전치사구 현장 체험
전치사구 현장 체험이란 다른게 아니고
다른 모든 구/절들도 마찬가지지만
이론적인 내용을 개괄적으로 숙지한 다음
지문 현장에 실제로 쓰인 구들의 역할을 살펴 봄으로 확실한 이해를 도모하게 되는데
지문에 쓰인 전치사구란 전치사구는 모조리 다 추려서
형역/부역 두 역당으로 분류하여 (역당; 역할상의 두 전치사구당)
서로 어찌 다른지 스스로 그 차이점을 느껴 보자는 것이다
(보어로 쓰인 전구는 비필수 수식이 아닌 필수구조 요소니 '/' 로 구분않고 밑줄 로 보어임을 표시한다
당근 영어감 형성을 위해서 하는거니
한글감인 한글 해석상으로 느낀 차이점을 말하는 것이 아니고
영어인의 어법/사고방식에 준하여 나온 글이므로
영어인의 사고 방식에 준한 차이점 구분 방식으로 감지하도록 애써보자
왜 굳이 형역/부역을 구별해야는가?
않해도 대충 이해되는데?
그 '대충이'라는 '멍충이' 때문에 대충한 영어가 멍충이 영어로 불통되니
대충이해라는 멍충이 해를 빛내지도 말고 있는체도 말자 (pun intended)
Don't even show the slightest sign of its existence.
* pun intended 하면 말장난 했다고 친절히 알려서
말장난 pun 인지 모르시는 분들을 웃기도록 배려한 처사다
멍충이 해를 = 멍충 이해를
* pun 은 fun 의 오타가 아닙니다
한글도 잘하려면
아 다르고 어 다른거 알아야 눈치 없다고 무안 당하지 않듯
영어도 형/부가 역할상 서로 다른걸 감지해야 바른 이해오고
바른이 해가 나와야 바른이 글이며 말도 나오는 법이니 그렇고
영어와 진정한 친구가 되려면
영어인들이 무지 싫어하는 assUme 을 멀리하고
상대의 감정/사고방식/뉘앙스/어법에 발맞춤/눈맞춤하여
이심전심의 혼연일체를 기해야
영어가 상통(상큼하게 통함) 된다
부역전구는 문장 앞에도 오지만 뒤에도 오나
통상적으로 목적이 동사 뒤 명당자리 고집하니
위치에 연연하지 않는 부역전구는 동사 수식이지만 목적 뒷자리도 마다 않기에 가나
본의 아니게 목적인 명사/대명사 수식하는 형역전구와 같은 위치라 혼동을 야기할 수도 있으니
의미상 명사를 한정하는지 동사에 설명 추가를 하는지 잘 살펴보자
좀 틀렸다 해서 의미가 불통하는건 아니니
심각하게 두 역할 사이에서 고민할건 없고
단지 좋은글의 성격중의 하나인 clarity 명확성을 글에 주고자 하는 속깊은 뜻만 알면 된다
아님 애매한 글로 상대를 혼란/오해 바다로 내 몰려면 대충해서 기다 아니다 쌈질하시던지
전치사구의 형/부 이중 역할 특성과
목적 뒷자리라는 형/부 공통 위치 특성과 결부되어
이중으로 혼란을 야기하는바
double edged sword 양면에 날선검 처럼 너도치고 나도 칠 수 있으니
누굴 칠건지 잘 파악해야 말실수로 치려다 맞는 희극을 피하리라
그런 연고로 목적 뒤에온 전치사구를
목적 소속인지 동사 소속인지 소속/입장을 분명히 해야
오해로 AssUme 으로 가지도 보내지도 않아
말 상추쌈 비극이 막아진다
(영어로 ass 볼기짝은 상대 감정을 상하게 하고자 하는 말로도 많이 쓰이니
그 궁닥짝을 U 너와 me 나시이에 끼워 넣는듯한 assume 억측은
누구나 즐겨 하면서도 자신이 오해 받는건 질색하여 나쁘게 보나 우리는 볼기짝을 귀엽게 보니 욕은 아니다)
전구 현장 지문체험 숙지 사항
1. 전구는 부역/형역 비필수 수식구이므로 '/'로 분리하고
보어로 쓰인 전구는 필수이므로 밑줄만 친다
She goes/ to school.
She is at school now.
2. 명사수식 형역전구는 명사구 소속이므로 [명사 + 전구] 처럼 괄호로 묶어 부역과 구별한다
[neither/ of them] had cell phones,
3. 복합 전치사
전치사가 하나 이상 여럿 겹쳐 나오는 경우
전부다 명사에 붙는 다중 전치사일 경우도 있고
일부는 동사구 소속이거나 동사에 의미를 첨가하는 부사 역할일 수도 있다
하여 동구면 볼드체로 구분한다
이걸 구분 잘못하면 타동사구를 자동사로, 자동사를 타동사구로 오인하여
의미 이해를 잘못하거나 불통될 수 있다
He stopped / next to her. 이중전치사
Jen was out in front of her house, 이중전치사
she went /back/ to her original spot, 부사 back
go back /up / to my house 부사 up
He tore up the street, 동사구 소속, 소사인 up
I can finally catch up/ to him 동사구 소속, 소사인 up
4. 형역/부역 구별 방법
형역; which/what kind? 의 질문에 답이 형역전구로 되는 경우
형역은 명사를 한정 설명하는 역할이라 명사의 세부 설명이다
부역; when, where, how, in what manner? 등의 부사적인 내용의 질문에 답이 되는 경우
부역은 동사의 동작이 언제, 어디서, 어떻게 등등 행해 진다는 동작 설명이므로
부사처럼 해석하면 된다
부역전구는 이동성이 있어 문장 앞으로도 보낼 수 있다
5. 전목으로 명사 말고도 명사 상당어구 (대용명사)도 쓰이니
그 경우 VIP 대접으로 특별 분석한다
Tell me her love story /about having a crush on him, 전치사 + 동명사구
I will tell you / of an insult that she insulted him, 전치사 + 명사 + 형절
Look /at what you did. 전치사 + 의문사절/명절
6. 형역전구 뒤에 쓰인 부역전구 혼동문제
형역전구는 명사 바로 뒤에 쓰이기에 크게 오해할 일 없으나
부역전구는 문두나 문미 또는 동사 바로 뒤 등등 위치 유동성이 있으므로 헛갈릴 수 있다[those /in any trouble] 곤경에 처해있는 그들
comfort /with the comfort (받은) 그 위로로 위로하다
또 다른 구별법
those who?
those (who are) in trouble. 형역전구는 형절로 전환가능하다
comfort how?
comfort /with the comfort 의문부사의 질문에 답이 같은 특성의 부사 역할전구가 된다
나. 부역전구 + 부역전구
He is doing things //that will overflow /into the lives of others /through our testimony of his faithfulness.
전치사구 1. /into the lives of others
전치사구 2. /through our testimony of his faithfulness
overflow where?
overflow /into the lives of others
overflow how?
overflow /through our testimony of his faithfulness
다. 부역전구 + 형역전구
He is doing things //that will overflow /through our testimony of his faithfulness.
전치사구 1. /through our testimony 부사역할
전치사구 2. of his faithfulness. 형용사 역할
overflow how? 어떤식으로 흘러?
overflow /through our testimony 우리의 간증을 통해서
which testimony? 어떤 간증
라. 형역전구 + 형역전구
the person with iron in their soul
which person?
the person /with iron
which iron?
iron in their soul
How many millions of desperate people down through history have been comforted.
which millions?
millions /of desperate people 형역전구
which people?
people /down through history 형역전구
지문 예문
우선 쉬운 문체를 골라 내용을 즐기면서 전구를 추출해서 분리해보자
http://www.fictionpress.com/s/2427548/3/The-Battle-With-Life
The Battle Age 11 It all started when Jen was out in front of her house, fastening her helmet, getting ready to go on a nice, quiet, bike ride. Then [her friend/ from up the street, Henry Taloopa] came streaming down the hill/ on his brand new scooter. He stopped/ next to her. "Watcha doing, Jen?" He asked. "Just getting ready to ride my bike/ up to the park. Wanna come?" She asked.
* go on 은 영영사전이 타동사구라 한다
* out / in front of her house 집 앞의 밖에
out 을 형용사로 하고 전구를 부역으로 하나; 집 앞의 밖에
out in front of her house 집밖에
이중전치사로 하나 의미는 다 같다; 집밖에
"Sure, let me just go back up / to my house and ask my dad if it's okay." He tore up the street, showing off his navy blue scooter. He had gotten it for his birthday, which had been the day before.
* go back up 자동사구
자동사의 경우야 뒤에 부사적인 수식어/구만 오니 전구는 부역이다
목적 뒤에온 전구는 위치상 부역/형역 둘중 하나므로 구분필요
He had gotten it for his birthday
it for his birthday 생일을 위한 그것? (X)
gotten it why? 왜 받았어? for his birthday 생일선물로 받다(O)
She kicked the stones on the road.
kicked where?
kicked on the road.
which stones?
the stones on the road.
위 경우는 부역/형역 다 되는 경우나
더 말되는 쪽으로 간다
이미 길 위에 돌을 놓았다 했으니 길 위에서 차다라는 설명이 불필요하다 본다
자기가 길 위에 줄지어 놓은 그 돌을 찾다는 쪽이 말된다
As Jen waited/ for Henry to come back, she began to kick the stones on the road. After about ten minutes, she walked about ten feet, and made a line with all the stones. Then she went back to her original spot, and tried to see if she could kick the stones/ farther/ than the line. She had a contest to see which stones could go the farthest.
* waited/ for Henry to come back
전치사 + 명사 + 형역부정사 = 전구/부역
As ten minutes became fifteen, and fifteen became twenty, she finally caught [a glimpse of blue / up the hill], and saw that Henry had come back.
"Did she say you could come?" Asked Jen anxiously. It was always more fun to be with a friend than be all alone.
"No. She says it's too close to dinner." It was five-thirty/ on a beautiful September afternoon. "But she's all the way up the hill at my house…"
Henry got a far-off look in his eyes. "… And she did say I could play
just on the street, so she won't be expecting me home until dinner at
six…"
* all the way up the hill
이런 구가 '전구 현장 체험'을 실감 나게 한다
전치사 없이 she is the hill 하면 그녀가 산언덕이라는 말이니 말 않되므로
all the way up 은 형용사가 아니고 전치사인걸 알 수 있다
형용사는 생략해도 말 되지만 전치사는 않된다
즉 전치사는 관계설명이기에 그거 없이는 단어와 단어 사이의 관계가 바로 서질 못한다
She is a smart girl. (O)
She is a girl. (O)
She is at school. (O)
She is school. (X)
전치사가 없으면 그녀가 학교로 되나
전치사가 있으면 그녀와 학교와의 관계는 그녀가 학교라는 위치에 있다는 위치 관계 설명이 된다
Suddenly he tore off /around the corner/ towards the park.
"Henry!" Jen shouted / after him, but he was too far away to hear her. She raced /down the street /after him.
They were
just across the street from the park / in less than two minutes, but
that street was a busy one. They had to stop at a stoplight.
연속된 부역전구
tore off /around the corner/ towards the park.
tore off /around the corner
tore off towards the park.
둘다 부역전구
They were just across the street from the park / in less than two minutes, 보어
어디에 언제
"Yes," Jen thought. "I can finally catch up/ to him."
자동사구
At the stoplight, she stopped her bike next to his scooter.
부역전구
"What the heck are you doing, Henry?!" Jen screamed. "This isn't a big deal! We can just play tomorrow!"
"It's not just that, Jen! It's [the principle /of it all]!"
Jen looked /at him, confused. "What?"
"We're
kids! We deserve to be free!" Shouted Henry. "Nobody can tell us what
time we have to eat dinner, or what time we have to come home! We can
decide!" The light said, "walk" just then, and Henry zoomed across the street, and when he got across, he stopped and looked back. He stared /straight/ at her, his eyes asking, "Are you coming?"
* The light said, "walk" just then, 보행자 신호등이 walk 이라는 글자로 된것이 있는데 청신호와 같다
[Different parts of Jen's brain] were telling her different things. One half was saying, "This isn't a big deal! Just go/ to the park and be back by six!" But the other half was saying, "It may just be going to the park, but we're not supposed to. We could get caught."
Jen sifted through the choices/ in her brain. She slowly peddled /across the street,/ with an uneasy feeling deep in her gut.
They had been playing / in the park /for thirty-five minutes. Since [neither/ of them] had cell phones, they couldn't tell what time it was. Henry's father, sitting/ on the couch/ at home, had begun to wonder why they weren't home yet. Henry had disobeyed him before. He was almost certain he had gone /to the park.
He walked /down the street, just to check. Sure enough, he didn't see the kids. He continued walking until he got /to the park.
Jen and Henry, having so much fun / in the park, didn't notice when Henry's father entered the other end /of the playground, about fifty feet away. Jen's uneasy feeling was gone, and Henry was quite proud /of himself /for letting himself be so free.
The kid's backs turned, they didn't notice as Henry's father walked / right up to them.
Henry's father placed a hand /on each of their shoulders, and the kids felt shivers down their spines.
They knew those hands.
End Of Age 11 Crime: Sneaking Out To The Park Punishment: Grounded For One Week
Age 13
"So what should we do now?" Asked Jen. She and Henry had been riding their bikes for hours in the chilly November air.
"I don't know. How about we walk /up/ to town, maybe get a magazine to look at," Henry suggested.
부사 전구
"Okay, sure." Jen and Henry had been friends since they were two, and she was always up/ for spending time with him. Sometimes [the girls /at school] would tease her / about having a crush on him, but she would just ignore them.
* about having a crush on him
전치사 + 동명사구
Henry pulled his cell phone /out of his pocket and flipped it open to call his dad to tell them where they were going.
"I'll just go /over/ to my house to get some money," Jen said.
"No, you don't need to," said Henry /in a mysterious voice.
"Oh- okay," Jen said nervously, forcing her mind not to believe what she thought he was planning to do. "He already has money. Yeah, that's it," She thought/ in her head, and she forgot/ about it, for a while.
The walk /to the store was a silent one. And not the kind of silence that is full of energy, like after your dad has told you you are about to get a brand new computer, or your dead sister has come back/ to life. This was a horrible, empty silence.
* kind of 꼭 찝어 말하기엔 '좀'이라는 의미로 명사 앞에 쓰였으니 형역으로 본다
used when you are talking about someone or something in a general way without being very exact or definite
* be about to ~ 하려하다/일이 일어 나려 한다
When they got/ to the store,
they strolled right in, as they normally would, and they started
talking and laughing loudly, as nothing strange was happening. Jen began
to feel a little better. But after they had picked out there magazines,
Henry just sort of stuffed his in his jacket instead of getting on line.
* sort of; 1.slightly, or in some ways
2. similar, but not exactly the same
"No," Jen whispered quietly/ to herself, as she wished she had believed her first instinct when he said she didn't need to get any money.
She stared open-mouthed, as he walked casually/ out the door. Since she didn't have any money, either, so she bolted out the door/ after him, not realizing that the magazine was still in her hand, and that she was stealing, too.
[Everybody/ in the store] had noticed them come in, because they were so loud, and one old man noticed them pick up the magazines. He was on line, assuming that they were in line, too. But when he turned around, he didn't see them. He looked /around the rest of the store, and he couldn't find them. When he got to the head of the line, he alerted the clerk.
on line or in line?
I'm
originally from Texas, and I live in Washington state after having
lived in Colorado for quite a few years, and I say "stand in line" also.
I've never heard anybody say "stand on line" when referring to waiting
for someone or something. Even our British cousins say, "waiting in a
queue," or "queueing up."
Jen and Henry were walking/ down the street, the silence emptier than before. Jen had a terrible nasty feeling/ in the pit of her stomach, thinking about how Henry had stolen the magazine, still not realizing that she had done it too.
When they were about a block away from their houses, Jen heard [sirens/ in the distance]. She didn't really think that much of it, until the sirens got closer and closer, until a cop car stopped/ right beside them. A chill went/ up Jen's spine, as she not only realized that Henry could get arrested, but she looked down /at the magazine in her own hand. Her eyes stung/ in the back of her head.
A cop stepped/ out of the car, and what Jen felt was the most intense fright she had ever felt/ in her life. The cop told them to get/ in the car, in a rough, hoarse voice.
Jen silently and slowly got/ into the car. So did Henry. Jen could feel Henry looking/ at her, expecting her to send him some sign/ of forgiveness. Jen just looked/ out the window and felt tears well up/ in her eyes as the car got nearer and nearer/ to the police station.
About a block away from the station, Jen felt Henry's arm lain across her shoulders/ in a comforting way.
Without thinking about it, she shrugged it off.
Henry's shoulders sank, and cold shivers flushed/ through his body. (rushed through)
He knew this was entirely his fault. He knew he was the one that had said that it was okay/ for them
to take the magazine; that they wouldn't get caught. And now this had
happened. He had put his arm around her not so that he would forgive
her, but so that she would know that he knew she wasn't the one that did
it, that it was he. But she didn't get the message. And he wasn't about
to tell her what he really meant/ with the cop in the front seat. He would just have to wait until they got out/ of this situation.
As the car pulled/ into the police station, Jen felt fear build up/ in her heart. Cold fear. Like her stomach was trying to jump up her throat.
The policeman got/ out of the car once it had been parked, and pulled Henry and Jen out. He grabbed a pair of handcuffs / from his belt, and handcuffed their wrists together.
"Great." Jen thought. "I'm stuck handcuffed /to this-this," Jen wanted to think/ of an insult that she could call him,
but she couldn't do it. Even thought Jen hated Henry right now, he was
her friend. Her best friend. He always had been. She couldn't do that/ to him.
"Follow me," came the hoarse voice/ of the police officer. He led the kids/ into a big room, with wood paneling on the walls, and many, many chairs. A courtroom.
Jen felt her throat tightening. "This isn't worth a trial. No, it's not," Jen, thought, not quite believing herself.
The policeman led them/ across the room,
and Jen prepared for him to seat them down, and bring in a judge, and
their parents, and a jury, but they didn't sit down. They kept walking.
The policeman pushed open a small door/ in the back of the room/ with his big, hairy hands. He led the kids/ into a small, cold room, with light blue cement walls. It had a table, and two chairs set up/ in front of it.
"Sit down."
End Of Age 13
Crime: Stealing magazine from drugstore.
Punishment: Grounded For One Month And Lost Trust In Parents
Age 15
Jen raised her hand to push her wavy, brown hair/ out of her eyes as she walked home/ from school/ on a Tuesday afternoon/ in November. She wrapped her arms/ around herself; sorry that she hadn't brought a jacket/ to school as the crisp air stung her face. She thought/ about Henry. He hadn't been at school that day, and she didn't know why.
She walked/ for about fifteen minutes. About 100 yards from her house, she saw a boy that looked/ about her age, staggering along the sidewalk. A chill crept up Jen's spine.
The
boy saw her and wobbled over to her. When he reached her, he threw his
body/ onto hers. Jen felt her heart drop into her stomach as she
recognized the eyes, the hair, of the boy.
"HENRY!"
문자로 강세를 나타낼 때는 대문자로 쓴다
Her shrill voice rang/ through the neighborhood, and Jen was surprised when no one came /out of their houses to see what was happening. She pushed Henry /off her and his limp body fell/ onto the sidewalk.
"WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU'RE DOING?" Jen yelled. She looked down, disgusted, at Henry, lying/ on the sidewalk, babbling something that she couldn't hear.
Henry tried to get up, but couldn't.
"Helpmejen." Henry whispered, his words slurring/ to the point that Jen could barely understand him.
Jen felt tears welling up and pouring/ out of her eyes, like two little waterfalls. She leaned over and smacked him/ across the face /as hard /as she could. She watched /as a red mark formed/ on his face, and as her tears stained his already-stained t-shirt.
* as hard; 여기 쓰인 as 는 부사로 뒤에온 부사 hard 수식
as hard as; 뒤에 쓰인 as 는 접속사 역할
She watched as Henry started pulling something/ out of his side pocket. She saw something sparkle. It was glass. He was pulling out a bottle. He had the bottle lying/ on the palm of his hand, his hand stretched out/ on the sidewalk.
"Trysomejen," Henry whispered. "It'llbeokay."
"NO! YOU'VE TOLD ME THAT BEFORE! AND LOOK HOW IT WORKS OUT EVERY TIME!"
Without thinking, she smashed her foot /down on the bottle, with Henry's hand still under it. She watched as blood flooded his palm and gushed/ onto the sidewalk.
She hid her face/ in her am and ran/ as fast //as she could. Not into her house. Not into Henry's house. Not anywhere. Not anywhere but away.
* as fast; 여기 쓰인 as 는 부사로 뒤에온 부사 fast 수식
as fast as; 뒤에 쓰인 as 는 접속사 역할
구의 역할 공부가 다 끝났으니
복습삼아서 나머지 쓸만한 6구를 철저히 찾아 종류별로 구분하여 역할을 적어
각각의 7구 파일을 만들어 놓으면
본인의 공부는 물론
자손 대대로 물려줄 수 있는 귀한 영어 공부 자료가 되어 좋습니다
다른 사람것 베껴 주는것 보다
내것을 물려 주는게 내 노력과 정성과 개성이 돋보여 더욱 좋다 봅니다
명사구
the most intense fright () she had ever felt/ in her life. 보어
the point that Jen could barely understand him. 전목
동명사구
having a crush on him 전목
동사구
looked down 자동사구
was pulling out 타동사구
sifted through 타동사구
부정사구
to go on a nice, quiet, bike ride 부역
분사구
showing off his navy blue scooter.
형용사구
ready/ to ride my bike
전치사구
to the point that Jen could barely understand him.