Should school uniform be got rid of? (ppt포함^^*)

[김보라]

Background

The question of whether children should wear a uniform to school always makes for a lively debate, and not only among students! In some countries school uniform is normal and most schools make their students wear one.

Britain is the most obvious example of this, but in many other countries with strong links to Britain uniform often has to be worn to school - examples include Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Africa and many other African countries.

Uniform is also required at almost all schools in Japan. In other countries, particularly in continental Europe, the USA and Canada, uniform is very rare in state-funded schools, although private schools may have one. Debates about school uniform have been going on for decades in different countries and districts, but during the 1990s state schools in the USA began to adopt uniforms.

At first uniform rules were seen as a way of stopping children dressing in gang colours in troubled urban areas. Later, claims that introducing uniform leads to better discipline and educational results encouraged other school districts and schools to make a change. Both the Clinton and Bush administrations have been in favour of school uniforms.

Other countries have picked up on this trend - for example, there has been talk of making German children wear uniforms. This topic looks at a very large number of arguments about uniforms. Not all of these will apply in every country or school, so take care only to select the ones that are relevant for your debate. The proposition (affirmative or government) side here is arguing for uniforms to be scrapped, but the case could easily be reversed if your debate is about introducing uniforms instead.

Argument #1

CONS	PROS
School uniforms hamper original thinking in students. Everyone says that a uniform makes students look equal. But has anyone thought about people who are forced to wear certain items? Like Sikh people? They will be pulled out of school at an earlier age if the do not follow the family's religious beliefs. Not only that, all kids should be given the freedom to chose what they like rather than wearing what they do not like. When they grow up they will never be able to give their opinion on something, whatever it may be. When chosing a dress to wear to school, kids might take time at the same time they learn to think for themselves and to give their ideas to the world, now like in school... We all have a right to individuality, to make personal choices and to express our personality. This right of free expression‎ includes the way we choose to dress. Making everyone wear the same school uniform infringes on (goes against) our rights and is a misuse of authority. The right to choose what to wear is particularly important for young people, who often have few other ways of expressing their personality or making choices about their lives. ...............	Having all the students wearing the same uniform helps to create a sense of belonging and a good school ethos (culture or spirit). By showing that the school expects high standards, expectations are raised and students respond with better behaviour. US schools which introduced school uniform reported improved discipline.
	Schools with uniforms obtain better educational results. This is because there is better discipline and so the school setting makes learning easier. Without the distraction of checking out what all the other students are wearing (or how much flesh they are showing), students find it easier to concentrate and do better in tests.

Reference Article

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Plaid's Out, Again, as Schools Give Up Requiring Uniforms

By KATE ZERNIKE(THE NY TIMES)

CANYON COUNTRY, Calif. They tried hard to keep school uniforms going. They relented on the requirement for the logo. They allowed casual Fridays. They phoned every parent in a school of 1,300 students and reminded them that uniforms were mandatory; though yes, there was the opt-out provision for anyone who really objected.

But soon, teachers were wasting the first 10 minutes of class trying to figure out who had waivers and who was breaking the rules. The rule breakers were crowding the principal's office. By last spring, with only 200 students wearing uniforms, officials at Sierra Vista Junior High did what had come to seem inevitable: they abandoned school uniforms.

"It was nuts; it became a huge distraction," said Beth Shedd, the head of the math department. "It increased friction, it increased discipline problems, having to worry about who was wearing what. It wasn't worth the fight."

Just as Sierra Vista was one of many public schools caught up in the uniform craze of the 1990's, now it is one of many giving up on it. In California alone, where the trend took off, at least 50 schools have abandoned uniforms in the last two years. In and around Salt Lake City, 16 of the 40 schools that once required uniforms have dropped them. School officials report defections in Florida, Kansas and New Hampshire.

Uniforms first took hold as a way of dealing with gang colors and improving school security in the mid-1990's. But soon educators and politicians began to hold them out as cure-alls: if students looked more orderly, schools would be more orderly. Noise and discipline problems would go down, attendance and test scores would go up. Uniforms would blur distinctions between rich and poor and short-circuit the age-old competition over clothes. President Bill Clinton urged uniforms in two State of the Union addresses. President Bush allowed a tax break for them.

Yet in many places, the promises have not panned out. If anything, problems increased as infractions built up and uniforms became a stigma marking poor students. In places like this swelling suburb 35 miles north of Los Angeles, parents seemed less concerned about school safety. But even at urban schools in neighborhoods considered more dangerous, officials say they found it too hard to get parents to go along.

"I think if it had happened and kids really bought into it, I think it might have been a larger, more immediate success," said Donna Wells, the former director of school safety programs for Virginia and a researcher who has studied the effect of uniforms. "But I think uniforms have peaked for now. If there are a couple of school shootings tomorrow, we may see it again. But my sense is that right now people are focused on larger issues."

It is hard to know precisely how many school districts have adopted uniforms and how many have abandoned them. States do not track this information, and federal statistics do not go beyond 1997. As part of a study of school safety measures in 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that uniforms were required at about 20 percent of public and Roman Catholic elementary and middle schools and 10 percent of high schools.

In 1994, Long Beach, Calif., was the first big-city school district to adopt uniforms. When school crime rates dropped 22 percent the first year, the district quickly became a model for schools around the country.

So far, uniforms seem to have stuck best in cities. New York City, which came late to the trend, required elementary students to wear uniforms starting in 1999 unless the schools opted out; 75 percent of schools now make them mandatory.

Yet even in Long Beach, officials are tweaking the rules to keep uniforms going. This year, three elementary schools and the high school are allowing students to wear blue-and-white Hawaiian print shirts instead of the standard polo shirts as incentive to keep them in uniforms.

"It's a big, big, big, big struggle," said Michael Navia, the principal at Cubberley Elementary in Long Beach, where 60 percent of students wear Hawaiian shirts. "All we have to back us up is the parent."

Generally, public schools have to hold a vote among parents on uniforms, and have to allow them to opt out. That is where the problems begin.

In Canyon Country, teachers and parents talk about the early days of mandatory uniforms wistfully, as if recalling a kind of communal bliss. For years after the school adopted uniforms in 1996, not a single Canyon Country student arrived out of uniform. "Children had more focus, parents had peace of mind," said Randy Parker, the principal at Sierra Vista.

Then in the spring of 1999, a parent at a nearby junior high school objected to mandatory uniforms, saying the policy violated students' constitutional right of free expression‎. In defense of the state law, a newspaper article pointed out that state law allowed parents to opt out of uniform policies. That was news to many parents at Sierra Vista, and ammunition to their children.

The next day, teachers said, a small group of students showed up out of uniform. They moved through the hallways like a threatening storm cloud, whispering to others of their newly realized rights.

Within a month, 100 students had opted out, and others were showing up out of uniform, or with a change of clothes tucked into their backpacks. That fall, the school relaxed the rules, but the problem got worse.

Parents began using waivers as bargaining chips: get an A in algebra and you do not have to wear the uniform. Others stuffed waivers into Christmas stockings. Mr. Parker had to update the opt-out list daily.

By spring 2001, teachers were pleading to get rid of the policy. The uniform disputes coincided with new state tests, and policing clothes was taking too much time. Mr. Parker took the request to the school board. "I didn't think the tide was going to turn back," he said.

The board wanted the school to try. So the phone calls went out. In the first two days of school in 2001, Mr. Parker met with 100 parents — leaving 21 new teachers essentially leaderless. Four hundred students opted out in the first week, with the number rising to 500 within a month. By spring, with only about 200 students in uniform, the school told teachers to stop enforcing the rule. In June, the school board repealed the policy.

"Parents want uniforms," Mr. Parker said. "They just don't want uniforms for their kid."

Some parents at Sierra Vista, as at other schools nationwide, said it was too expensive to maintain two sets of clothes. Others, though, said it was the battles they could not afford.

"I have a pile of uniforms at home; I loved them," Wendy Taylor said. "With teenage girls, it made it so much easier in the morning. But when some of the kids stopped, they picked up on it and said, `Everybody else isn't wearing them.' Slowly everybody just stopped."

Other districts have had problems, too.

South of Los Angeles, in Westminster, officials hoped uniforms would even out class and race distinctions in their 17 schools. In fact, they said, uniforms reinforced them. Hispanic and Asian parents, generally poorer, embraced uniforms, while white parents opted out, saying their children wanted to show off new outfits.

Elsewhere, school officials say the opt-outs began corrupting the message they were trying to send. The Highland-Goffe's Falls School in Manchester, N.H., dropped its uniform policy when seven families refused to go along. "The whole idea of education is consistency," said Jim Paul, the principal. "All it takes is one behavior that's inconsistent. The kids start saying, `If they don't have to do it, why should I?' "

Still, others keep trying. In Utah, Karen Morgan, a state representative, sponsored three changes in state law to try to make uniform policies work. This year, Ms. Morgan shepherded a law that largely eliminates opt-out provisions.

But in Canyon Country, teachers are once again talking about school as a kind of bliss.

"Once we let it go, it was a much quieter place to be," said Ms. Shedd, the math department head. "I can teach again."

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Pros 분들 참고하세요~

Reference : Manual on School Uniforms

School Uniforms: Where They Are and Why They Work

A safe and disciplined learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. Young people who are safe and secure, who learn basic American values and the essentials of good citizenship, are better students. In response to growing levels of violence in our schools, many parents, teachers, and school officials have come to see school uniforms as one positive and creative way to reduce discipline problems and increase school safety.

They observed that the adoption of school uniform policies can promote school safety, improve discipline, and enhance the learning environment. The potential benefits of school uniforms include:

☻decreasing violence and theft -- even life-threatening situations -- among students over designer

clothing or expensive sneakers;

☻helping prevent gang members from wearing gang colors and insignia at school;

☻instilling students with discipline;

☻helping parents and students resist peer pressure;

☻helping students concentrate on their school work; and

☻helping school officials recognize intruders who come to the school.

As a result, many local communities are deciding to adopt school uniform policies as part of an overall program to improve school safety and discipline. California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia have enacted school uniform regulations. Many large public school systems -- including Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dayton, Detroit, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Miami, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Phoenix, Seattle and St. Louis -- have schools with either voluntary or mandatory uniform policies, mostly in elementary and middle schools. In addition, many private and parochial schools have required uniforms for a number of years. Still other schools have implemented dress codes to encourage a safe environment by, for example, prohibiting clothes with certain language or gang colors.

Users' Guide to Adopting a School Uniform Policy

The decision whether to adopt a uniform policy is made by states, local school districts, and schools. For uniforms to be a success, as with all other school initiatives, parents must be involved. The following information is provided to assist parents, teachers, and school leaders in determining whether to adopt a school uniform policy.

Get parents involved from the beginning

Parental support of a uniform policy is critical for success. Indeed, the strongest push for school uniforms in recent years has come from parent groups who want better discipline in their children's schools. Parent groups have actively lobbied schools to create uniform policies and have often led school task forces that have drawn up uniform guidelines. Many schools that have successfully created a uniform policy survey parents first to gauge support for school uniform requirements and then seek parental input in designing the uniform. Parent support is also essential in encouraging students to wear the uniform.

Protect students' religious expression‎

A school uniform policy must accommodate students whose religious beliefs are substantially burdened by a uniform requirement. As U.S. Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley stated in Religious Expression‎ in Public Schools, a guide he sent to superintendents throughout the nation on August 10, 1995:

Students may display religious messages on items of clothing to the same extent that they are permitted to display other comparable messages. Religious messages may not be singled out for suppression, but rather are subject to the same rules as generally apply to comparable messages. When wearing particular attire, such as yarmulkes and head scarves, during the school day is part of students' religious practice, under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act schools generally may not prohibit the wearing of such items.

Protect students' other rights of expression‎

A uniform policy may not prohibit students from wearing or displaying expressive items -- for example, a button that supports a political candidate - so long as such items do not independently contribute to disruption by substantially interfering with discipline or with the rights of others. Thus, for example, a uniform policy may prohibit students from wearing a button bearing a gang insignia. A uniform policy may also prohibit items that undermine the integrity of the uniform, notwithstanding their expressive nature, such as a sweatshirt that bears a political message but also covers or replaces the type of shirt required by the uniform policy.

Determine whether to have a voluntary or mandatory school uniform policy

Some schools have adopted wholly voluntary school uniform policies which permit students freely to choose whether and under what circumstances they will wear the school uniform. Alternatively, some schools have determined that it is both warranted and more effective to adopt a mandatory uniform policy.

When a mandatory school uniform policy is adopted, determine whether to have an "opt out" provision

In most cases, school districts with mandatory policies allow students, normally with parental consent, to "opt out" of the school uniform requirements.

Some schools have determined, however, that a mandatory policy with no "opt out" provision is necessary to address a disruptive atmosphere. A Phoenix, Arizona school, for example, adopted a mandatory policy requiring students to wear school uniforms, or in the alternative attend another public school. That Phoenix school uniform policy was recently upheld by a state trial court in Arizona. Note that in the absence of a finding that disruption of the learning environment has reached a point that other lesser measures have been or would be ineffective, a mandatory school uniform policy without an "opt out" provision could be vulnerable to legal challenge.

Do not require students to wear a message

Schools should not impose a form of expression‎ on students by requiring them to wear uniforms bearing a substantive message, such as a political message.

Assist families that need financial help

In many cases, school uniforms are less expensive than the clothing that students typically wear to school. Nonetheless, the cost of purchasing a uniform may be a burden on some families. School districts with uniform policies should make provisions for students whose families are unable to afford uniforms. Many have done so. Examples of the types of assistance include: (a) the school district provides uniforms to students who cannot afford to purchase them; (b) community and business leaders provide uniforms or contribute financial support for uniforms; (c) school parents work together to make uniforms available for economically disadvantaged students; and (d) used uniforms from graduates are made available to incoming students.

Treat school uniforms as part of an overall safety program

Uniforms by themselves cannot solve all of the problems of school discipline, but they can be one positive contributing factor to discipline and safety. Other initiatives that many schools have used in conjunction with uniforms to address specific problems in their community include aggressive truancy reduction initiatives, drug prevention efforts, student-athlete drug testing, community efforts to limit gangs, a zero tolerance policy for weapons, character education classes, and conflict resolution programs. Working with parents, teachers, students, and principals can make a uniform policy part of a strong overall safety program, one that is broadly supported in the community.

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소주제 들어갑니다~^^*(확실한 이해를 위해 여기서는 한글로 적어두겠습니다)

1. 교복 착용 시

"옷차림에 신경쓰지 않게 해주어 공부에 전념케 한다" 와

"학생 신분을 나타내주는 옷으로써 미성년자 보호와 탈선 방지 역할을 한다"는 주장은 옳은가 그른가?

Pros : 옳다.

Cons : 그르다.

2. 교복의 경제성에 대해

Pros : 교복으로 사복 구입 비용을 줄인다.

Cons : 교복 가격은 브랜드 경쟁과 독점 공급의 폐혜로 거품이 있다.

3. 한국의 교복제도는 일제치하의 잔재인가 아닌가?

Pros : 한국의 교복제도는 일제치하의 잔재가 아니다.

Cons : 한국의 교복제도는 일제치하의 잔재다.

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(저번주에 디베이트팀 그대로 유지하겠습니다^^*)

교복착용 찬성 : 선미, 민석, 보희, 진우, 남호, 상화

교복착용 반대 : 도용, 경훈, 지아, 미영, 언석, 유라

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Debate Skill에 관하여 (스티브오빠의 업로드내용 - 고마워용 ㅎㅎ)

기조 연설, 주장 요약  각각의 인원은 역할을 분배하라!. (가까이 앉는 분 준비 잘 해와야 겠죠?^^)

- 각 팀의 사람들은 기본적으로 재각기의 역할을 가져야 한다. 반대&찬성 편에서 프라자이더와 가장 가깝게 앉은 사람이 기조 연설을 하여야한다.

*기조 연설이란: 소주제에 대한 전반적인 의견과 자신들의 주장할 목록을 간단히 소개하는 시간이다.

*주장 요약이란: 소주제의 대한 의견을 모아서 마지막에 조목 조목 요약해서 의견을 정리하는 시간이다.

체계적인 역할 분담을 통해 디베이트의 효율을 높이고 의견을 공유하는 것이 이것의 목적이다.

발언권은 얻고 말을 해야지!!!

- 무분별하게 자기 주장을 펼친다면 그것은 정말 시장 바닥에서 목소리 높이기 싸움을 하는 것이나 마찬가지다. 또한 논리가 이상하고 필요 이상으로 시간을 소비하는 발언자에게 재제를 가하는것도 프라자이더가 있는 이유인 것이다.

XXX 정말 중요한 것은 이 주제에 대해서 자기 스스로 많이 준비해 오는 것이 중요하다고 생각합니다. 또한 디베이트는 자기가 말할 문장을 준비해서 읽는 것이 아니라   상대가 말하는 것을 정말 신중히 듣고 그것에  대해서 반대 측면을 부각 시키고 논리를 반박 하는 시간입니다. 그렇게 할수 있으려면 정말 많이 읽어보고 상대의 예상 발언이나 자신의 발언을 많이 준비하는 것이 필요하다고 봅니다. 스스로 영어 공부를 할려고 선택 한만큼 열심히 해서 실력을 높여 나갑시다. 화이팅!!!

School Uniform.ppt

[김보라]

자자~^^* 피드백 할게용~>ㅅ < 건의사항은 미리 연락쥬세용^0^* 수정하게용..ㅎ

[SUNNY]

와우, 굉장한데 ㅋㅋㅋ 읽어보고 말해줄께. 근데 아마 상화오빠 오지 않나?

[김보라]

상화 오빠 이름 넣었져 : ]

[김보라]

변환해서 ppt용량 줄여서 업로드 했어요^^* 내용은 핵심만 쓰구 말할거 준비해야 하는거 아시죠?ㅎ 혹시나 참고로 쓰실분은 쓰세용 ㅎ