상황 20. Relative clauses with ‘which’ At the airport 공항에서 관계대명사 which
관계대명사 who에서 익혔던 내용은 which 에서도 그대로 적용이 된다. 구어에서는 which 대신에 주로 that을 사용한다. 아래에서 which 의 용법을 정리하고, 예문을 통해서, 듣고 말하면서 익히자.
위의 4가지 중에서도, 우리가 가장 많이 접할 수 있는 것은 1번과 2번이며, 2번 중에서도 ‘주절 전체가 선행사’ 인 경우를 가장 빈번하게 접할 수 있다. 1번은 구어에서 주로 that으로 사용하니, 2번의 ‘주절 전체가 선행사’의 경우에 주의를 기울이자.
자! 이제 그럼, 듣고, 말하면서 그리고 분석의 내용을 참고하면서 익혀보자.
* 14338 : I got my bag, which my girl friend bought me, out of the trunk.
그리고, 여기서는 직독직해를 위해 앞에서 어떻게 해석을 해 나가는지 중점을 두도록 하겠다. 여러분들과 앞에서 차근차근 해석해 나가는 요령을 익히자.
My bag 을 선행사로 사용하고 있고, Bought 는 과거완료인 had bought로 고칠 수 있고, 구어에서는 주로 과거형태인 bought 을 사용한다.
* 14339 : I checked the flight status on the monitor, which was on the east wall.
* 14340 : I will go to the departure lounge, which might be full of people who are waiting to get on their flight.
* 14341 : I had a layover in 시간의 선후 관계측면에서 봤을 때 주절의 had 뒤에, 관계사절의 bought 가 일어나므로, 관계사절의 bought 을 had bought로 사용해서는 안 된다. 즉 홍콩에 가서, 기념품을 산 것인지, 기념품을 사고 홍콩에 간 것이 아니다. 논리적으로 생각을 해야지 무조건 외워서 해서는 안 된다. 문법이 처음에는 공식이지만, 뒤로 가면 갈수록 논리와 감각이 필요하다.
* 14342 : I will have a 2-day stopover, which my sister recommended.
원 어민들은 주로 관계대명사를 사용해야 할 때 that 을 사용하는데, 이 경우에는 which 만을 사용한다.
* 14343 : I bought a one-way ticket, which was only 20 dollars.
* 14344 : I bought a round trip ticket, which was only 30 dollars.
* 14345 : I ate the in-flight meal which the airplane offered me.
* 14346 : I pulled back the seat, which the guy behind me asked me to.
그것이 굳이 중요하지는 않지만, 관계 대명사가 앞 문장 전체를 다 선행사로 사용하는지, 일부만 사용하는지 구분하는 방법은, 관계사절에서 앞 문장의 어떤 부분을 필요로 하는지 해석을 해보면 되는데, 두 문장으로 나눠서 생각을 해보자.
Asked 는 시제를 굳이 나타내주고 싶다면 had asked 을 사용할 수 있다. 하지만 구어에서는 과거로 주로 많이 사용한다.
* 14347 : I drew up the blind, which the flight attendant who was in charge of the section had asked me to. 선행사를 앞 문장의 전체나 일부를 취하는 관계대명사는 which 밖에 없다. 다른 관계대명사는 이런 식으로 사용하는 형태가 없다. 명심하자!!!
* 14348 : I pulled down the blind, which was too small to cover the window.
* 14349 : I arrived at the airport, which had been newly built using cutting edge technologies.
* 14350 : I filled in the customs declaration which I received when I got on the plane.
* 14351 : I suffered from jet lag, which made my wife very worried.
* 14352 : I was airsick, which my wife wasn’t.
* 14353 : I went to the arrival lounge, which was full of people who had been waiting for their family.
* 14354 : I should buy an international phone card, which is only 20 dollars, to call my wife.
* 14355 : I had cell phone roaming service, which was very helpful
* 14356 : I checked in my baggage, which was over 50kg, so I had to pay more.
* 14357 : I went through the security check, which made me very embarrassed because of their x-ray scans.
* 14358 : I took out all my personal belongings, which the security staff had asked me to.
* 14359 : I filled out the Customs Declaration Form which I received when I got off the air-plane.
* 14360 : I put my luggage in the overhead compartment, which was big enough for my stuff.
* 14361 : I went through immigration, which really bothered me.
* 14362 : I had to fill out an entry card before, which was a hassle.
* 14363 : I put the bags on the cart which my wife had brought.
* 14364 : I carried the bags on the cart, which was too small for my baggage.
* 14365 : I will go through boarding procedures, which might take 2 hours.
* 14366 : I received my boarding pass, on which there was my name and seat number. ‘전치사+which’에서 어떤 전치사가 오느냐는 문장마다 달라진다. 원래 문장은 ‘There was my name and seat number on my boarding pass’ 이다.
여기서 my boarding pass는 앞 문장과 공유하고 있으므로, 관계대명사 which로 대신해서 나타내주면, ‘which there was my name and seat number on’ 이 남게 된다. 이때, on 을 뒤에 남겨 둬도 되고, which 앞으로 끌고 와도 된다. 위 문장은 on 을 앞으로 끌고 온 형태이다.
* 14367 : I put the bag on the scale, which was close to the maximum weight.
* 14368 : I checked my luggage, which was a little bit overweight.
* 14369 : The metal detector went off, which made me very baffled.
* 14370 : I was caught by customs, which made me very shocked.
* 14371 : I went through customs, which always bothers me because I always buy many things when I go abroad.
* 14372 : I put all the things which I had in my pockets in the basket.
* 14373 : They went through my bag, which in fact had nothing inside it.
* 14374 : They will do a body search, which could make me very abashed.
* 14375 : I set off the metal detector, which I had to go through before going to the waiting lounge.
* 14376 : I declared a watch, which I had bought in Hong-Kong, to the customs.
* 14377 : I went through the procedures for leaving the country, which in total took one and a half hours.
* 14378 : I went through immigration procedures, which didn’t take too long.
* 14379 : I had to show my ticket and passport, which I was tired of doing.
* 14380 : I filled out a departure card which I picked up at the ticketing desk.
* 14381 : I filled out an entry card, which wasn’t difficult but bothered me.
* 14382 : I got on a domestic flight, which was very small and the service which they offered was poor.
* 14383 : I got on an international flight, which was very big and the service which they offered was excellent.
* 14384 : I made my way to the baggage claim, which was full of people (who were) waiting for their stuff. People 을 선행사로 하는 who 는 주격 관계대명사이면서도 생략이 가능하다. Who 만 생략을 해서는 안 되고, be 동사까지 함께 생략해야 한다. 이것은 분사구문이랑 연관이 있다. 여기서는 분사구문은 다루지 않겠다.
* 14385 : I waited for the bags, which I had checked in at
* 14386 : After the airplane landed, I claimed my bags, which took a long time, so I complained about it.
* 14387 : I reported my bag, which I must have checked in at the airport, missing
* 14388 : I saw her off, which she really appreciated.
* 14389 : I sent her off, which made her so happy.
* 14390 : I went out to the airport, which was a long way from my house, to greet her.
* 14391 : I went out to the airport, which was full of people to welcome her.
* 14392 : I used the airline which my sister recommended.
* 14393 : She showed me to my seat, which looked very dirty and small.
* 14394 : I sat in a window seat, in which I was able to take a good nap.
* 14395 : I sat in an aisle seat, in which I felt very uncomfortable because I had to stand up every time the lady who sat in the window seat went to the lavatory.
* 14396 : I put my seat back, which made the lady behind me very upset.
* 14397 : The plane taxied along the runway, which made me very excited.
* 14398 : The plane which my girl friend was on took off.
* 14399 : The plane which was high jacked just landed.
* 14400 : I called for the flight attendant, which I always do when they are pretty.
* 14401 : I asked where the seat was which I had specially demanded for my handicapped friend.
* 14402 : I took my bag out of the compartment, which was actually not easy to open.
* 14403 : I put my seat forward, which every passenger should do when they get off the plane.
* 14404 : I put my seat up, which meant that I was ready to get off the plane.
여기까지가 '공항에서 관계대명사 Which' 끝입니다.
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