스크랩 세계에서 발생한 지진 기록들

[임영빈(빛나리)]

세계 역사에 기록된 지진에 대한 자료를 검색하다가 이러한 기록들을 토대로 자연의 경고와 재난에 대한 올바른 지식을 함께 공유하고자 유용한 자료를 발췌하여 올립니다.

세계의 기록에서 최초의 지진으로 기록된 ‘폼페이’ 대지진을 비록하여 역사상 가장 많은 830,000 여명의 희생자가 발생한 ‘중국의 산샤 대지진’과 역사상 가장 규모가 강력했던 1960년의 ‘칠레 대지진’을 비롯하여, 가장 최근(1976)에 발생한 지진으로 255,000 여명의 희생자가 발생한 ‘탕산 대지진’등 역사속에서 중요성이 가진 대부분의 지진 기록을 모았습니다.

￭ Pompeii (62).

￭ Aleppo Earthquake (1138).

￭ Basel earthquake (1356). Major earthquake that struck Central Europe in 1356.

￭ Carniola earthquake (1511). A major earthquake that shook a large portion of South-Central Europe. Its epicenter was around the town of Idrija, in today's Slovenia. It caused great damage to structures all over Carniola, including Ljubljana, and in western Carinthia, particularly in Villach and Klagenfurt which were almost completely destroyed. There was some minor damage in Venice and other cities, too.

￭ Shaanxi Earthquake (1556). Deadliest known earthquake in history, estimated to have killed 830,000 in China. -> 역사상 최대의 참사로 기록된 대지진

￭ Dover Straits earthquake of 1580 (1580).

￭ Dubrovnik earthquake (1667). Disastrous earthquake in Dubrovnik, Croatia killed about 3/5 of the population.

￭ Port Royal Earthquake (1692). An earthquake on June 7, 1692, largely destroyed Port Royal, a safe harbor for pirates, causing two thirds of the city to sink into the Caribbean Sea.

￭ The great Sicilian earthquake (1693). As many as 100,000 may have died.

￭ Cascadia Earthquake (1700).

￭ Tokyo earthquake (1703). 37,000 died.

￭ Kamchatka earthquakes (1737) The third biggest earthquake on record measuring 9.3 on the richter scale.

￭ Lisbon earthquake (1755), one of the most destructive and deadly earthquakes in history, killing between 60,000 and 100,000 people and causing a major tsunami that affected parts of Europe, North Africa and the Caribbean.

￭ Calabria earthquake (1783). Series of 6 earthquakes in Calabria, Italy killed 50,000.[11]

￭ Quito earthquake. (1797) Quito, Viceroyalty of Peru, now the capital of Ecuador, was devastated by an earthquake. 40,000 died.

￭ New Madrid Earthquake (1811), and another tremor (1812) that also struck the small Missouri town, was reportedly the strongest ever in North America and made the Mississippi River temporarily change its direction and permanently altered its course in the region.

￭ Fort Tejon Earthquake (1857). Estimated Richter Scale above 8, said the strongest earthquake in Southern California history.

￭ Lone Pine earthquake (1872). Might been strongest ever measured in California with an estimated Richter Scale of 8.1 said seismologists.

￭ Charleston earthquake (1886). Largest earthquake in the southeastern United States, killed 100.

￭ Ljubljana earthquake (14. IV. 1895), a series of powerful quakes that ultimately had a vital impact on the city of Ljubljana, being a catalyst of its urban renewal.

￭ Assam earthquake of 1897 (1897). Large earthquake that destroyed all masonry structures, measuring more than 8 on the Richter scale.

￭ San Francisco Earthquake (1906). Between 7.7 and 8.3 magnitudes; killed approximately 3,000 people and caused around $400 million in damage; most devastating earthquake in California and U.S. history.

￭ Messina Earthquake (1908). Killed about 60,000 people.

￭ Gansu earthquake (1920). Killed 200,000 in Gansu province, China.[12]

￭ Great Kantō earthquake (1923). On the Japanese island of Honshū, killing over 140,000 in Tokyo and environs.

￭ Hawke's Bay earthquake (1931). Occurred in the Hawkes Bay in the North Island of New Zealand leaving 256 dead.

￭ Long Beach earthquake (1933)

￭ Balochistan earthquake at Quetta (1935), Pakistan measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale. Anywhere from 30,000 to 60,000 people died

￭ Erzincan earthquake at Erzincan (1939), Turkey measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale.

￭ Ashgabat earthquake (1948). Earthquake in Ashgabat, Soviet Union measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale killed over 110,000 (2/3 the population of the city).[13]

￭ Assam earthquake of (1950). Earthquake in Assam, India measures 8.6M.

￭ Kamchatka earthquakes (1952 and 1737), measuring >9.0.

￭ Great Kern County earthquake (1952). This was second strongest tremor in Southern California history, epicentered 60 miles North of Los Angeles. Major damage in Bakersfield, California and Kern County, California, while it shook the Los Angeles area.

￭ Yellowstone earthquake (1959), formed Quake Lake in southern Montana, USA

￭ Great Chilean Earthquake (1960). Biggest earthquake ever recorded,[14] 9.5 on Moment magnitude scale, and generated tsunamis throughout the Pacific ocean.

-> 역사상 지진파의 강도가 가장 강력했던 지진으로 기록됨.

￭ Agadir earthquake (1960), Morocco with around 15,000 casualties.

￭ Skopje earthquake (1963), measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale kills 1,800 people, leaves another 120,000 homeless, and destroys 80% of the city.

￭ Good Friday Earthquake (1964) In Alaska, it was the fourth biggest earthquake recorded,[15] measuring 9.2M. and generated tsunamis throughout the Pacific ocean.

￭ Ancash earthquake (1970). Caused a landslide that buried the town of Yungay, Peru; killed over 40,000 people.

￭ Sylmar earthquake (1971). Caused great and unexpected destruction of freeway bridges and flyways in the San Fernando Valley, leading to the first major seismic retrofits of these types of structures, but not at a sufficient pace to avoid the next California freeway collapse in 1989.

￭ Managua earthquake (1972), which killed more than 10,000 people and destroyed 90% of the city. The earthquake took place on December 23, 1972 at midnight.

Friuli earthquake (1976), Which killed more than 2.000 people in Northeastern Italy and in the Slovenian Littoral on the 6th of May

￭ Tangshan earthquake (1976). The most destructive earthquake of modern times. The official death toll was 255,000, but many experts believe that two or three times that number died.

-> 20세기에 가장 많은 희생자를 낸 대지진

￭ Guatemala earthquake (1976). Causing 23,000 deaths, 77,000 injuries and the destruction of more than 250,000 homes.

￭ Coalinga, California earthquake (1983). 6.5 on the Richter scale on a section of the San Andreas Fault. Six people killed, downtown Coalinga, California devastated and oil field blazes.

￭ Great Mexican Earthquake (1985). Killed over 6,500 people, according to official Mexican government reports,[citation needed] but as many as 30,000 people are thought to have been killed (they disappeared and never reappeared after the initial Earthquakes).

￭ Great San Salvador Earthquake (October 10, 1986). Killed over 1,500 people.

￭ Whittier Narrows earthquake (1987).

￭ Newcastle, NSW Australia earthquake 1989 {FLEMO}

￭ Armenian earthquake (1988). Killed over 25,000.

￭ Loma Prieta earthquake (1989). Severely affecting Santa Cruz, San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland in California. This is also called the World Series Earthquake. It struck as Game 3 of the 1989 World Series was just getting underway at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Revealed necessity of accelerated seismic retrofit of road and bridge structures.

￭ Iran Earthquake (1990). 7.7 on the Richter scale. Killed over 35,000 in Gilan Province, southwest of Caspian sea.[16]

￭ Luzon Earthquake (1990). On 16 July 1990, an earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale struck the island of Luzon, Philippines.

￭ Landers, California earthquake (1992). Serious damage in the small town of Yucca Valley, California and was felt across 10 states in Western U.S. Another tremor measured 6.4 struck 3 hours later and felt across Southern California.

￭ Guam Earthquake (August 1993), measuring 8.2 on the Richter scale and lasting 60 seconds.

￭ Northridge, California earthquake (1994). Damage showed seismic resistance deficiencies in modern low-rise apartment construction.

￭ Sakhalin earthquake (1995). Measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, killing over 2,000 people in Sakhalin, Russia.[17]

￭ Great Hanshin earthquake (1995). Killed over 6,400 people in and around Kobe, Japan.

￭ Afghanistan earthquake (1998). 6.9 on the Richter scale. Some 125 villages were damaged and 4000 people killed.[18]

￭ Athens earthquake (1999). 5.9 on the Richter scale, it hit Athens on September 7. Epicentered 10 miles north of the Greek capital, it claimed 143 lives.

￭ Chi-Chi earthquake (1999) Also called the 921 earthquake. Struck Taiwan on September 21, 1999. Over 2,000 people killed, destroyed or damaged over ten thousand buildings. Caused world computer prices to rise sharply.

￭ Armenia, Colombia (1999) 6.2 on the Richter scale, Killed over 2,000 in the Colombian Coffee Grown Zone.

￭ İzmit earthquake(1999) measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale and killed over 17,000 in northwestern Turkey.

￭ Hector Mine earthquake (1999). 7.1 on the Richter scale, epicentered 30 miles east of Barstow, California, widely felt in California and Nevada.

￭ Düzce earthquake at Düzce (1999), Turkey measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale.

￭ Baku earthquake (2000).

￭ Nisqually Earthquake (2001).

￭ El Salvador earthquakes (2001). 7.9 (13 January) and 6.6 (13 February) magnitudes, killed more than 1,100 people.

￭ Gujarat Earthquake (26 January 2001).

￭ Hindu Kush earthquakes (2002). Over 1.100 killed.

￭ Molise earthquake (2002) 26 killed.

￭ Bam Earthquake (2003). Over 40,000 people are reported dead.

￭ Parkfield, California earthquake (2004). Not large (6.0), but the most anticipated and intensely instrumented earthquake ever recorded and likely to offer insights into predicting future earthquakes elsewhere on similar slip-strike fault structures.

￭ Chūetsu earthquake (2004).

￭ Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake (26 December 2004). By some estimates, the second largest earthquake in recorded history (estimates of magnitude vary between 9.1[19] and 9.3). Epicentered off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, this massive earthquake triggered a series of gigantic tsunamis that smashed onto the shores of a number of nations, causing 230,000 fatalities.

￭ Sumatran (Nias) Earthquake (2005).

￭ Fukuoka earthquake (2005).

￭ Northern Chile Earthquake (2005). 7.9 (13 June). Killed only 15 people, but left many poor families homeless.

￭ Kashmir earthquake (2005) (also known as the Great Pakistan earthquake). Killed over 79,000 people; and many more injured.

￭ Lake Tanganyika earthquake (2005).

￭ Java earthquake (May 2006).

￭ July 2006 7.7 magnitude Java earthquake which triggered tsunamis (2006).

￭ October 2006 6.6 magnitude Kona, Hawaii earthquake (2006).

￭ November 2006 8.1 magnitude north of Japan (2006).

￭ December 26, 2006, 7.2 magnitude, southwest of Taiwan (2006).

￭ Sumatra Earthquakes March 06, 2007, 6.4 and 6.3 magnitude, Sumatra, Indonesia (2007).

￭ March 25, 2007, 6.9 magnitude, off the west coast of Honshū, Japan (2007).

￭ April 1, 2007, 8.1 magnitude, Solomon Islands (2007).

￭ Guatemala Earthquake 6.7 magnitude (2007).

￭ July 16, 2007, 6.6 magnitude, Niigata prefecture, Japan (2007).

￭ Peru earthquake 8.0 magnitude, August 15 (2007)[20]

￭ Sumatra earthquakes 8.0 magnitude September 12 (2007)[21]

￭ 7.7 magnitude, Antofagasta, Chile (November 14, 2007).

￭ November 29, 2007, 7.4 magnitude, Caribbean Sea (2007).

￭ December 20, 2007 6.8 magnitude, Gisborne, New Zealand (2007).

￭ February 20, 2008 Sumatra earthquake 7.5 magnitude[22]

￭ February 25, 2008 Sumatra earthquake 7.3 magnitude. The quake was centered about 160 km (100 miles) south-southwest of Padang. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a local tsunami watch.[23]

￭ March 21, 2008 China earthquake 7.2 magnitude. The quake happened in Yutian County, Hebei, a remote region in the Kunlun Mountains far from any residential areas.[24]

<자료출처: 위키피디어 홈페이지(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake#Pre-20th_century)>