영어심화특강 학습자료 [원서독해/영자신문/Grammar]

[도샘]

[Q 1 ~ 10 ]

  Not long ago my wife sent me to town on an errand. I walked to the hardware store, and bought a small can of paint. Then I returned home.  Handing my wife the paper bag containing the paint, I said, "Here's the paint you wanted."

  My wife looked in the bag, then looked at me. "I told you," she said slowly, "to get me a quart of vanilla ice cream."

  ⓐ(Alarmed / alarming) over my absentmindedness, I ⓑ (a, paid, on, call ) my family doctor. He was very kind.

  "Your case," he said, "is a simple one and should give you no concern.  If you know you're absentminded, you're okay.  It's nothing to worry about. But if you're so far gone you don't know you're absentminded, you may be in trouble."

  "Many famous people have been absentminded," the doctor told me. "Thomas Edison was standing in line one day to pay his taxes.  When he arrived at the window, he found that he had forgotten his own name. He turned to the man next in line and forgotten his own name. He turned to the man next in line and ⓒ(asking / asked) , 'Can you tell me who I am ?' The man told him."

  I felt much better and got up to leave. "Thank you, doctor," I said. "How much do I owe you?"

  "Ten dollars for the check-up." the doctor answered.

  "But doctor, I didn't have a check-up."

  The doctor looked ⓓ (puzzled / puzzling) .  He scratched his head. "Oh, yes," he said, "it was the ⓔ (        ) before you. How absentminded of me! "

※ Find the best answer to each question. Circle the letter of your answer.

Q 1. ⓐ 에 적절한 어휘 고르기 : 정답 - alarmed

Q 2. ⓑ - “방문하다”의 뜻이 되도록 영작하기. : 정답: paid a call on

Q 3. ⓒ 에 적절한 어휘 고르기 : 정답 - asked

Q 4. ⓓ 에 적절한 어휘 고르기 : 정답 - puzzled

Q 5. ⓔ 에 들어갈 단어 고르기 : 정답 - 3번

        ①doctor       ②nurse         ③patient       ④ patience    ⑤ pageant

Q 6.                    This passage is concerned with

Subject matter         A. the dangers of absentmindedness.

                        B. the commonness of absentmindedness.

                        C. how to tell if you're absentminded.

                        D. three examples of absentmindedness.

                        E. a doctor's advice about absentmindedness.   * 정답: B

Q 7.                   The passage indicates that absentmindedness is

Generalization          A. rare.

                        B. widespread.

                        C. a grave problem.

                        D. a matter for concern.

                        E. none of the above.          *정답: B

Q 8.                   The doctor was puzzled because he had

Detail                  A. missed an appointment.

                        B. made a wrong purchase.

                        C. lost his memory.

                        D. been unable to remember his name.

                        E. forgotten the purpose of his patient's call.   *정답: E

Q 9.                   According to the passage, if you know you're absentminded, you should

Significance            A. be alarmed.

                        B. consult a doctor.

                        C. not be overly concerned.

                        D. take pains to conceal your problem.

                        E. teach yourself to concentrate.                       * 정답: C

Q 10.                  The tone of this passage may be described as

Conclusion             A. matter of fact.

                        B. sarcastic.

                        C. humorous.

                        D. amazed.

                        E. deeply concerned.                   * 정답: C

Q 11.  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

   This is Jane’s first day on the job, and she is learning ① how to do her work properly. Jane is doing her best, but it is ② so hot for her to work well. There is a maintenance department in the building, yet it takes the department almost two weeks ③ to do repairs. Jane wants to submit a work order for the air conditioning repair right away. She could send the work order ④ through the mail service. But she wants the work to be done quickly, so she decides ⑤ to deliver it by hand.  

* 정답: 2) : 문맥상 너무 더워서 일을 잘할수 없다 는 뜻이므로 too hot 으로 고쳐야함.

[12 ~ 13] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

    A modern ocean-going ship is basically a floating steel box. But it is a box of almost unimaginable ㉠(      ),      (A)    by man to carry thousands of human lives at a time, or thousands of tons of cargo, across the widest oceans. It must be capable of withstanding the awesome forces of weather and the pounding of waves coming from a hundred different directions. It must combine strength and flexibility, great power and the precise balance to roll with the punches of the sea. A ship is a box     (B)    by a small wheel and guided across the trackless sea by stars and a few devices made by man.

Q 12. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?

              (A)                           (B) 

① it is shaped and equipped    …·    that can be controlled

② it is shaped and equipped    …·    can control

③ shaped and equipped         …·    that can be controlled

④ it is shaped and equipped    …·    can be controlled

⑤ shaped and equipped         …·    that can control

* 정답: 3) A - 관계대명사 + be 동사 가 생략된 과거분사가 들어가야 함.

B - a ship is a box 가 완전한 문장이므로 B 이하는 a box를 수식하는 관계대명사절이 되고, box 와 control 은 수동의 관계이므로 that can be controlled 가 맞다.

Q 13. ㉠에 들어갈 가장 적절한 어휘 고르기.

        ①complement  ②human being's hands  ③endeavor  ④complexity  ⑤capacity

* 정답: 4)

The Frozen Man

  On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent. But 1991 had been and especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.

  It was lying face downward. The skeleton was in perfect condition, except for a large wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax. On the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby ⓐ (was / were) a pair of gloves ⓑ (making / made) of tree bark and a holder for arrows.

  Who was this man ? How and when had he died ? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. The mountain climbers who had found the body said it seemed thousands of years old. But others thought that it might be from this century. Perhaps it was the body of a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ. In fact, several World War Ⅰ soldiers had already been found in that area of the mountains. On the other hand, a Swiss woman believed it might be her father. He had died in those mountains 20 years before and his body had never been found.

  When Italian and Austrian scientist heard about the discovery they rushed to the mountaintop. The body couldn't  possibly be the Swiss woman's father, they said. The boots, the gloves, and the ax were clearly from further back in the past. For the same reason, they said it couldn't be a World War Ⅰ soldier. It had to be at least several centuries old, they said, maybe even five centuries. It could have been one of the soldiers in the army of Frederick, Duke of Austria.

  Before they could be sure about this guess, however, the scientists needed more data. They needed to bring the body down the mountain so they could study it in their laboratories. The question was, ⓒ (whom/ who) did it belong to?  It was lying almost exactly on the border between Italy and Austria. Naturally, both countries wanted the frozen man for their laboratories and their museums. For two days, the body lay there in the mountains while diplomats argued. Finally, they decided that it lay on Austrian ground. By that time the body was ⓓ (     ) unfrozen and somewhat damaged.

  When the Austrian scientists examined the body more closely, they changed their minds. They did not know yet how he had died, but they did know when: in about 2,700 B.C. This was a very important discovery, they said. It would teach them a great deal about this very distant period of European history. From the clothes and tools they could learn about how men lived in those times.

1. This passage is about

        a. a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ

        b. mountaintop discoveries

        c. how men lived in the distant past

        d. a frozen body found in the mountains       정답: d

2. The body was found by

        a. some Austrian scientists

        b. a Swiss woman

        c. two German mountain climbers

        d. soldiers in the army of Frederick of Austria         정답: C

3. The body was in good condition because

        a. it had always been frozen

        b. the scientists took good care of it

        c. the air was very dry

        d. it had just fallen there              정답: A

4. When the body was first found

        a. everyone thought it must be 20 years old

        b. everyone had a different theory about it

        c. no one had any idea about where it came from

        d. scientists were sure it was thousands of years old          정답: B

5. When the scientists saw the body, they said it

        a. might be five centuries old

        b. must be from this century

        c. was probably the Swiss woman's father

        d. probably was a soldier from World War Ⅰ          정답: A

6. The body lay on the mountain for two days because

        a. the Swiss woman didn't want anyone to touch it

        b. no one could find it

        c. the Austrian and Italian governments were fighting over it

        d. neither the Austrians nor the Italians wanted it              정답: C

7. After examining the body, the scientists said

        a. the frozen man had died in war

        b. it was partly unfrozen

        c. the frozen man was almost 5,000 years old

        d. they did not know the cause of his death           정답: C

8. We can learn about how people lived in the distant past from

        a. their feet

        b. their clothes and tools

        c. their museums

        d. the mountains               정답: B

9. 문맥을 고려하여 위 글의 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ 에 적절한 표현 고르기.             정답: was, made, whom

10. 문맥을 고려하여 위 글의 ⓓ에 들어갈 표현으로 적절히 못한 것은 ?

① partly ② comparatively ③ relatively ④ entirely ⑤ somewhat       정답: 4)

* 출처: Longman more reading power

[어 법]

Q 1. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?

  Kicking the ball looks (A) but it is not. The first thing you must remember (B) is to keep your eye on the ball at all times. Use only the point of your shoe to kick the ball. Have someone (C) it in place while you practice.

      (A)            (B)        (C) 

① easy    …·     doing    …· to hold

② easily    …·    to do    …· hold

③ easy    …·     doing    …· hold

④ easily    …·    to do    …· to hold

⑤ easy    …·     to do    …· hold

 * 정답: 5)

Q 2.  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

   Thomas Hardy asked me ① to lunch, and I accepted it. There were only he, his wife and ② I at the meal. It was about the time when Jude the Obscure had ③ been published, and I was loud in my praise of that work. Mrs. Hardy was ④ far from sharing my praise. It was the first novel of his, she told me, that he had published without first letting her read it. Had she read it, she added, it would not ⑤ be published. 

* 정답: 5)

Q 3.  (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?

  Today, air pollution is a serious problem. Cars, buses, all sorts of machines pour smoke, (A) , soot, and poisoned gases into the air. This pollutes the air and makes (B) unclean. The polluted air reduces the amount of oxygen in the air. It can make people ill and (C) plants.

    (A)           (B)               (C) 

① dirt    …·      it        …·    harm

② dirt    …·      them    …·     harms

③ dirty    …·     it       …·     harm

④ dirty    …·     them    …·    harm

⑤ dirt    …·       it      …·     harms

* 정답: 1)

[06. 8. 8. 수업 materials]

  Another thing to remember is connection with concrete is that you're not allowed very much ⓐ (           ) for errors in either measurements or location. Once you have a solid mass of concrete set in place, it is going to stay there. You have a difficult job ahead of you if you try to remedy a mistake.  Make very sure, before you fill the form, that everything is where and how you want it.

  There are numerous rules regarding the proper mixing, handling, and finishing of concrete, but the essential one concerns the amount of water to use.  The less water in the mix, the less the finished job will shrink.  The less water used, the harder and more enduring the job after it has set.

  The amateur concrete worker is plagued with two desires. One is to use enough water to have the concrete nice and soft and easy to push around.  You have been warned against that.  The second is to take off the wooden forms too early, to see what the job looks like.  That is really fatal. If the forms are stripped off too soon, while the concrete is still "green", two things are likely to happen - you are almost sure to break off corners or edges, and you're likely to cause a major crack or defect in the body of the work. An excellent rule is to wait until you're sure the concrete is ⓑ (properly / proper) hardened, and then wait another day before removing the forms.

Q 1. The best title for this selection would be :

        A. Rules for Working with Concrete.

        B. Concrete and Its Uses.

        C. Concrete, the Homeowner's Joy.

        D. Concrete, a Test of Character.

        E. How to Finish Concrete.                    정답: A

Q 2. Two of the main thoughts in this passage are (1) preparation of forms for the concrete must be thorough, and (2) forms must be allowed to remain on long enough.  The third main idea is

        A. taking off forms beforehand will probably cause a crack in the body of the work.

        B. trying to make changes after concrete has been poured is not recommended.

        C. mixing concrete properly will make it very hard and strong.

        D. keeping concrete from shrinking as much as possible is desirable.

        E. using as little water as possible is recommended.           정답: E

Q 3. In mixing concrete, one of the desires the amateur must resist is to

        A. break off a corner to see if the "green" has gone.

        B. leave the form on too long.

        C. strip off the forms a day after the concrete has properly hardened.

        D. use too much water.

        E. use too little water.                         정답: D

Q 4. A human quality apparently not essential in someone who works with concrete is

        A. carefulness                 B. Patience.

        C. self-control.                 D. sense of spatial relations.

        E. inventiveness.                                               정답: E

Q 5. By the concrete being too "green", the auther means that the concrete has

        A. become discolored because of its contact with the wooden forms.

        B. become cracked.

        C. not yet cured.

        D. not dried out.

        E. not settled in place.                         정답: C

Q 6. In instructing the reader in the intricacies of working with concrete, the author

        A. gives specific instances of concrete work that went wrong.

        B. allows the reader to find the solution to the problem from his own experience.

        C. overstates the dire consequences of an error.

        D. presents each problem and gives its solution.

        E. understates the things that may go wrong.                  정답: D

Q 7. 문맥을 고려하여 ⓐ 에 들어갈 적절한 표현을 고르시오.

        A. complexity          B. intricacy            C. sophistication       D.  simplicity

        E. leeway                                                      정답: E

Q 8. 문맥을 고려하여 ⓑ에 들어갈 적절한 표현을 고르시오.                 정답: properly

* 출처: 100 passages to develop reading comprehension 1st edition.

Seoul Will Get More Passport Windows

AUGUST 07, 2006

The government and ruling Uri Party will increase the number of the passport issuance windows to two or three from one at 10 district offices in Seoul to deal with the backlog of passport applications. Also, citizens will get their passports issued at public offices in their town.

In addition, the government and Uri party plan to deliver passports by mail when local governments send passport applications to the Seoul authorities. The cost will be paid by the receivers.

They will also discuss establishing a passport center under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to issue a number of passports in a short time when applications are submitted as a group by tour agencies.

* district offices : 구청

* backlog     n.(화력을 좋게 하기 위해 난로 깊숙이 넣어두는) 큰 장작

                ;accumulation, excess, overload, surplus

                ant.  shortage

* public offices : 동사무소

동사무소서도 여권발급 추진 AUGUST 07, 2006 05:52 정부와 열린우리당은 여권 발급 적체에 따른 불편을 해소하기 위해 여권 발급 업무를 대행하는 서울시내 10개 구청의 여권 창구를 현재 각각 1개에서 2, 3개로 늘리고 동사무소에서도 여권 발급 서비스를 실시할 방침이다. 당정은 7일 정책조정협의회를 열어 이 같은 방안과 함께 지방자치단체가 여권을 발급한 경우 택배를 이용해 수신자 부담으로 각 가정에 배달해주도록 하는 방안도 검토하기로 했다. 여행사를 통한 단체 접수의 경우 외교통상부 내에 통합 발급 센터를 설치해 처리하도록 하는 방안도 논의한다.

* 출처 : 동아일보

  ▶ One silly question I simply can't stand is "How do you feel ?"  Usually the question is asked of a man in action - a man on the go, walking along the street, or working up a storm at his desk .  So what do you expect him to say ? He'll probably say, "Fine, I'm all right," but ⓐ you've put a bug in his ear - maybe now he's not sure.  If you're a good friend, you may have seen something in his face, or his walk, that he overlooked that morning. It starts him worrying a little. First thing you know, he looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go ⓑ (merrily/ merry) on your way ⓒ (asked/asking) someone else,   " How do you feel ? "

  Every question has ⓓ (its / their ) time and place. It's perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask "How do you feel ? "  if you're visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the guy is walking on both legs, hurrying to make a train, or sitting at his desk working, it's no time to ask him that silly question.

  When George Bernard Shaw, the famous playwright, was in his eighties, someone asked him "How do you feel ?" Shaw ⓔ put him in his place. "When you reach my age," he said, "either you feel all right or you're dead."

* working up a storm : ~ up a storm : 극도로 (구어)

* put someone in his or her place : scold someone for rude or bad behavior

        eg) She was very angry and really put him in his place over the rude remark.

Q 1. This selection can best be titled :

        A. A silly Question.

        B. When to Ask a Question.

        C. "How do You Feel?"

        D. George Bernard Shaw's Reply.

        E. Bad Manners.                               정답: A

Q 2. According to the author, casual greetings, such as "How do you feel?" generally

        A. deserve to be answered.

        B. show consideration for others.

        C. are a good way to make friends.

        D. are timely.

        E. are foolish.                                 정답: E

Q 3. The question "How do you feel?" is appropriate when asked of

        A. a man working at his desk

        B. a person mourning for a deceased relative.

        C. a bride on her wedding day.

        D. a man on his death bed.

        E. an acquaintance who is ill.                  정답: E

Q 4. The author seems to feel that a busy man should

        A. be praised for his industry.

        B. never be asked a question.

        C. not be disturbed.

        D. be discouraged from working so hard.

        E. set a good example for idlers.                      정답: C

Q 5. One of George Bernard Shaw's personal traits revealed in the passage is

        A. talent.

        B. wit.

        C. genius.

        D. ability.

        E. modesty.                                            정답: B

Q 6. ⓐ "You've put a bug in his ear" means that you've

        A. made him laugh.

        B. been rude to him.

        C. played a practical joke on him.

        D. disturbed his peace of mind.

        E. insulted him.                                         정답: D

Q 7. Try to write down the most appropriate answers with the each blank ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ.

                                                정답: merrily/ asking/ its

Q 8. ⓔ "put him in his place. "  means that :

        A. stared at him right after his talk.

        B. scold him for rude or bad behavior.

        C. let him get back his own place.

        D. send him his home.

        E. tought so much of him.

                                                정답: B

▷▶ All of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, "I know, I was there; I saw it happen," and that seems to settle the matter. Or does it ? Can we really trust the evidence of our eyes ?

  Take ⓐ(competitive / cooperative) sports. Fans who see the same game will not agree with each other and will disagree with the referee.  "He was out of bounds when he caught the pass," says one fan.

  Says another, "You're crazy.  I saw it with my own eyes.  He was five feet in bounds.  You must be blind. "  The referee rules that the receiver did step out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not ⓑ(convincing / convinced) - because they were there !

  It's the same story in the courtroom.  Trial procedure depends on witnesses ⓒ(giving / given) sworn testimony.  But just how reliable is the testimony of a person who reports ⓓ(which / what)  he has seen ?  In a recent study, ten thousand witnesses were asked to describe the man they saw commit a crime.  The study reveals that, on the average, the witnesses ⓔ(overestimated / approved) the man's height by five inches, his age by eight years, and gave the wrong hair color in 83 percent of the cases.  These witnesses didn't lie - they told the truth as they say it.  But their eyes played tricks on them !

   What can  you do to keep error to a minimum ?  First of all, don't let your emotions interfere with your vision.   Don't see something because you want to see it.  Secondly, try to stay relaxed.  If you're tense, you're liable to see red when the color is blue.  And finally, it helps to make notes of what you see.  Don't rely on your memory alone.  Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other aid to reduce distortion.

♣out of bounds : 출입금지의[로](to; for); (규칙 등의) 제한을 넘어서,

                ?스포츠? 규정경기 구역 밖에서.

* make notes of  : 메모하다 , 필기하다

* faulty [f??ːlti] a.  (faultier; -iest) poor, false, defective

                ??? ∼ reasoning 그릇[잘못]된 추론(推論). 

* sway         vi, vt. swing

* amicably     adv.    cf) -adj. amicable :  affable, friendly, sociable, accommodating

                ant.  disagreeable

Q 1. The best title for this passage is :

        A. Aids to Reduce Distortion.

        B. Faulty Eyesight.

        C. The Evidence of Our Eyes.

        D. When Vision Fails.

        E. Mistaken Testimony.                         

정답: B

Q 2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that :

        A. all of us rely on what we see.

        B. we can trust the evidence of our eyes if we actually saw the event occur.

        C. we can't completely trust the evidence of our eyes.

        D. emotional judgments are unreliable.

        E. sworn witnesses and sports fans rarely give accurate descriptions of what they see.   

정답: C

Q 3. Statistical studies show that :     [난이도:상]

        A. witnesses are remarkably accurate.

        B. in 83 percent of the cases, witnesses overestimate age by eight years.

        C. sworn testimony cannot be trusted because witnesses deliberately lie.

        D. courtroom testimony only confuses the jury.

        E. testimony of people reporting what they see is often unreliable.

정답: E

Q 4. In order to keep visual error to minimum, we should :

        A. be expectant.

        B. stay calm.

        C. rely on memory.

        D. ignore minor details.

        E. get close for a better look.                 

정답: B.

Q 5. The passage suggests that fans at sports events :

        A. are swayed by emotions.

        B. trust the judgment of the referee.

        C. settle their disagreements amicably.

        D. lie about what they see.

        E. have no respect for the truth.                       

정답: A

Q 6. Considering the context, find out the right answer in each blank ⓐ ~ⓔ .

정답: competitive/convinced/giving/what/overestimated/

[N.I.E.] Fly Daddy       AUGUST 10, 2006

 

Scene one: by a window with sun shining on it. The camera takes a close-up shot of Seung-seok who is leaning on the window with his left leg slightly bent. With his mouth delicately shut, he is focusing on reading “Che Guevara.” Although having said that fighting meant everything in his life, he still reads from the book, looks out the window, reads another page, and immerses in thought.

Scene two: Ga-pil swears that he will fight for his daughter. Nevertheless, fear still lingers inside him. At that precise moment, Seung-seok comes to him and says with the lowest possible tone, “Don’t you want to protect what is precious?”

These are scenes from the movie adaptation of Korean-Japanese novelist Kaneshiro Kazuki’s novel “Fly Daddy.” The plots revolves around the everyday-average father Chang Ga-pil, played by Lee Moon-sik, becoming stronger after meeting with high school senior and fighting champion Koh Seung-seok, played by Lee Jun-ki. The essence of the movie is the process where the ultra-realistic character Ga-pil meets with the four-dimensional Seung-seok in order to harmonize with each other.

Seung-seok lives in his own world without compromising with anything. The acting of Lee Jun-ki, who plays Seung-seok, seems to carry an unknown narcissist nature. Over half of his lines are ancient proverbs, adages or accurate statistic figures that only show up in encyclopedias. On top of that, unlike a native of an “Eastern Courtesy Country,” his words lack any respect whatsoever. His school uniform tie is always half loose, and his staring downward as if he is angry with something makes him look as if he is suffering from severe narcissism.

The movie review team says, “The book ‘Che Guevara, Companero En La Revolucion’ is a book easy for prince charming to read.”

Lee Bong-soo[moviegoer] : “Lee’s real age is 29, in another movie he is 20, Koh Seung-seok’s age is 70. Why? Because he is a master.”

* linger         v.  hesitate, loiter, delay

                ant.  leave, hurry

* narcissist nature       : narcissistic persona?lity   -  자기 중심성 성격.

                cf) narcissism, narcism  n. 자기애; 자기중심주의

* adage         n.  n.격언, 금언; 속담.  [SYN.]  SAYING.

* whatsoever   : whatever

끝.

▷▶ Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases - clinical or temporary death and biological death.  Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered ⓐ(permanent/temporary) damage.  The organism can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues.  Death is then irreversible and final.

  Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be reanimated before biological death occurs.  The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep.  By slowing down the body's ㉠(      ), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

  To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female baboon called Keta.  The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature.  When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from and artery.  The monkey's blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped; ⓑ(clinical death/Biological death) set in.  For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state.  Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees.  At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration.  After two minutes the baboon's heart became active once more; after fifteen minutes, spontaneous respiration began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.  After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ⓒ(to run /ran) with it around the room.  Her behavior differed little from ⓓ(that of/ those of) a healthy animal.

* clinical       adj. 병상의; 임상의

* irreversible  ad. 거꾸로 할 수 없는, 뒤집을 수 없는 ; 취소 할 수 없는, 파기할 수 없는(법률 등).

                ㉺-ibly ―ad.

                ㉺-versibility   ―n.  U 불개변성(不改變性).

                cf) reverse  vt. 거꾸로 하다, 뒤집다.

* narcotic      adj. 마취성의, 최면성의; 마약의; 마약 중독 (치료)의.

                ?a ∼ drug 마(취)약.

                ?a ∼ addict 마약 상용자.

* artery         n. 동맥         cf) vein   n.정맥

                eg. the main artery   대동맥.

* syringe      n. 주사기 ; 관장기, 세척기 등.

* retard         vt. 속력을 늦추다; 늦어지게 하다         ant) accelerate

                - n. 지체, 지연, 방해 ; 정신박약자, 바보, 미숙한 사람.

Q 1. This passage focuses on ; [난이도: 상]

        A. the difference between biological and clinical death.

        B. the process of dying.

        C. an experiment on a six-year-old baboon called Keta.

        D. the nature of clinical death.

        E. prolonging the period of clinical death.

                        * 정답: E

Q 2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ;

        A. modern scientists divide the process of dying into clinical and biological death.

        B. biological death occurs when vital organs have suffered permanent damage.

        C. scientists have found a way to prolong the period of clinical death.

        D. cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

        E. an experiment on a baboon named Keta showed that an organism can be reanimated         before biological death occurs.

                        * 정답: C

Q 3. One characteristic of clinical death is ;

        A. lasting damage to the lungs.

        B. destruction of the tissues.

        C. temporary non-functioning of the heart.

        D. that the organism cannot be reanimated.

        E. the disintegration of vital cells.

                        * 정답: C

Q 4. According to the passage, cooling an organism ; [난이도: 상]

        A. speeds up the body's metabolism.

        B. retards disintegration of body tissues.

        C. prevents damage to organs.

        D. revives damaged organs.

        E. does none of the above.

                        * 정답: B

Q 5. One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is ; [난이도:상]

        A. less crowded cities.

        B. victory over death.

        C. protection against fatal injury.

        D. better health measures.

        E. fewer deaths from heart attacks.

                        * 정답: E

Q 6. Choose the right answers with the blank ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ , considering main context.

                * 정답:permanent/clinical death/ran/that of

Q 7. ㉠에 들어갈 적절한 표현 고르기.

        ①photosynthesis ②metabolism ③dehydration ④contraception ⑤dehydrofreezing

                                * 정답: metabolism

[Grammar Part]

Q 1.  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

    A man may take to drink because he feels ① himself a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing ② as is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the careless use of our language makes ③ it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is ④ that the process is reversible. Modern English is full of bad habits which ⑤ can avoid if one is willing to take the necessary trouble.

                        * 정답: 5) can be avoided

Q 2.  (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?

  The house was truly a mansion. The front hall was as (A) as a house. At the end of the hall (B) two massive oak doors. Through doors was the dining room. In the dining room was a table that would (C) 35 people.

      (A)             (B)            (C) 

① large      …·    was      …·    seat

② largely    …·    were     …·    seat

③ large      …·    was      …·    sit

④ large      …·    were     …·    seat

⑤ largely    …·    were     …·    sit

                        * 정답: 4)

☞

  Sunlight poured into the ring as the bull charged at the unarmed "matador" - ⓐ (      ) holding a red cape and a small radio transmitter.  But the charging bull never reached the man behind the cape.  ⓐ (     ) pressed a button on the transmitter and the bull braked to a stop.  Then he pressed a second button and the bull obediently turned and trotted away.

  How did it happen ?   Wire electrodes had been painlessly implanted in the bull's brain the day before.  The bull was simply obeying commands produced by electrical stimulation - radio signals.  It was all part of an experiment aimed at finding the biological basis for behavior.  The experiment showed that electrical current applied to various regions of the brain could influence an animal's balance, movement, and such basic emotions as fear, friendliness, and rage.  For example, the scientists were able to "play" cats like little electric toys, making them ⓑ (yawn / yawned), hide, fight, and go to sleep on command.  Feelings of profound friendliness were induced in lions, who purred while the scientists petted and stroked them.  An extremely aggressive monkey repeatedly attacked other members of the colony.  By sending a stimulus to a specific area of the animal's brain, the scientists calmed ⓒ (them / him) down.  All ⓓ( their / his ) aggressiveness gone, ⓔ (he / they ) hopped playfully with the other monkeys.

  A few experiments have been conducted on human beings.  Electrical stimulation has relieved anxiety, reduced anger, and, in the case of one person afflicted with a speech block, increased word output sixfold.  The scientists believe that the experiments can lead to the discovery of how to regulate pleasure, aggression, and other mental functions for the improvement of humankind.

                                                                * electrical current             : 전류

* matador         n.【Sp.】 투우사

* cape                          n. 케이프, 어깨 망토, 소매 없는 외투.

* trot              v.  (-tt-) ―vt. ① (말 따위가) 속보로 가다, 구보하다.

                                ② 『∼/ +부』 속보로 걷다, 빨리 걷다; 총총걸음 치다(along; away; off).

* electrode [ile?ktroud]          n. 전극(電極).

* electrical current             : 전류

        cf) current             n. ① 흐름; 해류; 조류. [SYN.]  FLOW.

                                   ② (여론사상 따위의) 경향, 추세, 풍조, 사조(tendency).

                                   ③ 전류(electric ∼)

                                        eg)  air currents : 기류

* purr                   vi.  (고양이가 기분 좋은 듯이) 목을 가르랑거리다; 기계등이 붕~하고 쾌음을 내다.

* aggressive                   adj. hostile   ant) submissive

* colony                       n. [n.  ① 식민지

                                      ② (같은 인종?동업자 따위의) 집단, 부락(部落).

* sixfold                       adj. adv. 수사 + ~ fold (~ 배로 , ~ 겹으로)

* afflict                         vt. torment, distress (괴롭히다)

* banish                       v.  exile, expel           ant.  welcome

Q 1. This selection is mainly about ;

        A. a scientist's experiment with a bull.

        B. control of behavior through stimulation of the brain.

        C. animal behavior.

        D. reducing aggressiveness through science.

        E. how scientists are studying the brain.

                        정답: B

Q 2. What is the main idea of the passage ?

        A. Wire electrodes had been painlessly implanted in the bull's brain the day before.

        B. The bull was simply obeying commands produced by electrical stimulation.

        C. Scientists have made many new discoveries about animal behavior.

        D. Electrical stimulation has relieved anxiety, reduced anger, and in the case of one person afflicted with a             speech block, increased word output sixfold.

        E. Electrical current applied to various regions of the brain can influence an organism's balance, movement, and emotions.

                        정답: E

Q 3. After electrical stimulation of the brain, a monkey ;

        A. repeatedly attacked other monkeys.

        B. made friends with a scientist.

        C. went to sleep on command.

        D. became playful.

        E. flew into a rage.

                       정답: D

Q 4. Scientists working with electrical stimulation believe that they will be able to ;

        A. banish suffering.

        B. increase intelligence.

        C. overcome emotional problems.

        D. benefit humanity.

        E. eliminate war.

                                정답: D

Q 5. The author develops his point by means of ;

        A. cause and effects.

        B. definition.

        C. contrast.

        D. examples.

        E. narration.

                                정답: D

Q 6. 문맥을 고려하여 ⓐ 에 공통으로 들어갈 단어를 고르시오.

        A. veterinarian

        B. merchant

        C. scholar

        D. gladiator

        E. scientist

                     정답: E

Q 7. 문맥을 고려하여 ⓑ ,ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓔ에 들어갈 적절한 단어를 고르시오.

                                정답: yawn/ him / his / he

끝.

Q 1.  빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은? 

      If you are sick, you can see a doctor or a nurse without paying a fee.    (A)      , the Student Health Center will send an ambulance to pick you up and take you to the Center for treatment. And if you have a psychological problem, you can see a psychiatrist. There is also a pharmacy in the Student Health Center where you can get prescriptions filled more cheaply than in a regular pharmacy. For these reasons,     (B)    student health insurance that allows you to use the Student Health Center is a good idea.

    (A)                        (B)  

① If you get hurt    …·    having

② You get hurt      …·    you have

③ If you get hurt    …·    have

④ You get hurt      …·    having

⑤ If you get hurt    …·    if you have

* 정답: 1) A: 두에 주절이 오므로 접속사가 있어야 함.  B: 동사 is의 주어역할을 하는 동명사 having이 온다.

Q 2.  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

    Madame Marie Curie was one of ① the very few people to win the Nobel Prize twice. She and her husband Pierre ② shared the prize in 1903 for their study of radiation. Madame Curie went on ③ to discover the elements radium and polonium. She received the Nobel Prize in 1911 ④ for this. Her efforts made the development and use of X rays ⑤ possibly. 

                          * radium: 라듐(방사성 원소) * polonium: 폴로늄(방사성 원소)

* 정답: 5)  동사 make의 목적보어가 올 자리이므로 형용사 possible 로 고쳐야 함.

Q 01.  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

   Travelers ① are advised to book early for our January vacation specials. Packages for skiers are ② available for all the top slopes in Europe. For ③ those seeking a little fun in the sun, we have specials for ④ as little as $350 to St. Lucia, Acapulco, and the Bahamas. To those with even more of a sense of adventure, we now offer safari tours in Africa for as little as $890 for two weeks. ⑤ What your travel needs, the name for travel is Global Tours.

* 정답: 5) 내용상 양보의미, whatever 로 바꿔야함.

Q 02  빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?

    The saying “One picture is worth 1,000 words.” suggests to a writer the importance of thinking by examples. By putting the right examples in a paragraph or composition,    (A)       his or her idea to a reader. But the art of using the right example is not easy to learn. Choosing examples calls for imagination, and using examples well    (B)     both reasoning and control. Examples must make abstract ideas more concrete. At the same time, examples must not lead a reader away from a writer’s central purpose.  

        (A)                            (B)  

① where a writer can tell    …·    calls for

② a writer can tell           …·    called for

③ a writer can tell           …·    calls for

④ where a writer can tell    …·    called for

⑤ a writer can tell           …·    calling for

* 정답: 3)

A: 앞까지는 부사구이므로 문장의 주어, 동사 요.

B: and를 사이에 두고 절과 절이 병렬구조 이룸.  앞에 쓰인 동사와 같은 call for 가 요.

☆  There's one thing you should know about bears.  I've never known a bear in my life who was a gentleman.  You won't find a bear in church on Sunday - and you'll never see one in a tuxedo.  In fact, bears are so ⓐ (indecent / decent) that they don't even wear blue jeans. I've never seen a bear use a bar of soap when he takes a bath.  Frankly, they have terrible body ⓑ (aroma / odor).  And no manners.  They eat with their hands, and they'll devour anyting you give them, including garbage. Bears burp without putting their paws in front of their mouths.

  Now I'm as ⓒ (opposing / opposed) to setting fire to forests as the next man.  But I resent being told not to do so by a bear.  I expect such advice to come from a human being, not some smelly animal  who doesn't even brush his teeth after eating.

* bear         n. 난폭한 사람; 음흉한 사람

* indecent     adj. 버릇없는, 꼴 사나운; 외설[음란]한, 상스러운; 부당한, 억지의.

* decent       adj. appropriate, modest, proper, suitable, adequate,  ;courteous, gracious, nice,etc.

* aroma  n. 방향(芳香), 향기; (예술품의) 기품, 풍취

* odor, 【영국】 odour  n. ① 냄새, 향기; 방향(芳香); 좋지 못한 냄새, 악취. [SYN.]  SMELL.

                                   ② (고어) 향료, 향수(perfume).

                                   ③ 평판, 인기, 명성.

              ? body ∼ 체취, 액취(腋臭), 암내.

Q 1. The best title for this passage is;

        A. Bear Likes and Dislikes

        B. Bears as Models for Behavior

        C. Comparing Bears to Men - too inclusive

        D. Social Tips for Bears

        E. The Bear : Our Funniest Friend

* 정답: B

Q 2. The author is opposed to;

        A. personal hygiene for bears

        B. feeding bears

        C. using advertisements to combat forest fires

        D. bears inhabiting our forests

        E. bears giving advice to people 

* 정답: E

* hygiene n.① 위생학(hygienics).

                        ② 위생 상태; 위생[건강]법.

                        ③ (해커속어) (컴퓨터 바이러스에 대한) 예방 조처, 대항 수단.

Q 3. The passage states that bears ;

        A. never bathe

        B. lack intelligence

        C. are social creatures

        D. eat garbage

        E. sleep on Sunday

* 정답: D

Q 4. The author admires ;

        A. courage     B. wisdom     C. generosity  D. good manners       E. manliness

* manly [mæ?nli] a. (-lier; -liest)       ① 남자다운, 대담한, 씩씩한.

                                        ② 남성적인, 남자를 위한.

                                        ③ (여자가) 남자 같은.

                                        ???∼ sports 남성의 스포츠.②

                                ㉺-liness ―n. U 남성적임, 용감, 과단.

Q 5. The author's attitude toward bears may be described as one of;

        A. respect     B. affection    C. disdain      D. hatred      E. admiration

* 정답: C: disdain - 경멸

* affection  : 애정, 연모

Q 6. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에 적절한 표현 고르기.

* 정답: indecent / odor / opposed

Da Vinci's Mona Lisa was a new mother, say experts

- 다빈치의 모나리자는 아이를 막 낳은 산모 -

OTTAWA (Reuters) _ Mona Lisa, the mysterious woman ⓐ(immortalized / immune) in Leonardo da Vinci's 16th century masterpiece, had just given birth to her second son when she sat for the painting, a French art expert said on Tuesday.

-immortalize : 불멸하게 하다, 영원성을 부여하다 eg) The poet fell in love with her and immortalized her in his verse.

immune [imju?ːn] a.

 - immune  adj. 면한, 면역성의; (과세 등을) 면제한  eg) an ∼ body 면역체, 항체.

The discovery was made by a team of Canadian scientists who used special infrared and three-dimensional technology to peer through hitherto impenetrable paint layers on the work, which now sits in the Louvre museum in Paris.

- infrared : [i?nfr?re?d] 적외(선)의; 적외선에 민감한 (= having or using electromagnetic waves which are longer than those of red light in the spectrum, and which cannot be seen)

[cf.] ultraviolet.

???∼ rays 적외선.

 eg) Their pilots are guided by an infrared optical system that shows images clearly even at night.

- hitherto :지금까지(는); 지금까지로 봐서는 (아직)

 eg) The polytechnics have hitherto been at an unfair disadvantage in competing for pupils and money.

cf) hither [hi?ð?r] adj. adv. (고어?문어) 여기에, 이쪽으로(here), [opp.] thither.

♣ ∼ and thither : 여기저기에.

Bruno Mottin of the French Museums' Center for Research and Restoration said that on very close examination of the painting it became clear that the MonaLisa's dress was covered in a thin transparent gauze veil.

 - gauze [g?ːz] n. 성기고 얇은 천, 사(紗); 거즈; (가는 철사로 뜬) 철망(wire ∼); 엷은 안개(thin mist)

"This type of gauze dress was ⓑ (unusual / typical) of the kind worn in early 16th century Italy by women who were pregnant or who had just given birth. This is something that had never been seen up to now because the painting was always judged to be dark and difficult to examine," he told a news conference.

"We can now say that this painting by Leonardo da Vinci ⓒ (was painted / painted) to commemorate the birth of the second son of the Mona Lisa, which helps us to date it more precisely to around 1503."

Q. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에 적절한 어휘 고르기.

 - 정답: immortalized/ typical /was painted

☆★ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

  Many of the older chiefs were afraid to join with Tecumseh, but the young warriors became allies of the British in the War of 1812. Tecumseh believed the Native American people would have a better chance of keeping their lands under British rule than American. The British and the Native Americans were ⓐ(nearly / rarely) ⓑ(consecutive / successful) in winning the war against the American. But the Americans cut their supply lines in Canada. When Tecumseh persuaded the British commander to take a stand, the British and the Native Americans were defeated. Tecumseh was ⓒ(wounded / wound / winded) many times. Blood poured from his wounds and down his body, but still his cries could be heard, "Never will the white people take our lands. Never!"

* Allies [ǽlaiz, əláiz]  n. (pl.) (a-) 동맹국[자]; (the ∼) (제 1․2차 세계 대전 때의) 연합국.

                        Associate, collaborator, confederate, partner

                        v. (ally) combine, join, unite

                        ant.  enemy

* take a stand          (어떤 입장을) 취하다.

* winded [wíndid]     adj. 바람에 쐰, 바람을 통한; 숨을 헐떡이는(out of breath)

* wind [waind]                v.  (p., pp. wound [waund], (드물게) winded)

                        vi. (강․길이) 꼬불꼬불 구부러지다, 굽이치다, 굴곡하다.

Q 1. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 부상당한 미국 원주민 테쿰세

② 영국인에 투항한 미국 원주민 테쿰세

③ 유명한 웅변가였던 미국 원주민 테쿰세

④ 미국인들과 싸워 이긴 미국 원주민 테쿰세

⑤ 미국인에 대항하여 싸운 미국 원주민 테쿰세

Q 2. 테쿰세가 영국과 동맹을 맺은 이유를 설명하시오.

Q 3. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에 적절한 어휘 고르기.

[지문해석]

 나이든 부족장들 중의 많은 수가 테쿰세와 협력하는 것을 주저했지만, 젊은 군인들은 1812년의 전투에서 영국과 동맹을 맺었다. 미국 원주민들은 미국인이 아닌 영국인들 아래에서 자신들의 땅을 더 안전하게 지킬 수 있다고 테쿰세는 믿었다. 영국인들과 미 원주민들은 미국인과의 전투에서 거의 승리하는 듯 했다. 그러나 미국인들은 캐나다로부터의 물자 공급선을 차단해 버렸다. 테쿰세가 영국인 대장에게 저항하라고 설득했지만 영국과 미 원주민 연합군은 전투에서 지고 말았다. 테쿰세는 여러 번 부상을 입었다. 상처에서 피가 쏟아져 온 몸에 흘러 내렸지만, 그의 외침 소리는 여전했다. “백인은 우리의 땅을 결코 정복할 수 없어. 결코 그럴 수 없어!”

[모법답안]

1. ⑤

2. 영국인들 아래에서 자신들의 땅을 안전하게 지킬 수 있다고 믿었기 때문.

3. nearly / successful / wounded

☆★ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

   Life was terrible for the workers. Rigoberta's older brother died after a plane ⓐ(spread / spreads) pesticide on the field where he worked. Rigoberta and her mother, Juana Tum were ⓑ(     ), but they had to continue working there. They worked for 15 hours a day picking coffee beans under the hot sun. Juana had to carry Rigoberta's baby brother on her back while she worked. The baby was hungry and sick, but the family had no money for food or medicine. Sadly, the baby died. Now another child was gone. They had no money to bury the baby, so a friend gave them a small box and some money. When the landowner found out that Rigoberta and her mother took time off from work for the ⓒ(     ), he was so mad that he fired them.

Q 1. 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.

① 리고버타의 오빠는 비행기 사고로 죽었다.

② 리고버타는 너무 일이 서툴러서 구박받았다.

③ 리고버타와 그의 동료들은 콩 농장에서 일했다.

④ 리고버타와 그 가족들은 매우 힘든 삶을 살았다.

⑤ 리고버타의 동료들은 리고버타의 생활에 별 관심이 없었다.

Q 2. 리고버타와 그 어머니가 해고된 이유가 무엇인지 설명하시오.

Q 3. ⓑ에 들어가기에 적절하지 않은 단어를 고르시오.

①overwhelmed ②encouraged ③devastated

Q 4. ⓐ에 적절한 단어 고르기.

Q 5. ⓒ에 적절한 단어를 본문에서 찾아 변형하여 적어보시오.  ( B______ )

[어휘해설]

pesticide 살충제 농약 devastate 망연자실하게 하다, 유린하다

[지문해석]

 산다는 것이 노동자들에게는 끔찍한 것이었다. 리고버타의 오빠는 그가 일하던 들판 위로 비행기가 농약을 살포한 후 죽고 말았다. 리고버타와 그녀의 어머니 후아나 텀은 완전히 절망적이었지만 그곳에서 계속 일할 수밖에 없었다. 그들은 뜨거운 태양 아래에서 하루 15시간씩 커피 열매 따는 일을 했다. 후아나는 일할 때에도 리고버타의 어린 남동생을 업고 해야 했다. 그 아기는 못 먹고 아팠지만 먹을 것과 약을 살 돈이 그 가족에게는 없었다. 그래서 슬프게도 아기 역시 죽고 말았다. 또 한명의 아이가 죽은 것이었다. 아기의 장례를 치룰 돈이 없어서 친구가 작은 상자와 약간의 돈을 주었다. 장례를 치루는 일 때문에 리고버타와 어머니가 잠시 일손을 놓자 그것에 화가 난 농장 주인은 그들을 해고해 버렸다.

[모범답안]

1. ④

2. 아기의 장례를 치르느라 잠시 일손을 놓아서

3. 2)

4. spread

5. Burial

[Grammmar part]

Q 1. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?

   Eating sugar can be worse than eating nothing. Sugar provides only empty calories. It contributes none of the protein, fat, vitamins or minerals    (A)   own metabolism in the body, so these nutrients must be obtained elsewhere. Sugar tends to replace nourishing food in the diet. It is a thief that robs us of nutrients. A dietary emphasis on sugar can deplete the body of nutrients. If adequate nutrients are not supplied by the diet - and they tend not to be in a sugar-rich diet-they must be leached from other body tissues    (B)    . For this reason, a U.S. Senate committee labeled sugar as an “anti-nutrient.”

              (A)                               (B)

① needed for its         …·    sugar can be metabolized

② needed for its        …·    before sugar can be metabolized

③ are needed for its    …·    sugar can be metabolized

④ needed for its        …·    before sugar can metabolize

⑤ are needed for its    …·    before sugar can be metabolized

*contribute     v. 제공하다

*dietary adj. 음식물의

* leach         v. 우려내다, 거르다.

* metabolism           n. 신진대사

                        cf.photosynthesis       n. 광합성

* 정답: 2)

A) the protein, fat, vitamins or minerals를 수식할 수 있는 말이 와야 한다.

B) 주절과 종속절을 연결해주는 접속사가 필요하며 종속절의 동사는 문맥상 수동태 요.

Q 2.  (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?

    Speech is (A)(most / most of/a most/ the most)  immediate and flexible way that we have of communicating with one another. Once we have learned to speak we need no external tools in order to (B) a message to another person who speaks the same language. The necessary equipment for speaking, hearing, and understanding (C) “built-in” and ready for instant use.

    (A)                  (B)             (C) 

① a most        …·    convey      …·    are

② the most    …·    convey      …·    is

③ most        …·    conveying   …·    is

④ the most    …·    conveying   …·    are

⑤ most of       …·    convey      …·    is  

* 정답: 2)

* A) 일단, 일반적으로 형용사의 최상급엔 the를 붙이죠...

* most(대부분의) + 일반적인 명사

        eg) Most people know that.(대부분의 사람들이 그것을 알고 있다)

        eg) most students : 대부분의 학생

* most of + the + specific noun

        eg) most of the students in my class : 우리반 학생 중 대부분

            특정 집단 안에서의 대부분의 학생을 말합니다.

* a most(참으로..한)

        eg) He is a most honest man.(그는 참으로 정직한 사람이다)

* the most(가장...한)(3음절 이상의 형용사, 부사 의 최상급에 사용함)

        eg) She is the most beautiful of them.(그녀는 그들 중 가장 아름답다)

* B) in order to 뒤에는 동사원형 요.

* C) 주어가 equipment 이므로 단수동사 is 가 온다.

끝. 

Ban Ki-Moon to be next U.N. chief - 차기 유엔수장 반기문 -

UNITED NATIONS (AFP) _ South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-Moon has been ⓐ (unanimously / spontaneously) chosen to lead the United Nations for the next five years and accepted the position saying the world body needs to promise ⓑ (more / less) and deliver ⓒ (more / less).

국제연합 (AFP) _ 반기문 한국 외무부장관이 만장일치로 앞으로 5년 동안 유엔을 이끌어갈 수장으로 선출되었으며, 수락연설에서 유엔이 약속 보다는 행동을 더 많이 할 필요가 있다고 말했다

* unanimous           adj. agreed, unified, united

                        eg) with ∼ applause   만장의 박수 갈채로.  

cf) spontaneous         adj. 외부로부터 자극․장려 따위를 받지 않고도 내부에서 자연히 일어나는, 자발적인

                        eg) spontaneous expression‎ of gratitude   : 스스로 우러나온 감사의 표현.

    voluntary          adj. spontaneous에 더욱 뚜렷한 목적․의지가 부가됨.

                        eg) voluntary contribution   자발적인 기부.

    impulsive          edj. spontaneous가 일시적인 감정에 이끌려 충동적으로 된 것:                    eg) an impulsive child   충동적인 아이.

    instinctive          adj. 본능적으로 저절로 나오는

                        eg) an instinctive movement   본능적인 동작.

The 62-year-old career diplomat will take over from Ghanaian chief Kofi Annan in January and will become the world body's eighth secretary general and the first Asian UN chief since U Thant of Burma led the organization from 1961 to 1971.

62세의 직업 외교관인 그는 1월 가나 출신의 수장인 코피 아난의 뒤를 이어 유엔의 여덟번째 사무총장이자 1961년부터 1971까지 유엔을 이끌었던 버마의 우탄트 이후 첫 아시아인 유엔수장이 될 것이다.

* Ghanaian            n. adj. 가나의, 가나사람(의)

                        cf) Ghana      n. 가나(아프리카 서부의 공화국)

* secretary general     n. 사무총장

"I am deeply honored to become the second Asian to lead the organization," Ban told the General Assembly after his nomination Friday.

“이 기구를 이끌어 갈 두 번째 아시아인이 된 것을 큰 영광으로 생각합니다,”라고 반 장관은 금요일 지명된 후 총회에서 말했다.

* General Assembly    : 총회

* nomination           n. 지명[임명](권), 추천; (말의) 경마 출전 등록.

                        ♣place a person's name in ∼  (문어) 아무개를 지명하다.

"The true measure of ⓓ (succession / success) for the UN is not how much we promise, but how much we deliver for those who need us most," he said, adding: "The UN is needed now more than ever before."

“유엔에 있어 진정한 성공의 척도는 얼마나 많이 약속하느냐가 아니라, 얼마나 많이 우리를 가장 필요로 하는 이들을 위해 이행할 수 있는가 입니다,”라고 말하며, “유엔의 역할이 그 어느 때보다 요구된다”고 덧붙였다.

Ban, a mild-mannered figure, has played key roles both as South Korea's foreign minister and earlier as Seoul's ambassador to the United Nations in trying to resolve the long-standing North Korean nuclear crisis.

온화한 인상의 반 장관은 오랫동안 지속되어온 북한의 핵 위기를 해결하기 위해 한국의 외무부장관으로, 그 이전에는 유엔 주재 한국 대사로서 핵심 역할을 해왔다.

*ambassador           n. 대사; 대표, 사절, 특사.

                        eg) the American ∼ to Korea  주한 미국 대사.

*resolve                 vt. 용해하다, 녹이다, 분해, 분석하다

                         ; (문제․곤란 따위를) 풀다, 해결하다, 해소하다; (의혹을) 풀다.

                         ; ⇨ DECIDE.

Q. 문맥을 고려하여 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ에 적절한 어휘 고르기.

                        * 정답: unanimously / less / more / success

출처: The Korea Times

Q. (A), (B), (C)에 어법에 맞는 표현을 고르시오. [EBS]

 You have an image of a perfect son, or a perfect daughter. You have an image of what their personality would be (A) (like / alike), what their interests would be, what kind of life and career they would pursue.  We all have these images rooted deeply in our heads , but we all must be careful not to impose them on our (B) (loved / loving) ones. Children who fail to conform to our fantasy images will feel like failures, while children who do conform will feel trapped in a life not of their own (C) (chosen / choosing).  To encourage your children and support them as individuals, you must recognize that they must pursue their own image of themselves, not anyone else's.

* conform      v. accommodate, adapt, adjust (따르다, 순응,적응하다, 일치시키다) etc. 

                cf. confirm‎ v. prove,verify, affirm et.

* 정답: like (alike ; 형용사의 서술적 용법으로 착각하지 마라) / loved(사랑받는 사람; 수동적 의미) / choosing (스스로의 의지 ; 따라서 능동형 요구!)

Q. 다음 밑줄 친 부분중 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오. [EBS]

  When the blood is not carrying enough nutrients for the cells in the body, the hypothalamus senses that the body will soon ① run out of energy. It then sends signals that cause the stomach to secrete digestive juices and ② to start churning.  The animal or person ③ feels hungry and goes to look for food.  When the blood contains enough nutrients, the hypothalamus ④ stops sending signals to the stomach, which then stops churning.  The quiet stomach causes a feeling of being full. So ⑤ strangely as it may seem, hunger comes from the brain.

                                                        * hypothalamus : 시상하부

* 정답: 5) 양보구문(eg. Young as he is, he's very competent.)이다. 원래 though it may seem strange 형태....strange는 보어자리로...형용사가 되어야 할 부분임.

* churn        v. agitate ; 휘젓다 (위 운동 의미) ; 엔진등을 심하게 회전시키다.

Q. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ 에 어법에 맞는 표현을 고르시오. [EBS]

  A farmer pulled out the thorny bushes ⓐ (surrounding / surrounded) his field of grapevines. He didn't see a fox watching him. "Now I have room to plant more grapevines," the farmer said. "I'll make more money selling the extra grape!" But that night, with no thorny bushes to ⓑ (keep out him / keep him out), the fox sneaked into the field. He gobbled up the grapes and trampled the grapevines. "I ⓒ (must / should) have kept the bushes, " the farmer cried the next day. "Thorns aren't sweet like grapes, but they have a purpose, too. "

*gobble         v. 게걸스럽게 먹다 ; devour, gulp

* trample      v. 짓밟다.

*정답: surrounding (능동) / keep him out / should

★☆ After its conquest by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066, England became a country of two peoples and two languages.  The mass of the people continued to speak the old English tongue.  Their French rulers, the court, the nobility, and the clergy used French, which became the language of written literature.

  The English serf worked in the fields and tended farm animals ; the French lord was interested in animals only when they appeared on his table as meat.  Thus our words for the live animals come from old English: ox, sheep, calf, swine; which the words for the cooked meat derive from French: veal, beef, mutton, and pork.

  But living in England, the Norman lords could not remain entirely aloof from the native tongue.  Within a generation, a gradual blending of the two languages began to occur; until by the fourteenth century a new language, Middle English, had emerged.  Middle English possessed a larger vocabulary than either French or Old English, since it combined words from both.

  Words of the intellect (science, art, idea), of religion (cloister, penance, theology), and of the law (attorney, reign, advocate) came from French.  Common household words and words of daily experience (hand, foot, father, mother, hot, cold, eat, drink, sleep) came from Old English.  When the fusion was complete, the two languages, in forming a single language, had so modified each other that the powerful Old English lost its harshness, and the graceful French acquired greater strength.

* duke         n. 공작         cf) earl ; count (백작) cf. 부인은 countess

* peoples      n. pl) 시 국민, 민족 의미 (nation)

* court         n. ① 안뜰, 뜰(yard, courtyard) [SYN] ⇨ GARDEN.

                ② 궁전, 왕실; 「집합적」 조정의 신하.

                ③ (테니스․농구 등의) 코트.

                ④ 법정(法廷); 「집합적」 법관.

* clergy       n.  (집합)목사 ; 한명 일때는 clergyman. minister, pastor, preacher, priest etc.

* serf          n. [səːrf] 농노(農奴)(토지와 함께 매매된 봉건 시대의 최하위 계급의 농민); (비유) 노예 (같은 사람)

* swine        adj. ① (pl. ∼) 미】 돼지. ★ 집합적이며 일반적으로는 pig, hog(거세한 수퇘지,식용)를 씀.

                ② (pl. ∼s) (속어) 야비한 녀석          eg)  You ∼ !   이 새끼

* veal          [viːl] n. 송아지 고기(식용). [cf.] calf

* aloof          adj. 보통 서술적」 멀리 떨어진; 무관심한, 초연한, 냉담한.

                ㉺∼ly  ―adv.

                - adv. 멀리 떨어져, 멀리서

                eg) keep [hold, stand] ∼ 멀리(떨어져) 있다

* cloister      n. 수도원

* penance      [pénəns] n.참회, 회개; 속죄; 고행; 〖가톨릭〗 고백 성사.

                eg) do ∼ for     속죄하다

* theology     n. (기독교) 신학

* reign          [rein] n.① 치세, 성대. ② 통치, 지배; 힘, 세력, 권세.

                eg) in [under] the ∼ of King Alfred   ;앨프레드 왕의 치세에

                    the ∼ of law                      ;법의 지배

Q 1. The best title for this passage is;

        A. The Emergence of Middle English

        B. The Influence of France on England         - partial

        C. England, A　Country of Two Languages     - partial

        D. Norman Lord and English Subject

        E. Our Rich Tongue

                                * 정답: A

* Subject      n. 피지배자, 국민 ; 피실험자 ;  

                adj. ~ 받기 쉬운, ~을 입기 쉬운 (to)

                eg) be ∼ to colds     : 감기에 걸리기 쉽다

Q 2. According to the passage, Middle English ;

        A. emerged after a generation.

        B. was spoken by the mass of the people.

        C. was spoken by the French lord.

        D. was a blending of Old English and French.

        E. was combined with French to form a new language.

                                * 정답: D

Q 3. Old English was spoken by ;

        A. priests                      B. kings               C. dukes                       

        D. farmers                     E. bishops     

                                * 정답: D

* bishop       [bíʃəp] n.  (가톨릭의) 주교

Q 4. A word which comes from the French is ;

        A. swine       B. hot         C. art          D. sleep               E. ox

                        * 정답: C ; art

Q 5. According to the passage, one reason the new language emerged was that ;

        A. the people copied the language of their lords.

        B. the people refused to speak French.

        C. Old English could not express ideas.

        D. the French language had no words for daily experience.

        E. French lords, living in England,  could not avoid using the native tongue.

                        * 정답: E

Q 6. As used in this passage, the word "fusion" means ;

        A. loss

        B. language

        C. division

        D. blending

        E. generation

                        * 정답: D ; blending

[Grammar Part]

Q 1. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

    In Israel, archaeologists ① have found a very large dog cemetery. The cemetery dates from ② the fifth  century B.C., when that area was part of the Persian Empire. So far, about 1,000 dog graves have been ③ found in the cemetery. Archaeologists are not certain about the reason for so many graves. However, they believe that dogs ④ must be very important for the people in that age. In fact, all of the dogs died of natural causes and ⑤ were buried very carefully.

                                                 * archaeologist: 고고학자

                        * 정답: 4) 문맥상 과거의 추측을 나타내야 하므로 must have been 이 맞다.

Q 2. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말을 고르시오. [EBS]

  Today, many people believe in "fair trade."  I'm surprised that I can't go to my university, supermarket, or watch my favorite food television program without everyone ⓐ (complementing / complimenting) the ethical superiority of the fair - trade option.  To many people, the idea of "fair trade" is that certain third world products like coffee or sugar are specially ⓑ (lageled / leveled) to indicate that the producers will receive a "fairer" (i.e. , greater) price for the goods. However, the reality is that such consumers' ideas alone will do little to alter the economic relationships between the developed and developing countries.  ⓒ (Better / Worse), it reduces a thoroughgoing analysis of economic and political relationships to the *benign level of which brand of coffee you select from the supermarket shelves.

* benign        [bináin] adj. 자비로운, 친절[다정]한. [SYN.] ⇨ KIND.

                        * 정답: complimenting / leveled / Worse

* fair trade            n. 공정거래

* leveled to indicate that ~ : 결과적 용법 ; level  - 고르다, 평평히 하다.

* i.e.                   :. [L] that is

♡♥ 

  During their playing days, those two giants of baseball Ty Cobb and Babe Ruth, feuded endlessly.  Somehow Cobb always seemed to come out on top.

  One day Ruth, as he came to bat, gestured to Cobb and the other Detroit fielders to move back, saying he was going to hit the ball out of the park. Ruth made good his boast. 

  He slugged a towering home run and bowed mockingly to Cobb as he rounded second base.  When Cobb came to bat, he, too, waved the fielders back.  Then he cleverly laid down a bunt which nobody could reach.

  During another close game Ruth came to bat with runners on second and third and two out.  A hit could clinch the game for the Yankees, so Cobb, managing the Tigers from enter field, gestured to the pitcher to walk Ruth intentionally.  Ruth relaxed, letting the bat droop over his shoulder - and the pitcher smoked a fast ball right over the center of the plate.  In the outfield Cobb exploded.  He raced in to the pitcher, bawled him out, and returned to his position.  Ruth relaxed again - and another strike sailed over the plate.  This time Cobb was really mad.  He charged in to the mound, yanked the pitcher, loudly fining him $100, and called in a reliever from the bullpen.  When the uproar subsided, Ruth stepped up to plate once more.  Everyone in the ball park was convinced the next four pitches would be balls.  The pitcher wound up - and fired a called third strike down the middle of the plate.  Ruth had struck out without taking the bat from his shoulder.  Cobb couldn't help laughing - he had arranged the whole thing in advance, and had simply waited for a chance to spring it.

* feud         vi. 다투다

                n. 불화 ; 싸움

                cf. fraud [frɔːd]  n. 사기, 협잡; 사기행위, 부정 수단; (구어) 협잡꾼, 사기꾼

* somehow     adv. 어떻게든지 하여, 여하튼, 어쨌든. ;어쩐지, 웬일인지, 아무래도.

                eg) It must be done ∼.        어떻게든지 그것은 해야 한다.

* fielder       n. [야구〗 외야수

* clinch        vt. (박은 못의) 끝을 두드려 구부리다; 못박다; 고정시키다, 죄다.

                ; (의론․계약 따위의) 매듭을 짓다, 결말을 내다.

                ; (입을) 굳게 다물다; (이를) 악물다.

                ;  〖권투〗 (상대를) 클린치하다, 껴안다.

*pitcher         n. 물주전자; 투수

* walk         v. 〖야구〗 (투수가 타자를) 4구로 ‘걸리다’

* droop       vi. 수그러지다, 숙어지다(fall) ; (초목이) 시들다; (가지가) 축 처지다 etc.

* smoke       n. 연기; 매연

                n. v. (야구속어) 대단한 스피드, 강속구를 던짐.

* outfield      n.〖야구․크리켓〗 외야(外野): 「집합적」 외야수. [opp.] infield.

                ㉺∼er ―n. 외야수

* bawl          [bɔːl]  vt. 고함치다, 외치다;  (구어) 호통치다(out)

* yank          [jæŋk] vt.(구어) 확 잡아당기다(jerk)(at), (pull sharply); (미국속어) (시원찮은 사람을) 교체하다, 물러나게 하다(retire).

Q. This passage is mainly about ;

        A. Babe Ruth          B. Ty Cobb    C. a feud      D. a trick      E. baseball

                        * 정답: C

Q. According to the passage, Ty Cobb;

        A. was disobeyed by a pitcher

        B. used his wits

        C. managed the Yankees

        D. always won out over Babe Ruth

        E. had a short temper

                        * 정답: D

Q. During his playing days, Ty Cobb's position was ;

        A. second base

        B. pitcher

        C. pinch hitter

        D. left field

        E. none of the above

                        * 정답: E

Q. Cobb waved back the fielders ;

        A. because he was going to hit a home run

        B. to make good his boast

        C. to demonstrate his skill

        D. to prove he could outhit Babe Ruth

        E. so they would not expect him to bunt

                        * 정답: E

Q. Ruth's mistake was that he ;

        A. stepped up to the plate

        B. mistrusted Cobb

        C. swung to no avail

        D. was not alert

        E. had no respect for Cobb

                        * 정답: D

Q. Ty Cobb believed in;

        A. fair play

        B. winning

        C. sportsmanship

        D. lucky breaks

        E. pursuit of perfection

                        * 정답: B

끝. 

[ Grammar Part ]

01  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

    The disadvantage of men ① not knowing the past is that they do not know the present. History is a hill, from which men see the age ② which they are living. Without some such contrast or comparison, we would see ③ nothing of our own social surroundings. We would take them ④ for granted as the only possible social surroundings. We would be ⑤ as unconscious of them as we are of the hair growing on our heads.

* 정답: 2) live 는 vi. 따라서 which 다음에 안전한 문장이 왔는데, which 자리엔 관.대 가 오지못한다는 말. 결국 관계부사 in which 나 when 등으로 바꿔줘야 함.

02  (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?

    Many a man, no doubt, (A) ruined by money, and on the whole, probably the rich are (B) about money than the poor. Only to the wise can wealth bring happiness. The man who is (C) eager to be rich will always be a poor fellow.

     (A)            (B)                   (C) 

① has      …·   anxious          …·    too

② have    …·    more anxious    …·    so

③ has     …·    more anxious    …·    too

④ have    …·    anxious          …·    so

⑤ has     …·    more anxious    …·    so  

  * 정답: 3)  A: 주어가 many a 단수명사 일때는 동사도 단수동사 ‘has’가 와야함.

                B: 뒤에 than the poor 가 오므로 비교급 형태인 more anxious를 골라야함.

                C: "부자가 되기를 너무나도 열망하는" 이라고 해석되므로 부정적인 의미를 담고 있음. 따라서 부정적 의미의 강조부사인 too를 고른다.

  ★☆ Since women bear children, it seems to be taken for granted that they should care for them, too.  For example, it is said that a man is too awkward to hold a baby.  He hasn't the touch.  This is pure nonsense.  A baby is so soft that anybody with a firm grip can hold one.  All you have to remember ⓐ(is / are) to keep the right side up.  But women will tell you it's an art.  Another ⓑ(nonfiction / fiction) is that no man can properly dress a child.  Once again, nonsense.  I knew a man who was an expert at it, better than any woman.  He was a skilled automobile mechanic, much in demand at races, where he had to whisk tires on and off.  He used the same technique in the home.  Carrying a mouthful of safety pins, he would toss the youngster to the floor.  Even before her head bumped, he was hard at work.  Arms flying, he would have his task ⓒ(completed / complete) before the child could begin to cry.  Often the youngster was too astonished to make a sound, and my friend would turn her over to her mother with a triumphant smile.

* He hasn't the touch.                  ; touch - 솜씨, 재주

* in demand                           ; 수요가 많은

* he had to whisk tires on and off.    ; whisk - 털다, 닦다, 휙 채가다

                                        ; on and off -eg) It's raining on and off. (비가 오락가락한다.)

Q 1. The best title for this selection is;

        ⓐ The Truth about Children

        ⓑ Men and Babies

        ⓒ What Man Does Best

        ⓓ A Woman's Art

        ⓔ How to Hold a Baby

                        정답: B

Q 2. The main idea of this passage is that ;

        ⓐ it is taken for granted that women should care for babies.

        ⓑ men are too awkward to care for a baby.

        ⓒ women believe that caring for babies is an art.

        ⓓ men are perfectly capable of caring for babies.

        ⓔ no man can properly dress a child.

                        정답: D

Q 3. Women usually care for babies because ;

        ⓐ men are too awkward.

        ⓑ men don't have the time.

        ⓒ women have the proper touch.

        ⓓ men lack the necessary patience.

        ⓔ it is accepted practice.

                        정답: E

Q 4. The author feels that holding a baby is;

        ⓐ easy

        ⓑ challenging

        ⓒ a risky business

        ⓓ an art

        ⓔ best done by men

                        정답: A

Q 5. The passage suggests that women ;

        ⓐ admire men who are adept at handling babies.

        ⓑ belong in the home.

        ⓒ lack the skill to dress a child properly.

        ⓓ exaggerate the difficulty of caring for children.

        ⓔ are not as talented as men.

                        정답: D

* adept [ədépt]   adj.  masterful, proficient

  cf)   [ǽdept]  n. 숙련자, 명인(expert), 달인(達人)

  cf) adapt , adopt  vt.

Q 6. The author admires ;

        ⓐ tenderness

        ⓑ patience

        ⓒ efficiency

        ⓓ courtesy

        ⓔ graciousness

                        정답: C

* gracious     adj.  amiable,  courteous, hospitable

                ant.  impolite

Q 7. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에 적절한 단어 고르기.

                        정답: is / fiction / completed

끝. 

[Grammar & Voca Part]

Q. 문맥을 고려하여 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ 에 가장 적절한 어휘를 고르시오. [EBS]

                        * 정답: confirm‎s / consciously / require

  Weight- loss experts have long advised people to eat more slowly if they want to eat less.  A recent study of 1,700 young women ⓐ (confirm‎s / conforms) there is truth to this.  Women who took their time while eating reported feeling fuller sooner, making them eat less.  Female participants in the study lost an average of eight pounds when they ⓑ (consciously / conscientiously) ate slowly, chewed thoroughly, and stopped eating when their food no longer tasted as good as when they took their first bite.  Head researcher John Poothullil explained, "Your body intuitively knows how many calories you ⓒ (resist / require) and will dampen your taste buds once you've had enough."

* conscientious [kɑ̀nʃiénʃəs / kɔ̀n-]    adj. 양심적인, 성실한

* intuitive [intjúːitiv]                  adj. 직각적(直覺的)[직관적]인(능력); 직관적으로 얻은(지식․확신);                                         직관력이 있는(사람).

* dampen                              vt. moisten ; discourage (둔화시키다)

[Grammar & Voca part]

Q. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?

   Smiles come in many forms. California psychologist Paul Ekman has cataloged fifty types of smiles. Fake or artificial smiles are often obvious, which is why actors must learn how to appear genuine       (A)       to smile. Ekman explains that the way to tell a genuine smile from a fake smile is to look at the corner of the eyes. Look at the wrinkle of skin at the corner of the eyes. A fake or polite smile uses the mouth only. And of course,    (B)    the “most famous smile” because it has had so many interpretations; it is the Mona Lisa smile.

        (A)                     (B)

① it is required     …·    as there is

② when required    …·    as there is

③ it is required     …·    there is

④ when required    …·    there is

⑤ when required    …·    as is

* 정답 : 4)

 - A) 앞에 주절이 있으므로 종속절의 형식이어야 하는데, 일반적으로 때를 나타내는 부사절에서 “주어+be동사”는 생략할 수 있으므로 when required 가 적절하다.

Q.  다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

    Brotherly love is love among equals; motherly love is love for ① the helpless. Different as they are from each other, they have in common that they are by their nature ② not restricting to one person. If I love my brother, I love all my brothers; if I love my child, I love all my children; no, ③ beyond that, I love all children. ④ In contrast to both types of love is erotic love; it is the craving for complete fusion, for union with one other person. It is by its very nature exclusive and ⑤ not universal.

* 2)

 - 2)는 문맥상 not restricting 이 they are 에 연결되는 수동태 구문이 되어야 하므로 restricting을 과거분사 restricted 로 바꿔야 한다.

[Grammar & Voca part]

Q. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

   The beauty of the night made ① him want to shout. A half-moon was sinking at the end of the garden, ② making the sky purple. A white fence of lilies went across the garden, and the air seemed to move around as if it ③ were alive. He walked across the garden, ④ its scent sharply came across from the lilies. They hung ⑤ all loose, as if they were sleeping.

* 정답: 4) - ④ its scent : 정원의 향기 : 두개의 절을 이어주는 접속사가 없으므로 its를 소유격 관계대명사 whose 로 바꾼다. whose 의 선행사로는 사람, 동물, 사물 모두 가능하다!!