Lemma 목록 개발 시 주의사항

레마목록을 볼 때마다 고민했던 부분이 여기 잘 정리되어 있네요.Antconc, Antwordprofiler, Range 등의 프로그램에 레마목록을 사용하려고 하면 목록 안에 에러가 많이 발견됩니다.그 이유는 동일한 스펠링인데 headword일 수도, inflection일 수도 있는 단어들이 많기 때문입니다.결국 연구자가 operational definition을 내려가며 정리해야 할 것 같습니다.비슷한 고민을 하신 분들은 아래 글이 도움 되길 바랍니다. L.Bauer & P.Nation. (1993). Word_Families (pp271-272) Appendix 2 Discussion of individual affixes Level 2 There are many problems in defining the set of inflectional affixes. Firstly, there are disagreements in the literature as to what constitute the set of inflectional categories of English. Some include plural, others do not (Beard 1982); some include comparative and superlative (Jensen 1990: 116), others do not (Mugdan 1989: 178); most do not include the negative marker n't, but some do (Zwicky & Pullum 1983); some include the possessive -'s but increas- ingly it is not included (Zwicky 1992). Consequently, any list of the inflectional categories of English is controversial. Secondly, having made the decision regarding what inflectional categories to include, we have the problem that not all of the words constructed according to the principles of these categories are necessarily clearly inflectional. Consider He is shooting clay-pigeons I watched him shooting clay-pigeons His shooting clay-pigeons disturbed me His shooting of clay-pigeons was very disturbing The shooting of clay-pigeons went on all day Clay-pigeon shooting is an expensive pastime Without wishing to claim that there is a definite level in this list at which the -ing ceases to be inflectional and becomes derivational, we note that the interpretation of the -ing in the first and last items in the list is not the same. Similar (though less striking) problems arise with the use of past participles as adjectives. We will conveniently ignore this problem and include all -ed and -ing forms formed from verbs. Thirdly, there are degrees of regularity. Every non-modal verb must have a 272 Laurie Bauer and Paul Nation third-person singular present tense form; not every noun must have a plural form. If a verb ends in an -s affix, it must be the third person singular of the present tense; if a noun ends in an -s affix it does not have to be a plural (consider measles, news, Mums (as a term of endearment), etc.). The well- known problems that native speakers and writers of English have with apo- strophes mean that the presence or absence of an apostrophe cannot be taken as criterial or meaningful outside a very strictly edited text. The possessive presents its own problems. As noted above, many do not now recognize it as an inflectional affix at all, but treat it as a clitic. This is because it is added not to nouns, but to noun phrases, as the examples below show: The woman's hat The woman I met yesterday's hat The woman in green's hat The woman who died's hat The -s attaches itself to the last word in the noun phrase, rather than to the noun, as is the case with inflectional affixes. To recognize died's as containing a possessive despite being verbal requires a level of grammatical sophistication. It would be possible to sub-divide the inflectional affixes according to any one or more of the types of problem mentioned above. It would be possible to have a Level 2a consisting of only those affixes which everyone agrees are inflectional, and a Level 2b consisting of the others mentioned; it would be possible to have a Level 2a consisting of only those affixes which never cause orthographic alternations (such as 's), and a Level 2b consisting of those which do; and so on. Where English is concerned, the number of inflectional affixes and their behaviour does not seem to merit such distinctions, though we recognize that they might be desirable or necessary in other languages.