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먼저 시험보기위한 전 과정 자료를 올립니다
혹시나 시험 볼분참고들 하세요
1) 이 교육과정에 가입하시면 한국어로도 교육 가능하고 한국어로 시험 볼수있습니다
( 구글 번역기능로 한국어 시험 볼수있습니다)( 삼성폰은 있고 아이폰은 없는것 같아요)
2) 시험은 과락한 부분만 3 번 까지 더 보도록 합니다
3) 한국어로 넉넉히 1 주일 정도공부 잘 이해하시면 시험보시는데 지장이없을것 같습니다
( 시험끝나니 자료 접근이 안되네요 그러니 넉넉히 시험보는시간을 두고 공부하세요)
4) 시험보는 일자 시간은 먼저 교육과정 다 끝나면 예약하는데 시험시간은 오후인데 오전 좀 일찍가니
볼수있도록 해주더라고요
5) 시험보는 도구는 스마폰으로 보는데 어떤분은 자기가사용하는 작은 컴퓨터 들고와서 보더라고요
6) 좀 이해하기어려운 부분은 차별 무능 괴롭힘 관련해서 문제나오는것 많이 헷갈려습니다
7) 시험 문제를 copy 하려고 노력했는데 감독관 ( 접수 보는분 따로있고 감독하는분 따로 돌아다녀서,,,,,,,
응시자분이 너무 궁금한점이 많아 많이 질문 하더라고요)
8) 동영상 두개에서는 시험 문제가 없었습니다 ( 혹시 다른분은 있었나요?)
Vulnerable Road Users
Pedestrians and cyclists pose unique hazards as they are harder to spot and their movements can be more unpredictable than other motorists. They also lack the protective metal shell of a vehicle so even a small mistake can be fatal. As a driver, it is your responsibility to safely navigate around pedestrians and cyclists. Difference Between a Crossover and a Crosswalk One place where you will likely encounter pedestrians is at a pedestrian crossing. Two common types of crossings are “crossovers
and “crosswalks”. A crossover is a pedestrian crossing that has specific markings, signs and lights. Some may also have illuminated overhead lights, warning signs, or pedestrian push buttons. At a crossover, drivers are required to stop in both directions until pedestrians and crossing guards have cleared the road. A crosswalk is also a pedestrian crossing, but it is found in intersections with traffic lights, pedestrian signals or stop signs. At a crosswalk, drivers only have to stop in both directions if there is a school crossing guard present. Penalties for failing to properly yield at pedestrian crossings include fines up to $1000 and the loss of four demerit points
Leading Interval Signals Leading interval signals help improve the visibility of pedestrians and cyclists while crossing at intersections. By providing a walk signal a few seconds in advance, pedestrians and cyclists are able to start crossing the street prior to the light turning green and vehicles advancing. This head start improves the visibility of these road users in the intersection which reinforces that they have right-of-way. Leading signals are particularly helpful for elderly, disabled or other slow-moving pedestrians who may take longer to occupy the crosswalk once the walk signal appears.
Safe Responses to Slow-moving Road Users Elderly, disabled or other slow-moving pedestrians may take longer to enter and cross an intersection once the walk signal appears. While leading pedestrian interval signals help by allowing them to proceed a few seconds in advance, it’s still important to show additional caution when these road users are crossing and to be patient and give them the time they need to cross safely. Spotting slow-moving road users is crucial, so avoid distractions and slow down wherever you can expect to see them. This is especially important in bad weather and at night because reduced visibility makes it harder for you to see other road users and for them to see you. Watch for pedestrians around intersections, and improve your responsiveness by scanning sidewalk to sidewalk as you approach, and by covering the brake pedal in case you need to stop suddenly. Remember to stop well behind the crosswalk so pedestrians aren’t forced into more dangerous parts of the road, and always give way if there is any doubt about who has priority. Finally, be cautious when driving around parked vehicles and watch for people entering, exiting or standing between vehicles and adjust your speed accordingly.
How to Respond to Emergency Vehicles Emergency vehicles responding to an emergency are faced with a limited amount of time to reach their destination and require the cooperation of all road users in ensuring that they are able to reach their destination safely. When you see an emergency vehicle approaching with sirens or flashing lights in either direction on the road you are traveling, signal and move as far to the right as you are able. When pulling over, stay clear of any intersection as this could put you in the path of danger. If you are in an intersection when you see an emergency vehicle approaching, proceed through the intersection and then signal and immediately pull as far to the right as you are able. Do not block the intersection or attempt to turn around in the intersection. Once the emergency vehicle has passed you, check your mirrors and blind spots to ensure it is safe to re-enter traffic, then signal before merging. It is illegal to follow closely behind an emergency vehicle, so make sure you leave at least 150 meters between your vehicles once you start moving again. Drivers who fail to slow down and pull over, when possible, for an emergency vehicle with sirens or flashing lights can be fined up to $2000 and 3 demerit points and can potentially have their licence suspended for a period of up to 2 years
Driving at Night & in Bad Weather
Driving at Night and in Bad Weather In general, driving at night is more dangerous than daytime driving. Visibility and depth perception are significantly reduced, making it harder for drivers to recognize and avoid potential hazards. Other factors, such as fatigue, alcohol use and inappropriate speeds, also contribute to a disproportionate number of traffic fatalities at night compared to during the day. To help mitigate the risks of driving at night, give your eyes enough time to adjust from bright conditions to darkness before driving. While driving, glance slightly to the right and use your peripheral vision to monitor the road ahead to avoid the glare of approaching headlights. Continuously scan the road and be on high alert for pedestrians and cyclists. Reduce your speed and increase your following distance to avoid overdriving your headlights and most importantly avoid impaired and drowsy driving.
Responding to Adverse Conditions Challenging weather can make any trip dangerous. It creates a harsh environment for motorists by reducing both their visibility and the traction of their vehicles. These stressful conditions test a motorist’s ability to drive safely, yet some drivers are unprepared to face them. Let’s take a closer look at some of the more common hazardous weather conditions and some general techniques for avoiding collisions if you are unable to avoid driving in them. Wet Roads: Moisture on the road means you have significantly less control over your vehicle. Wet roads can cause vehicles to hydroplane, which is when the tires have lost contact with the road surface and are gliding on water. Excess amounts of water can also negatively affect your brakes. To help maintain control of your vehicle, test your brakes after driving through significant amounts of water and do not return to normal speeds until you are certain they work properly. Do not drive over moving water because it can sweep your vehicle away. Also, be wary of puddles; they may be deeper than expected. When it starts to rain after a dry spell, drive extra carefully because a slippery film may be on the road. Glare: When glare occurs, it affects both your visibility and your awareness of other vehicles around you. It can be a problem in overcast conditions and pose a risk even when the sky is clear. Bright sunshine can temporarily blind motorists in traffic. Your vehicle’s sun visor or a pair of sunglasses can help reduce the impact of glare. If you drive through a dark area, such as a tunnel, make sure to reduce your speed to allow time for your eyes to adjust to the reduced light. Turn on your headlights and remember to remove your sunglasses.
Snow/Ice: In colder temperatures, ice on the road can cause drivers to lose control quickly because of reduced traction. Ice can make the road look wet and may be difficult to spot, so drivers need more time and space to deal with it safely. Braking hard or driving too quickly over a slippery surface can result in skidding. With this loss of control comes the possibility of a collision causing injury or death. In winter, an icy or snowy windshield reduces visibility, while blowing snow or glare can severely limit visibility. Mixed with humidity, temperature differences inside and outside of a vehicle can create foggy windows, and exposure to the cold can affect a vehicle’s tires, engine and battery life. Maintaining more time and space to stop your vehicle will help you maintain control of your vehicle when traction is reduced due to ice or snow. Do most of your braking on straight sections of road. Sudden actions in a turn could cause a skid, so reduce your speed ahead of bends and steer smoothly as you turn. If you do skid, ease off the accelerator and do not brake. Look and steer smoothly in the direction you want to go
Vehicle Equipment Requirements for Winter Conditions Properly preparing your vehicle also helps to minimize the hazards of driving in winter road conditions. Get a tune-up to ensure the vehicle is mechanically sound, and keep the fuel tank half-full, as a half-tank prevents moisture in the fuel system while a full tank adds vehicle weight. You should also ensure you have an ice-scraper, washer fluid, and an emergency kit that includes: • Non-perishable food • Bottled water • A blanket and warm clothes • A first-aid kit and seatbelt cutter • Road maps • Jumper cables • Shovel • Flashlight, warning light, road flares or reflective emergency signs • Traction mats or sand You cannot control the weather, but keeping your vehicle in good condition helps you avoid a breakdown in bad weather, so a regular inspection of key parts is vital. • Check the tires and their pressure. • Ensure that important lights are functioning properly, including headlights, taillights, brake lights, signals and hazard lights. • Check the condition of the wiper blades.
Requirements for Reporting Collisions While the ultimate goal is to avoid collisions through defensive driving, there are protocols to be followed if you are involved in one. In summary: 1. Exchange information with other involved drivers/witnesses. 2. Call the 911 where necessary as soon as it is safe. 3. Find and attend the nearest Collision Reporting Centre. 4. Report the collision with as much detail as possible. Let’s look at the procedures a little more closely. To begin with, you must exchange your driver’ licence, insurance and vehicle information with other involved drivers at the scene. You should record the location of the collision, as well as the license plate number, make, model and colour of the other vehicle(s), and collect any witness information. Where possible and safe to do so, vehicles can be moved to a safer area. If there is a fatality, someone must be transported from the scene by ambulance, or there is evidence of criminality, you must call 911 right away. The police must also be called if there is property damage and/or combined vehicle damage of $2000 or more, or if the collision involves a cyclist, bicycle or a moving vehicle hitting your vehicle’s open door. Also call the police if: • A service vehicle is involved. • There is damage to highways or public property or if hazardous goods have been compromised. • The collision occurs between the hours of 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm and any of the vehicles are not drivable. 02 Driving at Night & in Bad Weather If the collision does not meet the criteria above, or if reported to the police and they direct you to do so, you should go in person to a Collision Reporting Centre (CRC) within twenty-four hours to report it. Remember to provide as much detail as possible in your report including the particulars of the collision, individuals involved in the collision, the extent of personal injury and/or property damage, if any, and any other information deemed necessary to complete the written report. There are two CRCs in Toronto which are open from 9:00 am-9:00 pm on weekdays, and 11:00 am – 7:00 pm on weekends. North Collision Reporting Centre 113 Toryork Drive, North York 416-808-3960 East Collision Reporting Centre 39 Howden Road, Scarborough 416-808-4960 A third CRC, for cyclist and pedestrian only collision reporting is located at 9 Hanna Ave., and they can be reached at 1-833-413-0498. 02 Driving a
Distracted Driving
Distracted driving is any temporary diversion of focus that takes your hands off the wheel, your eyes off the road or your mind off driving. Distractions alone may not cause collisions, but they do drastically increase the risk. Distractions that affect driving fall into the following four categories, and each one can be dangerous: • Cognitive: distractions that reduce mental focus on driving • Visual: distractions that divert a driver’s eyes from the road • Auditory: distractions that muffle critical traffic sounds • Manual: distractions that take a driver’s hands off the steering wheel With few exceptions, the use of handheld mobile electronic devices while driving is prohibited under Ontario’s Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8. While the greatest danger involved in using a cell phone while driving is the cognitive distraction, handsfree phoning is still unsafe. Onboard technology has become increasingly common with vehicles containing everything from interactive music systems to navigation tools. These devices may add conveniences to driving, but that does not make them safe. Instead, onboard technologies can distract drivers. In the worst cases, drivers interacting with them become blind to hazards, lose control of their vehicles or crash. Mobile electronic devices and onboard technology can create distractions of all four types, cognitive, visual, auditory and manual, reducing a driver’s ability to safely operate the vehicle. • Cognitive distractions, such as cell phone conversations, can lead drivers to vary their speed and following distance. • Visual distractions, such as navigation and entertainment screens, can make drivers miss critical details on the road. • Auditory distractions, such as loud music, can drown out horns or sirens. • Manual distractions, such as adjusting radio controls, can lead drivers to deviate dangerously from their lane
The law on the use of handheld devices while driving in Ontario is clear. The severity of penalties depends on the type of licence you hold and the length of your driving experience. If convicted you will face fines, demerit points and/or the suspension of your driver’s licence as follows: First Offense: • Fines between $615 - $1000 depending on whether you settle out of court or fight the violation • Three demerit points • 3-day driver’s licence suspension Second Offense: • Fines between $615 - $2000 depending on whether you settle out of court or fight the violation • Six demerit points • 7-day driver’s licence suspension Third Offense: • Fines between $615 - $3000 depending on whether you settle out of court or fight the violation • Six demerit points • 30-day driver’s licence suspension If your distracted driving results in the endangerment of other people you could be charged with careless or even dangerous driving. Convictions for these charges include: • Fines up to $2000 • Six demerit points • A driver’s licence suspension up to two years • A jail term of six months for careless driving, up to 10 – 14 years for dangerous driving causing bodily harm or death
Safely Managing Electronic Devices As discussed, driving while distracted is not just dangerous, it can also lead to serious legal penalties. It can easily be avoided by using a few simple techniques: Minimize potential distractions by familiarizing yourself with onboard devices and adjusting them before you drive. Identify all vehicle controls you might need to use while driving and understand how they work. This will help you to use them safely on the road. For similar reasons, make any necessary adjustments to onboard technology before you start driving. For example: • Music systems • Climate-control devices • Other in-vehicle technology Securely fix portable units, such as navigation devices, in locations that will not obstruct your view of traffic. Lower the volume of music and anything else that could mask important sounds in traffic, such as the sirens of emergency vehicles. By making these adjustments before you drive, you avoid potentially dangerous disruptions later.
Eliminate as many potential distractions as you can. For example, cell phones pose unsafe distractions, and they are not essential for safe driving. Ideally, you should turn yours off before driving. At least let calls go to voicemail if you receive them on the road. By eliminating your phone as a distraction, you avoid impairing either your reaction time or your ability to control your speed and lane position. If you must use your cell phone, find a safe and legal place to park before doing so. Keep your focus on driving safely not on in-vehicle technology. Since driving is a complex activity involving cognitive, visual, manual and audio tasks, it deserves your undivided attention. Traffic and road conditions can change without warning, so scan thoroughly for potential hazards, and assess your situation actively. Also, keep both hands on the steering wheel when possible and maintain control of your vehicle at all times. Safety features in the vehicle, such as collision-warning systems, can malfunction, so do not rely on them exclusively. They are available to assist, but not replace, safe-driving skills. If in-vehicle technology becomes unresponsive or needs to be adjusted during your trip, it is best to stop somewhere safe first. Adjusting technology while driving can reduce your ability to monitor the road or control your vehicle properly. Since driving safely should be your first priority, there is no time for onboard technology distractions. Driving while distracted can lead to dangerous situations so be better prepared for hazards by avoiding it. This includes keeping your eyes on the road, your hands on the wheel, and your mind on driving.
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