipated.
C D
10. This year's sales revenues have been
A
so better than any other year in our
B C
company's almost half century history.
D
7. 대명사
7. 대명사
1. After the executive committee showed the
intention to give up some of their original
demands, ------- could finally reach an
agreement with the union.
(A) whom
(B) them
(C) who
(D) they
2. With its ------- on first-class mail protecting it
from competition, the Postal Office also resists
innovation, offering no improvement on
services.
(A) monopoly
(B) monopolization
(C) monopolizing
(D) monopolize
3. AireSpace specializes in helping corporations of
all types and sizes increase their -------
profitability by putting the air space to work
(A) overlap
(B) overdue
(C) overall
(D) overcast
4. Our products should be constantly monitored
and analyzed so thoroughly as to position
------ as one of the best quality items on the
market to attract customers' attention.
(A) we
(B) us
(C) our
(D) ours
5. Your ------ will inform you of conferences you
might attend and advise you on appropriate
academic journals to which you might submit
an article.
(A) supervise
(B) supervision
(C) supervisor
(D) supervisory
6. When reviewing a few commercial banks'
business practices we found ------ internet
marketing promotions very successful and
promising.
(A) them
(B) themselves
(C) their
(D) theirs
7. At the time when ------ sales contracts were
made with the department store outside
suppliers did not take into consideration
potentially controversial issues such as price
fluctuation of agricultural produce..
(A) theirs
(B) their
(C) they
(D) themselves
8. After successful and productive presentation
made by Sullivan, a new accountant of
Millenium Co. the firm will give ------ with a
ticket for the opera scheduled this Friday night.
(A) she
(B) her
(C) hers
(D) herself
9. We are unfortunately not online, so ------
correspondence is limited to mail, but we will
write back, and are always happy to share
knowledge with others.
(A) ours
(B) our
(C) us
(D) we
10. My grandmother prefers to travel all over the
world by ------ rather than with a tour group
to avoid hectic schedule.
(A) hers
(B) her
(C) herself
(D) she
11. The supervisor at the R&D Department he is
A
supposed to notify his team member of any
B C
possible changes to the timetable.
D
1. ------- who are interested in participating in
the National Sports Event held next month are
required to fill out the form located on the
desk in the lobby.
(A) They
(B) Those
(C) Them
(D) Anyone
2. Some of the reasons I made a contract with
this small company are that ------- offers the
best service and quality product available at a
reasonable rate as well as commitment to
customers.
(A) he
(B) it
(C) they
(D) there
3. Of the three proposals submitted to reduce
excessive production costs, two are
unacceptable, while ------ is considered
feasible, cost effective and efficient.
(A) the other
(B) other
(C) one another
(D) each other
4. Whoever has interest in placing an order for a
new digital camera can get ------- at a
significantly lower price through the company's
website.
(A) it
(B) their
(C) one
(D) other
5. Some doctors in the emergency room were
involved in the study on stress level of ------
working on day shift and doctors on night shift.
(A) those
(B) whom
(C) each
(D) someone
6. As the pace of population growth is expected
to ------ that of global food production, to
secure enough food to feed the entire
population will be the priority for every
government for the future.
(A) exceed
(B) outdate
(C) overdraw
(D) impress
7. The first five candidates for the job opening
demonstrated some incredible qualities, but
they were overshadowed by ------ of the last
candidate.
(A) these
(B) this
(C) those
(D) that
8. If there is any change to the schedule, ------
in the division should be informed at least two
days in advance not to have confusion.
(A) everywhere
(B) they
(C) everyone
(D) whoever
9. While enjoying fresh air specially in
amusement parks, it is strongly recommended
that responsible adults not allow their children
to leave the group and walk around ------.
(A) yourselves
(B) themselves
(C) ourselves
(D) himself
10. Without any exceptions, even recently hired
interns are required to take the initiative for
completing assignments by ------.
(A) themselves
(B) alone
(C) them
(D) their own
11. Most small venture firms are operated by only
A
a small number of people, while larger one
B
involve many more workers because of more
C D
sophisticated operations.
8. To 부정사
8. To 부정사
1. It is important for ------ invited to the special
occasion to sign in before entering the room.
(A) journals
(B) journalistic
(C) journalists
(D) journalism
2. We have a mechanic ------ the malfunctioning
equipment.
(A) repairing
(B) repairable
(C) repaired
(D) to repair
3. ------ all equipment regularly and well needs
both considerable attention and technical
knowledge.
(A) To maintain
(B) Maintain
(C) to maintaining
(D) Maintenance
4. When he was offered a good working
conditions including much better incentives Mr.
Hamilton has decided not ------ his contract
with the current organization when it expires
September 1st.
(A) renewing
(B) to renew
(C) renew
(D) renewal
5. The government needs ------ more than tens
of thousands of new jobs by expanding
employment in the private and public sector,
specially in construction industry.
(A) to be created
(B) creating
(C) creation
(D) to create
6. The preliminary forecasts of the market share
for next quarter were greeted with extreme
caution at the board meeting as sales
predictions ------ to be subject to wide
margins of error.
(A) intend
(B) tend
(C) lead
(D) turn
7. It is apparent that every company based on
Korea ------ to expand its business operation
into the fastest emerging Chinese market with
a huge number of potential consumers.
(A) depends
(B) expresses
(C) intends
(D) supports
8. The main purpose of tomorrow's meeting is
------ all results for this month sales volume.
(A) to review of
(B) reviews
(C) the reviewing
(D) to review
9. There have been simply too few reports of the
A B
factory explosion that they are difficult for the
C
people to understand the ongoing situation
D
enough.
10. High seasonal demand in busy season makes
A B
it difficulty for any group to find an
C D
accommodation without reservations.
11. The accounting department will eventually
A
need purchase more computers to handle
B C
the increasing amount of work.
D
12. Because of the improved market conditions
A
our company is considering to introduce a
B
new home theater system which is in such a
C D
big trend in Korea.
13. The travel agency has arranged the tourist
A B
group to take a tour of the museum between
C D
2 p.m and 4 p.m.
1. In an effort ------ the high unemployment rate
the government decided to make hundreds of
positions for graduates in some
government-managed organizations.
(A) of reducing
(B) for reducing
(C) to reduce
(D) reduction
2. In the past three years we have invested a lot
of time and efforts ------- some of the
problems in connection with the defected
people from North Korea.
(A) solve
(B) to solve
(C) solving
(D) solution
3. ------- the manufacturing process, part-time
workers will be hired temporarily and distributed
to the proper locations.
(A) Expediting
(B) Expeditious
(C) To expedite
(D) To expediting
4. Please ------- the enclosed questionnaire to
indicate how much you are satisfied with our
products and services from our sales people in
all outlets.
(A) To complete
(B) Complete
(C) Completing
(D) Completion
5. As head of the human resources division I am
more than pleased ------- that all members
can enjoy more extensive and flexible use of
the vacation.
(A) announcing
(B) announcement
(C) announced
(D) to announce
6. We proudly ------- both natural beauty
and attractive architecture which will have been
built by the end of this year.
(A) to introduce
(B) of introduction
(C) introduce
(D) introducing
7. In months with low demand for luxury sedans,
most car manufacturers heavily rely on
overseas markets to ------ meager domestic
sales.
(A) compliment
(B) offset
(C) impose
(D) supplement
8. As new sales representatives, please be aware
that customers are more likely to -------
stores with sincere and satisfactory customer
service as well as excellent product quality.
(A) patronize
(B) patrons
(C) patronized
(D) patronizing
9. At the end of each month, our division usually
hold a meeting ------- the month's progress
and prepare something necessary for
improvement in the practice for next month.
(A) for reviewing
(B) for review
(C) to review
(D) reviewing
10. After two years' of efforts for the project all of
the team members are looking forward to
the final result and to ------- it.
(A) conclude
(B) concluding
(C) a conclusion
(D) in conclusion
11. All attendees had better take writing materials
A B
for record some information that will be shown
C
on the presentation screen at the conference.
D
12. To my disappointing, the negotiation between
A
the two parties involved couldn't make a
B
productive result due to the significant
C D
differences.
1. Attendees of the seminar on the global
environmental problem are asked ------- at
the desk in the lobby.
(A) register
(B) to register
(C) registration
(D) for registering
2. As economy continue to collapse due to
soaring raw material prices such as oil and
steel, experts are advising small business
owners to consider ------ their contracts.
(A) renegotiating
(B) renegotiation
(C) negotiable
(D) to renegotiate
3. As part of assistant job responsibility I am
occasionally asked to ------- my fellow
workers in case they arrive late.
(A) put up with
(B) keep up with
(C) stand in for
(D) hand over to
4. Techni Con's Commerce dramatically reduces
the time ------- to select and specify custom
parts and assemblies to meet specific size and
performance needs.
(A) require
(B) required
(C) requiring
(D) requires
5. The renovation of the existing building is
expected to eventually ------ a coffee shop,
fine dining venue and sports bar as well as a
full-service restaurant.
(A) included
(B) inclusive
(C) including
(D) include
6. The strong demand for direct flights from
A
Seoul to Australia is likely double because of
B C
the approaching vacation season.
D
7. The objective of this week's training program
A
is to orientation employees to the business
B C
procedures in the market as well as
in our company.
D
9. 동명사
9. 동명사
1. The board of directors at the Monday morning
meeting unanimously agreed to refuse ------
its operation.
(A) to expand
(B) expanding
(C) expansion
(D) expansively
2. Because of government tax policy change the
company decided to discontinue ------- some
of its product lines for better profitability.
(A) manufacturing
(B) to manufacture
(C) manufacture
(D) manufacturer
3. Everyone is allowed ------ only in the
designated areas in the building.
(A) smoke
(B) to smoke
(C) smoking
(D) to smoking
4. ------ us of Mr. Peterson's early retirement
because of his disease has given us enough
time to recruit a good business coordinator.
(A) You warned
(B) Your have warned
(C) Your warning
(D) You are warning
5. Some tips on ------ a password are provided
below but I think random passwords are the
most secure method.
(A) creation
(B) to create
(C) creativity
(D) creating
6. Please remember that new Ni-MH batteries
must first be charged prior to being used and
that --------- them takes about two to three
hours.
(A) rechargeable
(B) recharged
(C) recharging
(C) recharges
7. After the mechanic checked every part of your
car he said that it would need ------.
(A) servicing
(B) serve
(C) to service
(D) to serve
8. Ms, Hashimoto, the recently promoted female
executive, is supposed to be responsible for
------- all the activities of several agencies.
(A) coordinating
(B) collaborating
(C) intending
(D) impending
9. The ------- of new products is not realistic
with a limited amount of funds.
(A) develop
(B) developer
(C) development
(D) developing
10. The upgrading of our outdated production
A
facilities is currently underway in an effort
B
to compete with other international
C D
corporations.
11. Most education experts advocate to reward
A B
children adequately or complimenting them for
C D
their good behavior.
12. To become a successful sales representative,
A
it is necessary for you to enjoy to talk with
B C
customers without showing any kind of
D
uncomfortable facial expression and gesture.
13. One of the major concerns facing corporations
A
doing business overseas is the attracting
B C
qualified employees with strong understanding
D
of local customs and culture.
1. We highly appreciate your payment within ten
days of -------- this notice ; otherwise, we
are forced to discontinue providing any
electricity service.
(A) recipient
(B) receipt
(C) reception
(D) receiving
2. There are a large number of factors that must
be taken into -------- as we plan the
marketing strategy for our expansion into new
business territory.
(A) considering
(B) considerate
(C) consideration
(D) considerable
3. Civil engineers presented a few creative ideas
------- improving the terrible rush hour
congestion throughout the city.
(A) for
(B) to
(C) onto
(D) in
4. The management was shocked at a
skyrocketing amount of budget of nearly $ 30
million for its refinery -------.
(A) expanding
(B) expanse
(C) expansive
(D) expansion
5. We train thousands of community organizations
and activists and conduct a thorough analysis
of media ------- for poorly maintained
working conditions.
(A) coverage
(B) cover
(C) covering
(D) covered
6. When dealing with their long-term accounts,
sales people are advised to establish ------
of trust and cooperation.
(A) sensing
(B) sense
(C) sensation
(D) sensitivity
7. The special characteristics of public services
will be taken into ------ in the evaluation of
and regulations concerning the provision of
public services.
(A) custody
(B) accounting
(C) account
(D) custom
8. We have recently opened the Customer Service
Center in the downtown to the ------- of all
customers.
(A) satisfactorily
(B) satisfaction
(C) satisfying
(D) satisfactory
9. To the sales manager's satisfaction, there
A
has been a remarkable improving in the sales
B C
figures during the past few months thanks to
D
your great dedication and cooperation.
10. After careful reviewing applications and
A
intensive interviews with some candidates for
B
the job opening in accounting, we unanimously
agreed that the second interviewee is
C
the most qualified.
D
11. After the government released the test results
A
of the genetically engineered food, people
B
have started to sign up for the seminar on it
three weeks from now with their great
C
interesting.
D
12. It is important that corporations save money
A
by reduction production costs or cutting their
B
workforce; otherwise they will eventually face
C
serious financial problems.
D
13. After completed a two week training session
A
all participants are expected to get used to
B C
handling new procedures.
D
14. Before returning to the customer service
A
center, all defective products purchased from
B C
our shop should be accompanied by original
D
receipts.
1. We at the executive board will present financial
awards for those who are ------- to the goal
of improving product quality.
(A) dedicate
(B) dedicated
(C) dedicating
(D) dedication
2. All office workers had to stay up last night,
because they were very busy ------- for the
upcoming annual audit.
(A) prepare
(B) preparing
(C) with preparing
(D) preparation
3. All staff working at the beautiful and cosy
restaurant downtown look ------- to serving
all of you who are supposed to enjoy our food
this Saturday night.
(A) for
(B) into
(C) forward
(D) toward
4. We are proud to introduce our researchers
who were ------ to developing new cancer
treatment.
(A) commit
(B) committed
(C) committing
(D) commitment
5. When it comes ------ hiring new people, we
should have all applications reviewed
thoroughly.
(A) with
(B) for
(C) of
(D) to
6. All management team members spent the
whole weekend ------- out how to deal with
the increasing defect rates in products.
(A) on figuring
(B) figurative
(C) to figure
(D) figuring
7. The university administration has a plan to hire
A B
three more part time workers to handling the
C
increasing amount of work.
D
8. Every member had better take any paper
A
for record all the numbers which will be very
B C
critical for sales evaluation.
D
9. It is necessary that an ideal candidate
be capable of dealing with a highly demanding
A B C
environment and get quickly accustomed to
handle stress.
D
10. The company has decided restructuring its
A
entire organization into three different and
B
intensive sections to compete with others in
C
both domestic and overseas markets.
D
1. Without a doubt, the municipal government,
which is in deep financial trouble, will stop
------ funds for research and development
with venture companies.
(A) to provide
(B) providers
(C) providing
(D) provision
2. The client strongly insisted that he could not
remember -------- to the guidelines detailed
in the contract.
(A) to agree
(B) agreement
(C) agreeable
(D) agreeing
3. Before sending documents or contracts to us in
A
the enclosed envelope, please remember
B
signing all of them.
C D
4. By placing advertisements on the internet and
A
the daily newspapers as well, one major car
B
maker has begun expanded its business
C
operation to broaden consumer awareness of
D
its new model.
10. 명사절
10. 명사절
1. The recent studies ------ that students learn
more effectively and easily with the help of
audio-video equipment which is perfect for the
presentation.
(A) indication
(B) to indicate
(C) indicating
(D) indicate
2. Our current computers ------- malfunction
because of viruses relentlessly attacking almost
all programs; therefore, users should be very
cautious when opening email from unknown
people.
(A) occasionally
(B) occasions
(C) occasional
(D) occasion
3. The employees in different division of the
company may ------- in their opinions on
how much they should receive incentives and
leave for their hard-working.
(A) differ
(B) different
(C) differential
(D) difference
4. The incumbent president didn't express
anything, when asked ------- he has any
intention to have early retirement or not.
(A) if
(B) how
(C) whether
(D) so that
5. ------ most workers have remained at the
same company over for 25 years can be a
testament to their loyalty and commitment to it.
(A) That
(B) After
(C) What
(D) Since
6. If you are having difficulty deciding ------ to
upgrade or not, this information may bring you
a little closer to your decision.
(A) if
(B) both
(C) that
(D) whether
7. The prosecutor made an announcement this
A
morning what his team was conducting a
B
thorough investigation on an illegal monopoly
C D
by the two big corporations.
1. ------- he finished the job on his own
amazed everyone within the company because
his accomplishment beat their expectations.
(A) What
(B) Although
(C) Weather
(D) That
2. ------- is new in the fashion industry is that
it aims at teenagers who can influence their
parents' purchasing decision.
(A) What
(B) That
(C) How
(D) Whether
3. There are some concerns as to ------ the
financial situation of the parent company is
good enough to deal with this unprecedented
economic depression.
(A) although
(B) whether
(C) that
(D) however
4. A key to business success is to realize ------
customers want to get good service and
commitment to the quality.
(A) so that
(B) which
(C) that
(D) in that
5. At the boarding meeting this morning we have
finally decided ------- to deal with the
reduced market share and come up with good
solutions.
(A) how
(B) what
(C) that
(D) which
6. The essence of solving problems within a
particular party is knowing ------- to do
when confronted with ongoing conflicts.
(A) what
(B) that
(C) which
(D) if
7. One of the many problems that a new business
owner faces is knowing -------- to spend on
product promotion and how to deal with conflict
with employees.
(A) if
(B) which
(C) how
(D) what
8. We intend to receive all the applications
regardless of ------ the applicants have
enough experience or satisfactory qualifications
for the position.
(A) that
(B) whether
(C) which
(D) what
9. If you still haven't viewed your order summary,
A
you will be brought to this page to verify which
B C D
your order is correct.
11. 접속사
11. 접속사
1. Recently, there has been a rumor around the
headquarters that ------ Mrs. Silvia carried out the project successfully she will be undoubtedly promoted to the higher position.
(A) before
(B) although
(C) after
(D) while
2. The economy added more than 30,000 jobs in
the second quarter ------ stronger domestic
demands encouraged businesses to hire more
workers.
(A) that
(B) if
(C) as
(D) which
3. We have enclosed additional copies of the
catalogues you had requested before -------
you can share with your regular customers.
(A) in order for
(B) so that
(C) according to
(D) although
4. According to the feedback from our loyal
customers it is advisable that the company
reform its business regulations -------
generate sales.
(A) so that
(B) so to
(C) in order to
(D) in order for
5. When you ------ to access your bank account, it is necessary to enter your PIN.
(A) wanted
(B) want
(C) wanting
(D) will want
6. The visa-issuing officer at the U.S. Embassy
told me my application was rejected --------
I did not have sufficient ties to the Czech
Republic.
(A) unless
(B) because
(C) rather than
(D) although
7. We have been requiring the management to
call every employee into a meeting -------
we can discuss several problems concerning
wage increase and working conditions.
(A) for
(B) that
(C) so that
(D) surely
8. ------- scientists have made every effort to
find good solutions to reduce the carbon
dioxide level in the air, there has been
significant improvement in the record.
(A) For
(B) Although
(C) If
(D) Since
9. Many tourists visiting China were so impressed
with the remarkable progress in economic
condition ------- they expected China to be
one of the most influential countries in the
near future.
(A) then
(B) as
(C) than
(D) that
10. Some of the stock market investors now
expect to reap great gains because they
bought substantial stocks ------ the price
was significantly lower than ever before.
(A) when
(B) what
(C) which
(D) why
11. Children under the age of 6 and the old over
the age of 60 alike are permitted to enter the amusement park -------- accompanied by responsible adults.
(A) without
(B) when
(C) but
(D) otherwise
1. ------- the service and food of the fastfood
restaurant in the downtown are excellent, its
dark interior design needs to be renovated
to change atmosphere more brightly.
(A) Despite
(B) While
(C) Whatever
(D) However
2. We can prepare either a buffet or a sit-down
dinner, ------ the number of guests expected
to show up at your reception scheduled to
take place this Friday.
(A) certain that
(B) resulting from
(C) partly because
(D) depending on
3. There is little possibility to get accepted;
nevertheless, some employees are eager to
present their original and ------- ideas for the
design and improvement of new products.
(A) creative
(B) creation
(C) creating
(D) creativity
4. It is recommended that formal complaints about
the current working conditions should be made
------ but not verbally.
(A) in writing
(B) written
(C) on file
(D) on the basis
5. We found a negative relationship between the
initial level of productivity and the subsequent
rates of productivity growth for the
manufacturing sector; -------, the estimated
parameter was not significant.
(A) however
(B) otherwise
(C) moreover
(D) therefore
6. All museum visitors are informed that they are
prohibited from taking photographs of displays
during the tour; ------ their cameras can be
seized.
(A) otherwise
(B) nevertheless
(C) although
(D) however
7. Even our market share after the aggressive
A
campaign is increasing, what surprises us
B C
most is how much our top competitor's share
D
in the market has fallen.
8. The scientists expressed their terrible
A
disappointment with the final results and did
B
not show any intention to proceed with the
C
experiment while the meeting in the
D
laboratory.
1. In case you have any trouble with regard to
savings accounts, do not hesitate to visit the
main office with ------- an identification card
and the original receipt.
(A) neither
(B) either
(C) both
(D) any
2. Whether buying ------- selling, the more
prepared you are with sufficient information, the
better position you are in the negotiation table.
(A) but
(B) and
(C) or
(D) nor
3. The orchestra decided on a balanced plan to
proceed with both new ------ familiar works.
(A) or
(B) but
(C) nor
(D) and
4. During the meeting, without any exceptions all
employees were requested not only to give
answers about past trends of consumption
patterns ------- also to anticipate next generation's shopping needs.
(A) and
(B) but
(C) so
(D) or
5. To get promoted, those interested in the
promotion need to show an impressive
performance record in the field, ------- a
willingness to assume responsibility and
dedicate themselves to mission.
(A) further
(B) along
(C) in addition
(D) as well as
6. Under the traffic rules all vehicles may stop at
the corner of the street downtown only to let
passengers get off, ------ to park.
(A) just
(B) yet
(C) not
(D) but
7. ------- management nor the union leaders
have been willing to accept the proposed wages from the mediator.
(A) Either
(B) Not only
(C) Whether
(D) Neither
8. For the benefit of both parties involved the representative on behalf of the enterprise as well as the dissatisfied customers ------- strong willingness to meet halfway suggested by the mediator.
(A) show
(B) shows
(C) to show
(D) showing
9. Two of the job candidates under serious
consideration had worked for the same
organization, ------ only one was familiar with
and well experienced in the management.
(A) not
(B) so
(C) or
(D) but
10. ------- construction of the new airport on
the outskirts of the city has been completed,
we expect to see an increasing inflow of
domestic and international tourists.
(A) Once
(B) So
(C) Whether
(D) For
11. In spite of the fact that a huge amount of
A
money has been invested in the space
B
programme for the past decade, but it proved
C
to be a failure.
D
12. 분사구문
12. 분사구문
1. ------- huge profits annually, the company is
still looking to new markets to generate more
revenues.
(A) Increases
(B) Increasing
(C) Increased
(D) Increasingly
2. With many executives -------- supporting
their idea, they will make a demand for more
budgets to develop new products.
(A) complete
(B) completed
(C) completely
(D) completion
3. When -------- to give an opening speech,
the guest speaker started to feel apprehensive.
(A) asked
(B) asks
(C) asking
(D) to ask
4. Every factory worker should work according to
the shift plan unless otherwise -------.
(A) indicated
(B) indications
(C) indicating
(D) indicative
5. We provide innovative and cost-effective
solutions for customers, ------- them to take
advantage of the latest technology in global
technology.
(A) allows
(B) allowing
(C) allowable
(D) allowance
6. Due to the more competitive market condition,
the net income was much less than ------- in
the first quarter of this year.
(A) have expected
(B) expected
(C) expect
(D) expecting
7. It is strongly recommended that everyone check
all details of the rental contract ------ renting
vehicles.
(A) rather than
(B) because of
(C) although
(D) when
8. Applications should be submitted ------
indicated below and if you use any misleading
or false information there is strong possibility
that you will be denied.
(A) as
(B) so
(C) than
(D) without
9. -------- unemployment rates high, the
government was severely criticised by the mass
media because of ineffective measures taken
to solve the problem.
(A) as
(B) With
(C) Because
(D) To
10. With Korean products ------- market share
in China, a lot more companies are planning
to establish their subsidiaries to reduce
production costs thanks to significantly lower wages for workers.
(A) gains
(B) gain
(C) gained
(D) gaining
11. The manager alleged that some of the
reasons ------- to him for this change of
direction were negative and too vague.
(A) gave
(B) had given
(C) given
(D) giving
12. The law -------- all motorists to wear
safety belts at all times when driving is
expected to start from next month.
(A) requiring
(B) required
(C) requirements
(D) which require
13. The school will not be responsible for items
------ in lockers during the vacation months.
(A) have remained
(B) remain
(C) remaining
(D) remained
14. ------- heard of the conditions of the
mergers, we recognised that prompt and
resolute reactions should be taken to deal
with this unfair deal.
(A) Had
(B) Have
(C) Having
(D) Has
15. When ------- the resume, it is necessary for
applicants to write the address on the
envelope to get the result in case other ways
such as email and phone service are not
available.
(A) mailing
(B) mailed
(C) mail
(D) mails
16. Not understood the risks involved, my father
A B
made investment decision which resulted in
C
his financial trouble and finally ended up
going bankrupt
D
17. The elderly living in the nursing house thanked
A B
him for his donations of $25,000, added that
C
they were very pleased with the better
D
refurbished accommodation.
18. Facing with growing dissatisfaction with
A B
services by the staff in the department store,
the management called everyone into a
C
meeting to deal with the problem.
D
19. It is necessary that all clothes be cleaned only
A B
as recommendation by the manufacturer;
C
otherwise, they can be damaged.
D
1. The ------- project to lay the infrastructure to
attract investment from international
businessmen needs to be amended and
specified.
(A) proposal
(B) proposing
(C) proposition
(D) proposed
2. This ------ statement indicates the flows of
incoming and outgoing capital in the foreign
exchange market.
(A) consolidated
(B) consolidating
(C) consolidate
(D) consolidation
3. Payment for all discounted goods displayed in
the store can be made by credit card or in
cash, but ------- checks are not accepted.
(A) private
(B) personified
(C) personality
(D) personal
4. During the negotiation process the management
accepted the union's demand to improve
------ health-care benefits.
(A) existing
(B) existential
(C) existential
(D) existed
5. If you are not ------- in purchasing of our
products any more, please keep in contact with
us and keep us informed of any change.
(A) interesting
(B) interest
(C) interests
(D) interested
6. Forming establishment staffed by -------
representatives can be a great asset for the
group so we should make every effort to bring
those people in our team.
(A) candidated
(B) dedicated
(C) nullified
(D) deducted
7. Small companies have suffered from getting
enough raw materials due to the strong
demand by China, but more -------
companies have dealt with the problem
successfully through their long term account.
(A) dependant
(B) contingent
(C) established
(D) solicited
8. There are a ------- number of places to build
a new waste field at the suburbs of the city
because of the potential depreciation of the
real estate value
(A) partial
(B) limited
(C) little
(D) few
9. Before the annual shareholder's meeting the
general coordinator has given us a ------
schedule requested in advance.
(A) detailing
(B) in detail
(C) detail
(D) detailed
10. One of the most difficult parts of my job is to
analyze the ------- amounts of information
by myself.
(A) expanding
(B) increasing
(C) enlarging
(D) incrementing
11. The presenter made a few embarrassed
A
mistakes during the seminar but the attendees
B
were very understanding without expressing
C D
any complaints.
1. The products could not draw any good
attention from customers despite a lot of
promotion and advertising through the mass
media because they were badly --------.
(A) designates
(B) designated
(C) designed
(D) designs
2. The two-year program will appeal to people
------- for advanced public relations training
in strategic analysis, issues management and
communications planning.
(A) anticipating
(B) looking
(C) stimulating
(D) approaching
3. Pay for utilities in a timely manner where such
utilities are supplied and ------- directly to
tenants by a utility provider.
(A) offered
(B) costed
(C) valued
(D) billed
4. In accordance with newly enacted regulations,
those ------- in the assembly line should
wear protective clothing otherwise they will get
significant penalty.
(A) worked
(B) working
(C) have worked
(D) have been working
5. Although I read the article about the verdict by
the high court I still couldn't get any implication
on the final decision ------- with manufacturer
liability.
(A) deal
(B) dealt
(C) dealing
(D) dealer
6. Special notices ------- any program or room
changes will be posted on the bulletin boards
around the premier.
(A) concerning
(B) concerned
(C) concern about
(D) concerns
7. At Monday's strategic meeting, all the
executives discussed the proposed approaches
to keep employees ------ to do their utmost.
(A) inspiration
(B) inspiring
(C) inspired
(D) inspirationally
8. This document provides the results and
analysis of the findings of inspections ------
on clinical trials by the Health Products and
Food Branch Inspectorate.
(A) conducted
(B) alerted
(C) carried on
(D) engaged
9. Virginia is a well-known city which has an international port ------- a significant number of distribution facilities to this region.
(A) attractive
(B) attracting
(C) attracted
(D) attracts
10. All the office equipment ------- photocopiers,
printers and fax machines should not be used
for personal purposes according to the
regulation.
(A) as well as
(B) such as
(C) in addition
(D) included in
11. The chairman gives his strong support for a
renewed focus on service to keep customers
-------.
(A) satisfaction
(B) satisfactory
(C) satisfyingly
(D) satisfied
12. The two leading candidates for the presidential
election will be on television ------ their
ideas.
(A) introduction
(B) introduce
(C) introductory
(D) introducing
13. Newly purchasing equipment should be used
A
for the company's purpose only and if you
B
want to use it for personal purpose you
C
should get permission.
D
14. A wiring statement will be distributed to the
A B
people who are involved in the collective
C
investment of the construction project.
D
15. All missed luggage should be claimed by
A B
presenting personal information to make sure
C
that the person claiming his possession of the
luggage is right.
D
16. The expansion of the department store means
A
more space and better services for the
B
customers used the facilities such as parking
C D
lot and elevators.
17. The company sent me a special notice
A
contained all the important information on how
B C
we can receive better service at a lower rate.
D
13. 관계사
13. 관계사
1. This historic building built three centuries ago is
now owned by a talented architect -------
has a great collection of antique artworks and
furniture.
(A) who
(B) what
(C) whoever
(D) which
2. At the annual shareholders' meeting, majority of
the attendees have voted for the candidate
------- proposal is considered very practical
and feasible.
(A) whom
(B) that
(C) his
(D) whose
3. As business consultant, you will be usually
reimbursed on an hourly basis, ------ is the
standard practice in the common consulting
business.
(A) where
(B) that
(C) which
(D) in which
4. It is an important first step in preparing for the
inevitable changes ------ will occur on this
small town in the coming years.
(A) that
(B) who
(C) whether
(D) what
5. Future Educator is a nonprofit association
------- the mission is to advance higher
education by promoting the intelligent use of
information technology.
(A) whose
(B) what
(C) of which
(D) whatever
6. The job for ------- many applicants applied is
very attractive because it offers great fringe
benefits and incentives commensurate with
performance and accomplishment.
(A) who
(B) that
(C) what
(D) which
7. The new train line, which has been running
since March, ------- the area suffered from
the transportation labor strike.
(A) serve
(B) service
(C) serves
(D) serving
8. During the peak season, it is very hard to
come by tickets ------- otherwise are easy to
get.
(A) who
(B) which
(C) whose
(D) whom
9. The biologists which have dedicated themselves
A B
to finding medical treatment for incurable
diseases for many years will be awarded for
C D
their strong commitment.
10. An account usually has identification or an
A B
account title indicating whom it belongs.
C D
11. Even though our market share in the
A
European market is significantly increasing,
B
which is surprising to us is how favorably
C D
consumers consider our products.
1. The firm announced that it has a plan to hire
more than 500 new workers, most of ------
have overseas job experience as well as
degrees in the related fields.
(A) who
(B) whom
(C) them
(D) those
2. Those countries ------ are highly dependent
on imported fuels have been struggling to find
alternative energy for many years.
(A) that
(B) in which
(C) those
(D) what
3. The exhibit that ------- the most attention
from the visitors until now is the one showing
the creative and innovative one displayed by
the two unknown engineers.
(A) attracted
(B) attracting
(C) has attraction
(D) has attracted
4. The organizer for the special exhibition of
antique art pieces should meet the deadline for
returning all of the well-known collector's
paintings ------- he has borrowed.
(A) of which
(B) from which
(C) that
(D) those
5. Most of us in the marketing department are
looking forward to our colleagueꡑs return from
the United States, ------- he made a great
presentation and also made the contract with
several American companies.
(A) where
(B) which
(C) in where
(D) when
6. When the company tried to meet the deadline,
A
Mr. Ramirez was one of the many employees B
whose put in a lot of overtime and
C D
cooperation.
7. To become a sensible investor in the
A
fluctuating stock market, which happens in any
B C
particular year is not usually of significance.
D
8. One of the main goals of this exhibit is
A
to display artifacts and highlight significant
B C
events that reflecting the ancient civilization's
D
cultures and its industrial history.
9. Surprisingly, most property sales involve
A B
payment of various fees and taxes that they
C D
normally amount to around 10% or more of the
purchase price.
10. If your shipment that sent to you arrives
A
damaged and it is clear that the shipping
B C
company damaged the product, please contact
us immediately and make sure what needs to
D
do.
14. 복합관계사
14. 복합관계사
1. Of the few items listed on the catalogue, we
can assure you that ------- you choose will
satisfy your expectation thoroughly.
(A) some
(B) Whatever
(C) whichever
(D) however
2. All business owners should listen carefully to
opinions from workers, ------ they choose as
a next director.
(A) whosever
(B) whoever
(C) whomever
(D) whichever
3. ------- interested in transferring to a new
branch office in New York needs to contact the
manager in charge by the end of this month.
(A) Some
(B) Anyone
(C) Whoever
(D) Who
4. The special incentives of $10,000 will be given
to -------- suggests the best idea for
improvement of the equipment maintenance.
(A) whoever
(B) those
(C) whomever
(D) who
5. Of the three currently under consideration,
------- applicant has impressive ideas will be
chosen for the presentation.
(A) which
(B) whoever
(C) whichever
(D) whatever
6. ------- the weather was not friendly, almost
all passengers had a quite comfortable flight.
(A) Although
(B) However
(C) Whatever
(D) No matter what
7. ------- he told me, people advised me that
there is nothing to believe.
(A) Although
(B) Wherever
(C) Whichever
(D) Whatever
8. A supervisor will seriously consider delegating
A B
an important assignment to whomever he
C
thinks is most qualified.
D
9. Anyone whoever is first to arrive at the office
A
tomorrow morning is expected to start a
B C
preparation job for the presentation.
D
10. Whoever wants to place an order for office
A
supplies are required to inform the department
B
handling the order at least a week
C
in advance.
D
11. Which team reaches the highest productivity
A B
this quarter will receive financial incentives
C
as well as a paid vacation for seven days.
D
1. ------- long the document may be, you as a
supervisor should scrutinize thoroughly without
skimming any words.
(A) Wherever
(B) Whatever
(C) However
(D) Whenever
2. However ------ the solicitors visited Amy, she
didn't let them in her place.
(A) frequently
(B) frequent
(C) frequency
(D) frequence
3. ------ it rains, our roof leaks so we need to
take care of it right away.
(A) However
(B) Wherever
(C) Whenever
(D) Whichever
4. The management indicated anyone whoever
A B
wants to take part in the free education
programs at the end of this year should
C
contact the person in charge.
D
15. 한정사
15. 한정사
1. With our ------- tourist attractions, we have
attracted more than 2 million tourists in the last
two quarters and have another plan to hold
international events to show beautiful scenery
around the country.
(A) diverse
(B) diversely
(C) diversifying
(D) diversification
2. For ------- years the Ministry of Education
has taken its expertise into schools and
colleges through workshops for teachers.
(A) every
(B) several
(C) various
(D) a lot
3. Despite a series of efforts put to make our
business successful, we can not expect our
operation will start for ------- month.
(A) one another
(B) others
(C) other
(D) another
4. After checking several materials for three
months, the director have finally finished
reviewing ------- of the contract amendments.
(A) all
(B) almost
(C) any
(D) every
5. As a guest speaker from the leading company
in the IT industry Mr. Tomas will speak about
the ------- of the Internet in the 21st century
and future.
(A) powerfulness
(B) power
(C) powerful
(D) powered
6. Whether you handle every of the aspects of
A B
the business from start to finish yourself, we
C
are ready to provide you with updated
D
information.
7. General Motors announced a long-term plan to
A
expand its international business operation in
collaboration with much subsidiaries in various
B C
locations.
D
8. There has been unusually heavy precipitation
A
this year so that we can supply a great
B
number of water for agriculture throughout the
C D
country.
9. In an effort to facilitate the movement from one
A
state to other, Ministry of Education will make
B
all attempts through close cooperation of other
C D
organizations.
1. Although many recognized scientists have
seriously discussed the potential bird flu crisis,
they still haven't found ------ effective
solution to address the problem.
(A) many
(B) any
(C) some
(D) much
2. Grounds for complaints filed can include
------- consumer negligence resulting in
physical harm to a consumer.
(A) another
(B) others
(C) other
(D) the other
3. The claims division of Welfare Life Insurance
Company will now be open ------- weekday
from 9 a.m. through 6 p.m.
(A) many
(B) on
(C) few
(D) every
4. Most sales representatives have strong doubts
about whether the company has the intention
to provide them with ------ of the
transportation means.
(A) many
(B) few
(C) no
(D) any
5. The fundraising benefit show made a huge
success, with over four ------- tickets sold
and a great amount of funds raised.
(A) thousand
(B) thousands
(C) thousands of
(D) thousand of
6. PIFF, an international film festival which is held
in Busan is ------- a popular event that a
great number of movie goers visit the city and
theaters.
(A) too
(B) such
(C) very
(D) so
7. One of the mostly successful events is called
A B
"Parents Day", a workday set aside for people
C
to bring their parents to participate with them.
D
8. The experiment results showed that most half
A B
of the water tested was not appropriate for
C D
drinking water.
1. ------ of the sales figures released at the
request of the consumer group are
approximately two years old, so they can not
be applicable to the current economy.
(A) Foremost
(B) Almost
(C) Utmost
(D) Most
2. After completing her graduate studies in
criminal law, Ms. Apple has recently been with
a law firm that ------ in both criminal and civil trials.
(A) specializes
(B) specialize
(C) is specialized
(D) specializing
3. The scientific reports published by the General
Graphic ------ severely criticized by most
professionals because they were not based on
any scientific experiments.
(A) have
(B) have been
(C) has
(D) was
4. The failure to pass the safety standard
requirement ------ that car should have been
tested thoroughly before released on the
market.
(A) has meant
(B) have meant
(C) mean
(D) meaning
5. Payment can be made by either personal check
A
or cash, and also we accept credit card
B C
without any interest to offer better customer
D
service.
6. The reports recently released by a well-known
A
research agency is solely based on information
B
and data that can be very helpful for expecting
C D
market trends.
7. Apparently, the company's failure to
satisfactorily meet customers' expectations
A
reflect investors' discouragement about the
B C
investment climates in South Korea.
D
8. The increasing number of bankruptcies in the
A
banking sector have significant effects on the
B C
whole economy.
D
16. 가정법
16. 가정법
1. We will have more chances to pass our
proposed bill through Congress ------- we
receive the supporting documents from
non-profit organization.
(A) unless
(B) so that
(C) once
(D) meanwhile
2. If you are not satisfied with quality of our
products or services, we ------- your refusal.
(A) approved of
(B) will approve of
(C) will approve for
(D) would approve
3. If your proposal submitted three days ago
------ more detailed, you would be our only
supplier of office furniture and supplies.
(A) were being
(B) was being
(C) had been
(D) has been
4. Accidents in the factory can be prevented if all
machine operators ------ informed of proper
safety procedures and follow them carefully.
(A) be
(B) had been
(C) were
(D) are
5. If the president of the company ------ all
employees to overwork without taking into
consideration their opinions, a labor dispute will
eventually take place.
(A) ask
(B) will ask
(C) asked
(D) asks
6. The recent report showed that there would be
no merger deal between the three major
carriers ------ it were the best interests of all
parties involved.
(A) as long as
(B) even
(C) unless
(C) only if
7. The final test results would be available if the
data ------ been entered into the computer
on time then.
(A) would have
(B) should
(C) had
(D) has
8. All researchers are allowed to the laboratory
------ they have two pieces of their
identification.
(A) as long as
(B) so that
(C) whereas
(D) in case
9. Members may make a request for a
replacement credit card on the phone -----
their address has changed, in which cases you
can make all request in writing.
(A) except
(B) unless
(C) otherwise
(D) without
10. Our sales division has decided to provide full
service 24 hours a day to promote and boost
company's goods ------- it means much
more money will be needed to maintain the
service.
(A) even as
(B) as if
(C) in case
(D) even if
11. If the company provided transportation
services for employees living in remote areas,
A
it is highly likely that they will use their own
B C
cars much less frequently.
D
12. Have I known the fact that the company
A
overcame the difficulties thanks to the outside
B
financial assistance, we would have arranged
C D
the negotiation to do business with it.
13. Please do not hesitate to speak with the
A
general manager should every customer has
B
any complaint of our products or service staff,
C D
14. If the government had not taken the strict
A
measures against the monopoly in the
B C
semiconductor industry, the competition
C
certainly would have eliminated.
D
1. ------- all application forms have been
received, the company will take enough time to
review them thoroughly.
(A) Once
(B) As far as
(C) So that
(D) Otherwise
2. ------- extreme fluctuations or tax law
changes in the real estate market, analysts
advise that investors keep their property
instead of selling it.
(A) Unless
(B) Except
(C) Barring
(D) With
3. Because it would be very complicated and
costly to automate the entire assembly line, we
will give approval only ------- it becomes
absolutely necessary.
(A) by
(B) to
(C) though
(D) if
4. The management team has just decided to
implement a new corporate spending policy
that they strongly believe will reduce overhead
costs ------ it increases net profits.
(A) even so
(B) even as
(C) only if
(D) as if
5. ------ sales figures for the next few months
are seemingly strong we have to prepare for
slow business; otherwise we will face inevitable
financial problems.
(A) Only if
(B) Even if
(C) As if
(D) Whatever
6. ------- building has been thoroughly
inspected, the tenants will be notified to move
in.
(A) Nevertheless
(B) Rather than
(C) Seldom
(D) As soon as
7. We could never have succeeded in emerging
A
as one of the prevailing companies under the
B
sun unless your strong cooperation and
C
dedication made to the company.
D
8. Assume the economy will strengthen in six
A B
months thanks to the improved consumer
confidence, demand for workers in the job
C
market will for sure be strong.
D
9. Due to the money constraint of the parent
A
company, it is doubtful whether some of its
B
subsidiaries will remain solvent until end of the
C D
year.
10. Fill up the car, in case of we run out of gas
A B
because we will drive to the distant city.
C D
17. 전치사
17. 전치사
1. The incumbent president showed his intention
at the press conference ------- questions
regarding his fiscal policy.
(A) yet
(B) nevertheless
(C) despite
(D) although
2. Most employees showed apprehension -------
a restructuring process which would probably
mean the massive layoffs as much as 30 % of
the entire workforce.
(A) due to
(B) despite
(C) because
(D) nevertheless
3. ------- the lower number of trains running
today, a large number of people are waiting
outside to get a seat once there are any
cancellations.
(A) Although
(B) Despite
(C) Throughout
(D) During
4. ------- he just graduated from university with
no experience in the field, Mr. Nixon's potential
has secured him a 3-year consulting contract
with one of the biggest car makers.
(A) Although
(B) Regarding
(C) Despite
(D) Regardless
1. It is highly important that all employees without
few exceptions collaborate ------ the new
project to survive the steep competition.
(A) with
(B) on
(C) in
(D) at
2 ------ the end of each year our company has
a training program at the company's expense
to help qualified applicants obtain all necessary
job requirements.
(A) At
(B) On
(C) By
(D) In
3. ------ his way to China, the Minister of
Agriculture has paid a visit to some farmers to
listen to their opinions on the negotiation on
imported produce.
(A) On
(B) From
(C) To
(D) Of
4. We will soon introduce a new security camera
whose feature provides 360 degree ------
continuous rotation so we guarantee no theft or
burglary will take place.
(A) of
(B) in
(C) by
(D) at
5. All orders that are shipped within the US will
be shipped via UPS for a small shipping
charge as little as $ 8 ------ of weight or
number of items.
(A) regard
(B) regardless
(C) regarding
(D) in regard
6. At the meeting, all the board members
unanimously agreed on the proposed
enlargement ------ the University Library, by
extending the south wing and adding to it an
extra story.
(A) with
(B) to
(C) of
(D) through
7. The company will give a big reception to
congratulate Ms. Rose ------ her 20 years of
working which has been very inspiring to all the other workers.
(A) to
(B) of
(C) for
(D) on
8. Please respond to this message immediately to
get free tickets ------ admission to the
picnic.
(A) into
(B) for
(C) until
(D) from
1. ------ the current employment contract,
employees are entitled to a request for a
transfer to other locations after completing four
years of working at one of our locations.
(A) Against
(B) Under
(C) Aside
(D) Behind
2. All phones located ------ the airport will not
be available for the time being due to the
unknown problems which occurred two hours
ago and many technicians have been trying to
find this problem.
(A) between
(B) within
(C) among
(D) through
3. ------ increasing the number of facilities, we
can attract new members who are eagerly
waiting for participation in the training program.
(A) To
(B) At
(C) With
(D) By
4. At the annual meeting the board members
decided on the proposal which can provide a
way to trim costs ------ increasing efficiencies
in an aggressive marketplace.
(A) by
(B) to
(C) on
(D) for
5. On the bulletin board there is a special notice
concerning an information session this
Wednesday ------ the professional
development seminars to be offered as of next month.
(A) within
(B) to
(C) during
(D) about
6. ------ the fact that we spent more on
education than most industrialized nations, our
children have fallen behind on tests of
academic knowledge, particularly in math and
science.
(A) Apart from
(B) Because of
(C) Despite
(D) Whereas
1. Some of the passengers have been denied
boarding ------ over-booking, the practice of
accepting more reservations than the available
capacity.
(A) in spite of
(B) along with
(C) because of
(D) on account
2. To expedite paper job it is absolutely necessary
for all office workers to transfer all paper
records ------ computer files.
(A) to
(B) at
(C) of
(C) by
3. The publication specifications -------- the
seventh edition of Master's Encyclopedia were
finally distributed to the local bookstores on the
15th of September.
(A) around
(B) for
(C) over
(D) off
4. The ability to handle delicate experiment
materials will be greatly improved ------
frequent practice and with extreme caution.
(A) along
(B) through
(C) throughout
(D) in
5. The government demanded that every company
have a strong capital base and high credit
ratings to get the government grant --------
requiring a large capital investment into the
current slow market.
(A) as well
(B) along
(C) in addition
(C) besides
6. Because there is a big chance of shower
tomorrow afternoon, the 5th anniversary of the
foundation will be held in the main banquet hall
------ the garden.
(A) instead of
(B) next
(C) on behalf of
(D) ahead of
7. Please refrain ------ taking photos or using
cellular phones during the performance
because it can possibly disturb actors and
actresses.
(A) from
(B) without
(C) about
(D) against
8. Under the new guidelines effective January 1,
all requests should be made in writing but not
verbally and sent ------- hand to the person
identified below.
(A) on
(B) by
(C) with
(D) through
9. To encourage people to participate in the
program actively and enthusiastically you
should understand and consider differences
------ individual and group activities
(A) between
(B) among
(C) about
(D) along
10. The local university as well as several
companies has been recognized for its
support of community programs ------ the
province.
(A) with
(B) throughout
(C) beside
(D) thorough
11. The board of executives fired the treasurer
because he had used a huge amount of
company money for personal reasons ------
their consent.
(A) unless
(B) as well as
(C) except for
(D) without
18. 관사
18. 관사
1. The Jhonson's Family Business reserves the
right to limit the number of seasonal sale items
to no more than four per -----.
(A) purchasing
(B) purchasable
(C) purchase
(D) purchases
2. The reckless driver was caught and ticketed by
the police officer because he was driving at
the speed of 150 kilometers ------ hour.
(A) by
(B) an
(C) the
(D) every
3. All entrepreneurs are take the advantage of
A
the resources which are very useful and
B
necessary for running business both
C
domestically and internationally.
4. Of the two bosses I have worked for, Brown
A B
Lee in charge of customer service was
C
more demanding.
D
5. After an complete review of Dr. Green's latest
A
study, the researchers strongly suggested that
B
some of his findings were in an error.
C D
6. Most of sales figures released at the press
A
conference is nearly three years old, which
B C
means much more updated information will be
D
needed.
7. The high ranking official whom I talked to about
A
the possible expansion of the city over phone
B C
was on a business trip to attract potential
D
investment groups.
8. As general rule, vegetable oils are considered
A B
much better for health than animal fats.
C D
19. 도치구문
19. 도치구문
1. ------- have the market conditions been more
ideal for expanding business territory by
opening more locations.
(A) Seldom
(B) No sooner
(C) Although
(D) Even
2. Ms. Jennifer will not be able to in person
attend the annual conference in Seattle next
month, and ------ will her personnel director.
(A) so
(B) also
(C) neither
(D) either
3. ------ had the annual stockholders' meeting
started when impatient attendees began
complaining about unexpectedly delayed
seminar.
(A) Hardly
(B) Nearly
(C) Lately
(D) No sooner
4. ------ professional analysts collected more
accurate information on the economic condition
of South Asian countries, most investors would
have lost a less amount of their investments.
(A) Should
(B) Had
(C) Having
(D) Have
5. ------- do the sales representatives have to
analyze current market trends but also they are
expected to anticipate customers' reactions and
get feedback from them.
(A) Not until
(B) Seldom
(C) Hardly
(D) Not only
6. Had customers been aware of the latest
A
features shown on our advertisement of today's
B
newspaper, they have used our products
C
much more efficiently.
D
7. Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the
A B
application process proceeds to the next stage.
C D