문제풀이반 답안작성 Phrase 1~10

[파이팅2020]

1. Structural Ambiguity

 Sentence in <B> is ambiguous due to different structures and homonymy. The first possible case is the NP 'John's nose ring'.  In this NP, the word 'ring' functions as noun and has meaning: John puts on the accessory on his nose. The other possible case is the object NP 'john's nose' and its complement 'ring' as a verb: John rings his nose. ( or John is snoring) 여기서도 ring이란 단어를 반복해서 사용하지 않는게 좋을까요?

2. Structural ambiguity

 Sentence (a) is struturally ambiguous. In one representation, Mrs. Coleman gave dog biscuits to her. In the other representation, Mrs. Coleman gave biscuits to her dog.
 Sentence (b) is structurally ambiguous. In one representaion, My brother told something to the teacher whom he ran into. In the other representation, My brother told the fact that he ran into something to the teacher.

3. Scope Ambiguity

 In the case that 'refused' has a wide scope over 'every city', it means that Mary would visit some cities that Tom visited. In other case that 'every city' has a wide scope over 'refused', It means that Mary would not visit any of the cities that Tome visited.

4. X-bar structure

 (b) and (C) are ungrammatical expressions. With regard to (b), the adjunct 'deliberately' combines with Head, not with the X-bar, destroy the garden. In case of (c), the specifiers 'the' and 'my' cannot be stacked because the specifier combines with the topmost X-bar to form the maximal projection XP, so it cannot be made in a recursive way unlike adjunct.

5. X-bar structure

 The preposition 'from' is a Head in that it is obligatory and cannot be omitted as in (4a). Head can take a PP complement so that the specifier 'right' can be appeared and combined with P-bar complement, 'before the war'.
 (from right before the war에 대한 트리를 이렇게 그리는게 맞나요?)

6. X-bar structure

 According to the analysis in (3), 'so' substitutes only 'at odds' or 'at odds with his friends'. This means that both phrases are V-bar and the PP 'with his friends' is adjunct. According to the analysis in (4), 사실 이부분을 이해하지 못하겠어요. compeletly가 VP-adverb면  at odds와 adjunct사이에 오는건 V-bar에 붙는게 아닌가요?ㅠㅠ 도와주세요

7. do so substitution

 'the toys' and 'in the box' are arugumets and 'before dinner' is modifier. According to the test, the sentence (b) which 'before dinner' is omitted can be substituded. However, in the sentence (c) and (d), the phrases 'the toys' and ' in the box' do not substitude, they are necessary to make the VP constituents.

9. Complement/Adjunct

  The PPs ' with a knee injury' and 'for the PGA title' are Adjunct and Complement, respectively. When it comes to the order of these PPs, Complement should be closer to Head than Adjunct: He is a contender for the PGA title with a knee injury and *He is a contender with a knee injury for the PGA title. According to Wh-movement, PP complement can be preposed but PP Adjunct cannot: *Which part is he a acontender with? and What title is ha a contender for?

10. Complement/Adjunct

 Statements (b) and (e) are correctly describe the structural relations of PPs within the noun phrases. In case of (2b), the PPs 'with letters' and 'from friends' are adjuncts which have different sister, N-bar, 'a philosopher' and 'letters', respectively.  With regard to sentence (2e), the PPs 'with books' and 'in the store' are the adjunct and sisters to the same N-bar, 'a man'.

[이동걸]

#1. -> 괄호에 snoring을 넣어줬으니 괜찮습니다. 좋은 답안 입니다.

[이동걸]

#2,3 답안 잘 쓰셨고 특히 scope ambiguity에서 각각 의미 나타낼 때 중의성 생기지 않게 잘 표현하셨습니다.

[이동걸]

#4) With regard to (b), the adjunct 'deliberately' combines with Head, not with the X-bar, destroy the garden
=> 주어진 데이터에 구조를 표시하지 않았으므로 deliberately의 위치로 설명하는게 자연스럽습니다. 이렇게 표현하면 어떨가요. the adjunct of the verb 'deliverately' cannot be positioned between the head 'destroy' and its complement 'the garden' since the adjunct combines with X-bar.

[이동걸]

#5) 네, 트리 구조 정확합니다. 답안도 좋구요

[이동걸]

$6) (3) 데이터가 보여주는 바는 so가 V-bar를 대체할 수 있습니다. 따라서 be at odds 도 V-bar이고 be at odds with his friends도 V-bar입니다. 반복적인 특성을 보이므로 with his friends는 adjunct라고 판단할 수 있습니다. (4번)데이터는 VP-adverb와 어순에 관계없이 위치할 수 있으므로 adjunct라고 판단할 수 있습니다 (구조상 adjunct는 V-bar 아래에 붙게 되죠)

[파이팅2020]

이제 이해된거같아요!감사합니다~
(4)data에 대해서, 다시 작성해봤는데요
According to the analysis (4), the VP-adverb 'completely' can be located between 'at odds' and 'with his friends'. This means that the PP is adjunct.
교수님 이 문제에 대한 모범답안도 알려주시면 안될까요?ㅠㅠ 뭔가 답안을 깔끔하게 못쓰겠어요.

[이동걸]

#7)the sentence (b) which 'before dinner' is omitted => before dinner가 생략됐다는게 무슨 말인가요? 추가 설명 달아 주세요~

[파이팅2020]

다시보니 문장이 이상하네요...;; 'before dinner를 제외하고 대치되었다'라고 표현하고 싶었는데요ㅋㅋ 이상하네요ㅋㅋ
문장을 설명하는 능력이 부족한거 같아요.. 이 문제도 모범답안을 주세요ㅜㅜ
>> 'did so' substitutes the VP without 'before dinner', it means that the PP is modifier which is not necessary in order to complete the meaning of the verb.
이렇게 작성해도 괜찮을까요?

[이동걸]

#9): *Which part is he a acontender with? => *which part of injury is he...... 로 살짝 수정하면 좋겠네요

[이동걸]

#10) the PPs 'with books' and 'in the store' are the adjunct and sisters to the same N-bar, 'a man'. 같은 N-bar의 sisters라는게 무슨 의미에서 말씀하신건지 추가 설명 부탁합니다.

[파이팅2020]

제가 잘못 설명했어요ㅜ 둘 다 a man의 adjunct라 생각해서 단순하게 그냥 같은 N-bar의 sisters라고 적었네요...ㅎㅎ;;;;;