Unit 14. Defining Distance Education(원격교육의 정의)
Distance education is defined as;
institution-based, formal education where the learning group is separated, and where interactive telecommunications systems are used to connect learners, resources, and instructors.
institution; 제도, 법령, 기관, 학교
institution-based; 제도적 기반을 갖춘, 법령에 근거한
interactive telecommunications systems; 쌍방향 원격통신 장치
telecommunications; 형태는 복수이지만 단수 취급되는 명사임: 원격통신
connect learners, resources and instructors; 학습자, 학습자료(자원), 교직자를 이어 주다
There are four main components to this definition.
이러한 정의를 이루는 4가지 주 요소(성분)들이 있다.
First is the concept that distance education is institutionally based.
concept; 개념, 생각
This is what differentiates distance education from self-study.
differentiate A from B; A와 B를 구별하다/구분짓다(차이를 드러나게 하다)
self-study; 자율학습
While the institution referred to in this definition/ could be a traditional educational school or college, increasingly there are emerging non-traditional institutions that /offer education to students at a distance.
while; 하지만=> traditional 과 주절의 non-traditional의 대비되는 표현에 유의
refer to ; 지시하다, 언급하다 (which is) referred to
increasingly; 점차적으로, 점점
emerge; 나타나다, 출현하다
students at a distance; 멀리 있는(먼 곳에 있는) 학생
Business, companies, and corporations are offering instruction at a distance.
instruction=education; offer instruction; 강의를 하다
at a distance. 먼 곳에서. 동떨어진 곳에서
Many educators and trainers are advocating the accreditation of institutions that offer distance education to add credibility, improve quality, and eliminate diploma mills.
advocate= support, uphold
accreditation=인가, 허가, 신임
add credibility; 신뢰성을 부여하다
improve quality; (교육의) 질을 향상시키다.
eliminate diploma mills; 무작위 학위 발급 기관을 없애다
The second component of the definition of distance education is the concept of separation of the teacher and student.
the second component; 두 번째 부분은
separation of the teacher and student; 교사와 학생의 분리
Most often, separation is thought of in geographic terms -- teachers are in one location and students in another.
most often; 대개,
separation; 분리, 구분
be thought of; 떠 올리다
in geographic terms; 지리(학의) 용어로
Also implied by the definition is the separation of teachers and students in time.
also implied by the definition; 이 정의에 또한 담겨있는 것은
in time: 시간상으로
Asynchronous distance education means that instruction is offered and students access it at separate times, or any time it is convenient to them.
asynchronous; 비동기식의, 동시에 일어나지 않는
at separate times; 개별시간대에
any time (when)it is convenient to them(=students); 학생들에게 편리한 시간대에
any time when; whenever
Finally, intellectual separation of teachers and learners is import!ant.
intellectual separation; 지적 분리/구분
Obviously, teachers have an understanding of the concepts presented in a course that students may not possess.; (의역)교사는 수업 중에 제시된 내용을 이해하지만 학생들은 이러한 이해도를 갖지 못한 것은 분명하다.
In this case the reduction of separation is a goal of the distance education system.
the reduction of separation; (수업 이해도의) 격차(구분)를 줄이는 것
Interactive telecommunications is the third component of the definition of distance education.
Interaction can be synchronous or asynchronous-- at the same time, or at different times.
쌍방향 작용이 동시에 일어나거나 다른 시간대에 일어 날 수 있다
Interaction is critical, but not at the expense of content.
critical; 중대한, 심각한, 중요한 not at the expense of ~: ~의 댓가를 치루지 않고, 희생없이
content(내용)
In other words, it is import!ant that learners be able to interact with each other, with resources of instruction, and with their teacher.
It is necessary/import!ant/vital/essential that 주어 + (should) +동사원형; 중요도를 강조할 때 주로 이러한 문장이 사용
However, interaction should not be the primary characteristic of instruction, but should be available, commonplace and relevant.
NOT A BUT B의 구조: A가 아니라 B이다.
primary characteristic; 주요(일차적, 기본) 특징
available; 이용 가능한, 활용 가능한
commonplace; 흔히 일어나는
relevant; (때와 장소에) 적합한, 적절한
The words "telecommunications systems" imply electronic media, such as television, telephone, and the Internet, but need not be limited to only electronic media.
electronic media: 전자매체
need not be limited to only~; ~에만 국한될 필요가 없다.
need는 modal verb로 반드시 동사원형이 나타나며 need는 주어의 단, 복수와 상관없이 원형으로만 쓰인다.
Telecommunications is defined as "communicating at a distance,"
This definition includes communication with the postal system, as in correspondence study, and other non-electronic methods for communication.
correspondence study; 서신/통신 학습
Obviously, as electronic telecommunications systems improve and become more pervasive it is likely that they will be the mainstay of modern distance education systems.
pervasive: 확산되는, 넓게 퍼져있는
It is likely that ~; that 이하의 내용이 될 가능성이 있다, 일 것 같다.
mainstay; 주요부분. 대들보
However, older, less sophisticated systems of telecommunication will continue to be import!ant.
older; 이전의,
less sophisticated; 덜 복잡한, 덜 세밀한, 단순한
continue to be import!ant: to 부정사는 미래의 행위나 상태와 관련; 앞으로도 계속 중요해질 것이다.
The final component of the definition is the concept of connecting learners, resources, and instructors.
This means that there are instructors that interact with learners and that resources are available that permit learning to occur.
means A(that ~ with learners) and B(that ~ occur)
resources (that permit learning occur(학습을 가능케하는) are available의 구조에서 that 절이 문미로 옮겨간 구조
Resources should be subjected to instructional design procedures that organize them into learning experiences that promote learning, including resources that can be observed, felt, heard, or completed.
be subjected to ~( to 는 전치사임에 유의): 에 종속되다, 을 따르다, 을 조건으로 하다.
instructional design procedures: 교과 계획과정(절차)
organize them(=resources) into learning experience; 수업자료를 학습경험으로 체계적으로 바꾸다.
promote: 촉진하다, 증진시키다.