4. 과거시제 (be동사 & 과거진행형) + 동사의 활용

<P> </P> <P><a href='javascript:fileFilterViewer("http://cfile293.uf.daum.net/attach/1228EE0E49B0C7AEF83508", "/cfile293/12/28EE0E49B0C7AEF83508", "과거시제 (be동사 & 과거진행형) 동사의 활.hwp", "grpid%3D1FaXM%26fldid%3DRJja%26dataid%3D4%26fileid%3D1%26regdt%3D20090226192521&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcfile293.uf.daum.net%2Fattach%2F1228EE0E49B0C7AEF83508")'><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/daumtop_deco/icon/icon.hanmail.net/editor/p_hwp_s.gif" border="0" alt="첨부파일" class="vam"/> 과거시제 (be동사 & 과거진행형) 동사의 활.hwp</a></P> <P> <TABLE class=contents cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=22 width="100%" bgColor=#ffffff border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD class=s8t style="PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 12px" bgColor=#f9f9f9><FONT size=3><FONT color=#ff0099> <DIV align=left><STRONG>[Lesson 4]</STRONG></DIV> <DIV align=center><STRONG>과거시제 (be동사 & 과거진행형) + 동사의 활용 </STRONG></DIV></FONT></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE class=today cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD height=20> <P><STRONG><BR><BR>p.106 [be 동사의 과거형]</STRONG></P> <P>※ be 동사: ~ 이다/ 있다 (상태) => <FONT color=#3399ff><B>~ 였다/ 있었다</B></FONT> <BR></P> <TABLE style="MARGIN-LEFT: 41.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#cccccc cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=2 border=1> <TBODY> <TR> <TD height=60 rowSpan=2>I<BR><BR></TD> <TD bgColor=#e0e0e0 height=180 rowSpan=6>was<BR><BR></TD> <TD width=198 height=30>    a student(명사)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>last year.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=198 height=30>    watching TV(진행형)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>at 10 last night.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD height=61 rowSpan=2>He<BR><BR></TD> <TD width=198 height=30>    tall(형용사)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>when he was young.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=198 height=31>    studying English(진행형)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>when you called him.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=100 height=30>She<BR></TD> <TD width=198 height=30>    in Sydney(장소를 나타내는 말)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>in 1998.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=100 height=30>It<BR></TD> <TD width=198 height=30>    hot(형용사)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>yesterday.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=100 height=30>You/They/We<BR></TD> <TD width=31 bgColor=#e0e0e0 height=30>were<BR></TD> <TD width=198 height=30>    at home(장소)<BR></TD> <TD width=147 height=30>last night.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P>① be 동사 과거의 부정: be 동사 뒤에 <STRONG><FONT color=#3399ff>not</FONT></STRONG>을 붙인다. </P> <P> <TABLE style="MARGIN-LEFT: 41.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#cccccc cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=4 border=1> <TBODY> <TR> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=144 height=35> <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 굴림; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><BR>I <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #e0e0e0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=36 height=35> <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 굴림; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><BR>was <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #e0e0e0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=center height=70 rowSpan=2> <P class=MsoNormal align=center><BR><B><FONT color=#3399ff>not</FONT></B></P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=144 height=35> <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 굴림; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><BR>You/They/We <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #e0e0e0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=36 height=35> <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 굴림; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><BR>were<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=144 height=35> <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 굴림; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><BR>He/She/It<O:P> <BR></O:P></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #e0e0e0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" vAlign=top width=72 colSpan=2 height=35> <P class=MsoNormal align=center><BR><B><FONT color=#3399ff>wasn’t</FONT></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <P>② be 동사 과거의 의문문: be 동사와 주어의 위치가 바뀐다. <BR><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex1)</TD> <TD width="95%">Were you at home last night?</TD></TR> <TR> <TD></TD> <TD width="95%">- Yes, I was.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD></TD> <TD width="95%">- No, I wasn't.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex2)</TD> <TD width="94%">Where were you last night?</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex3)</TD> <TD width="94%">How was the movie?</TD></TR> <TR> <TD></TD> <TD width="94%">- It was good.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex4)</TD> <TD width="95%">Were you studying English when I called you?</TD></TR> <TR> <TD></TD> <TD width="95%">- Yes, I was.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD></TD> <TD width="95%">- No, I wasn't.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex5)</TD> <TD width="94%">What were you doing?</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P><STRONG>p.183 [과거형(Past Tense)]</STRONG></P> <P>＊ 과거형(Past Tense): 과거의 동작이나 상태를 나타낸다.</P> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>1)</TD> <TD width="97%">I <U>was</U> in the hospital last month.(<B><FONT color=#3399ff>과거의 상태</FONT></B>)</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="3%"> </TD> <TD width="97%">cf. go to the doctor: 병원에 가다.(심각하지 않은 보통의 경우)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>2)</TD> <TD width="97%">My father <U>left</U> for Hongkong just now. (일반동사 과거형 불규칙변화)</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> </TD> <TD width="97%">She <U>loved</U> me.(일반동사 과거형 규칙변화)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <P><STRONG>p.102 [일반동사의 과거형과 과거분사]</STRONG></P> <P>＊ 일반동사의 과거시제: ~ 하다(동작/행동) => <FONT color=#3399ff><B>~ 했다</B></FONT></P> <P>1) <B><FONT color=#ff6699>과거형과 과거분사를 만드는 방법</FONT></B></P> <TABLE style="MARGIN-LEFT: 41.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#cccccc cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=2 width=502 border=1> <TBODY> <TR bgColor=#e0e0e0> <TD width=113 height=30>동사원형의 어미</TD> <TD width=110 height=30>-(e)d를 만드는 방법</TD> <TD width=334 height=30> <DIV align=center>예</DIV></TD></TR> <TR vAlign=center> <TD width=113 height=30> e<BR></TD> <TD width=110 height=30> e + -d<BR></TD> <TD vAlign=center width=334 height=30>  I like<FONT color=#3399ff><B>d</B></FONT> him.</TD></TR> <TR vAlign=center> <TD width=113 height=30> 자음 + y<BR></TD> <TD width=110 height=30> y -> i + -ed<BR></TD> <TD width=334 height=30>  You stud<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ied</FONT></B> English last night.</TD></TR> <TR vAlign=center> <TD width=113 height=30> 모음 + y<BR></TD> <TD width=110 height=30> y -> y + -ed<BR></TD> <TD width=334 height=30>  They play<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B> soccer yesterday.</TD></TR> <TR vAlign=center> <TD width=113 height=30> 단모음 + 자음<BR></TD> <TD width=110 height=30> + 자음 + -ed</TD> <TD width=334 height=30>  He stop<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ped</FONT></B> smoking.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>※</TD> <TD width="96%">장모음이나 이중모음인 경우 -ed 만 붙인다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD width="96%">need -> need<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B>, wait -> wait<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="4%">※</TD> <TD width="96%">2음절이지만 둘째 음절에 강세가 오면 마지막 자음을 한 번 더 쓴 다음 -ed 를 붙인다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="4%">ex)</TD> <TD width="96%">admit -> admit<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ted</FONT></B>, commit -> commit<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ted</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="4%">※</TD> <TD width="96%">2음절이지만 강세가 첫 음절에 있는 경우에는 -ed 만 붙인다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="4%">ex)</TD> <TD width="96%">visit -> visit<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B>, finish -> finish<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="3%">※</TD> <TD width="97%">둘째 음절 끝에 오는 자음의 경우 미국식과 영국식이 서로 다르다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="3%">ex)</TD> <TD width="97%">미국식: travel -> travel<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B>, cancel -> cancel<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ed</FONT></B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="3%"> </TD> <TD width="97%">영국식: travel -> travel<B><FONT color=#3399ff>led</FONT></B>, cancel -> cancel<B><FONT color=#3399ff>led</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE width="75%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="3%">※</TD> <TD width="97%">-c[k] 로 끝나는 단어는 발음 때문에 자음 'k'를 쓴 다음 -ed 를 붙인다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="3%">ex)</TD> <TD width="97%">picnic -> picnic<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ked</FONT></B>, mimic -> mimic<B><FONT color=#3399ff>ked</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P>2) <B><FONT color=#ff6699>-ed(동사의 과거형 · 과거분사)의 발음</FONT></B></P> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>①</TD> <TD>무성음으로 끝나는 동사는 [<B><FONT color=#3399ff>t</FONT></B>]발음이 난다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>She <U>kissed</U> my hand.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> </TD> <TD>She <U>helped</U> me.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> </TD> <TD>He <U>laughed</U> at me.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> </TD> <TD>He <U>passed</U> the exam.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> </TD> <TD>I <U>asked</U> him a question.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> </TD> <TD>She <U>pushed</U> up a window.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>     </TD> <TD>No one <U>matched</U> me in singing.(어느 누구도 내 노래솜씨와 쌍벽을 이루지 못한다.)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>②</TD> <TD>유성음은 [<B><FONT color=#3399ff>d</FONT></B>]발음이 난다.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>played, lived, planned, filled</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>③</TD> <TD>-d 나 -t 로 끝날 때는 [<B><FONT color=#3399ff>id</FONT></B>]로 발음한다.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>ended, waited, wanted, needed</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P><STRONG>p.195 [불규칙동사]</STRONG> </P> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>1)</TD> <TD><B><FONT color=#ff6699>현재, 과거, 과거분사형이 같은 경우</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>cost-cost-cost, cut-cut-cut</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>2)</TD> <TD><B><FONT color=#ff6699>과거와 과거분사형이 같은 경우</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>bring-brought-brought, buy-bought-bought, catch-caught-caught</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>3)</TD> <TD><B><FONT color=#ff6699>현재와 과거분사형이 같은 경우</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>come-came-come</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>4)</TD> <TD><B><FONT color=#ff6699>현재, 과거, 과거분사형이 모두 다른 경우</FONT></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>ex)</TD> <TD>begin-began-begun, get-got-gotten(got), see-saw-seen</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>