Re: Guided version for Main topics

[Elena !]

<3> Main topic-1 (Women)

풀타임으로 일하고, 파트타임으로 엄마 노릇을 한 루이즈 션, 자신의 딸들에게도 똑같은것을 추천할까요?

1. Who is she? (job, idea,feat, family background..)

2. What means work to her? What do you say about work?

3. What's the effect of working motherhood?

4. Will having children affect the chances of having a career?

I have always been a proselytiser(사상적으로 전향시키는 사람) for working mothers. How could I not be?

For four years in the 90s, I edited the Guardian's women's pages and launched the parents pages in G2.

My mother ran several of her own businesses, and her mother, too, for a while.

Work to me denoted(상징하다) independence,adventure, glamour and, of course, money.

As long as I could afford to employ reliable childcare, why would I want to walk away from all of that?

It is only recently that I have been able to acknowledge that mixing work and children comes with its downsides.(부정적인면)

Why did it take me so long? Part of me doggedly (완고하게) believed I had to stick to my line.

But I have to admit that another part didn't want to examine what the effect of more than 20 years of working motherhood

has had on my children.

My first child, Charlie, was born in March 1986 and I started back full-time on the newly launched fashion magazine Elle

when he was six months old. Two and a quarter years later, I gave birth to Alice and bounced back to work even sooner,

as I feared my job might not be open if I took longer maternity leave (no one who wanted to be taken seriously took the

full amount in those days).

Before my two had even started school I had separated from their father, so my career in journalism became less about creative

fulfilment and more about paying my way. I felt I couldn't not work, but then I very much wanted to work, so I never really

considered any other options.

For the next 10 years, I powered through jobs at the Guardian, Vogue and the London Evening Standard. To pick up my children

from school and look after them during the holidays, I employed a series of nannies from Australia, Hungary, Scotland, New Zealand,

the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Brazil, wherever. Mostly they didn't live with us – the children and I preferred it that way – and mostly

we all got along pretty well. We even had a "manny" (남자)for a while.

But then my long-term boyfriend and I bought a house together, had a daughter, Isabel, and married. We had just stopped employing

nannies – both the older children were at secondary school (중등학교,11세~18세)– when it started all over again.

Issy was five months old when I got a job at InStyle magazine as deputy editor. In the following years I edited that magazine and

then Good Housekeeping – both full-time, full-on jobs. Since November, however, I have been a freelance journalist and editorial

consultant. And the painful truth about my new life is that my children love it. 

It's obvious perhaps, but what I give them now, which I rarely could before, is my attention. Yes, I would spend time with Issy while

she practised piano in the morning but one eye was always on the clock – and my brain was already in combat mode for the office.

How else to explain the many times I arrived at work with her lunchbox or PE kit still stuffed in my bag because I wasn't

concentrating on her day, but mine?

And just because the other two are older doesn't mean I couldn't do much better. Alice might have been able to speak to me from

her college room 50 miles away, but I would generally be in a taxi, reading a page proof(페이지 조판 교정쇄) or a Blackberry

message at the same time. When she was at home during university holidays, I couldn't once join her for an excavation(발굴)

of Top Shop's finest merchandise. Too busy, busy, busy.

You'll note I am not talking about missing my children's first words or their first steps. I am not terribly sentimental or guilt-ridden

(-ridden 지배된) about their babyhood. In fact, in inverse proportion to many women I know, I feel that the older children get, the

more important it is to keep an eye on their progress. A friend's wise mother agrees. Asked whether babies or teenagers were the

hardest, this 70-something matriarch(여가장) replied: "I found the years between 20 and 25 the worst." I can see why.

You're looking at the rest of their lives. There is everything to play for and you have to manoeuvre(훈련시키다) your children

much more subtly as they get older, planting ideas rather than making demands or rules.

My son did not, I believe, have a happy time at university. He was living away from home for the first time and did not easily

overcome the isolation. You could say (and I did) that there wasn't much I could do about it. Universities do not suffer mothers

ringing up with vague concerns about "fitting in". I would phone him and he would barely respond to my questions.

It worried me greatly, yet after five minutes or so I would simply hang up and get back to work. Given the time again, it would be

different. Never mind the four-hour drive, I would visit him. And visit again and again, until I felt he was on the road to coping.

(cope: 적응하다) The fact that he is now gainfully employed and happily living away from home makes me feel better,

but not entirely off the hook.

This week, Alice and I sat in our kitchen having lunch. She has just graduated from Oxford and is looking for work to finance

some travel in the future. We spend a lot of time talking about work at the moment, so I queried her feelings about my past work/life

balance. "I've always felt proud of your jobs. Because you weren't pushing me all the time like some of my friends' mothers did,

I think I ended up motivating myself more."

And the minuses? There was quite a long pause, as befits a sensitive issue. "I suppose I think you could have been more

involved in my life along the way. I didn't get much time with you – and certainly not once Issy was born." Since I stopped full-time

work, we've had several holidays together, including one bonding spa break that she loved.

For Issy, the change in circumstances has been the most dramatic. I don't think I even had a mobile phone until the older two

were at secondary school but Issy's life coincided with my time as a glossy magazine editor. At InStyle, I was away for two to three

weeks every six months, staying in glamorous hotels, watching fashion shows, drinking a bottle of wine or two with magazine

friends at the end of a hard, long day – not seeing her for days and nights on end. At Good Housekeeping I would rarely be home

before 7pm, usually still tapping something into my BlackBerry as I walked in the door.

I kept her nanny on for a long time after I finished there. She and Simona were very close and I didn't want to disrupt her routine.

But a few weeks ago we parted company and Issy and I set off into the summer without a nanny safety net. I've always dropped her

at school in the morning but on the first day of the new regime I asked rather nervously, "What time does your class get out?" She

sighed, looked around at her pals' frankly shocked faces, and quipped: "Three-thirty, Mum – and I don't like brussels sprouts!"

Regrets, I have a few – but the truth is, for most of my full-time working mother life I did not have the "luxury" of chucking

(휙 던지다) in the towel when family problems impinged.(충돌하다) I was a single mother with no immediate family in this country

and I was expected to (and felt it right that I should) fend for myself. In the 80s and 90s there was very little opportunity for part-time

or flexible working in the media if you were remotely ambitious. And the pay was paltry.(얼마되지 않는) But I did on one occasion

switch jobs when Alice, then six, told me that she wanted me to pick her up from school, even just one day a week.

For the same salary, I went from a high-pressure daily newspaper where I had responsibility for a section to a four-day week on a

magazine where I was part of a large team. For a year it worked beautifully, but when a promotion was offered it came with a fifth

day attached. I barely hesitated before accepting. Alice was initially annoyed that I was no longer going to be the one to collect her

from school on that precious one day a week. But when I mentioned that the change brought a company car that would start every

time rather than limping on with AA breakdown cover (?? 아는사람?) she understood.  

Looking back, I think the big question for many women of my age was: will having children affect my chances of having a career?

At Elle I was one of only two women with children, and we barely ever talked about them. There were certainly no

cereal-smeared grinning baby photos on our desks. We felt we had to tread carefully, not making demands or drawing attention to

the complications in our lives, lest (~하지 않도록) the feminist battle be lost and we be pitched back into a life of domestic drudgery

we imagined might lie in wait.

Now it has switched to: how will my job affect my child? The timetable of the nursery or childminder can seem paramount

(최고 권력을 쥔); the maternity leave can be extended to a year; most requests  for flexible working are now granted. And mothers

fret(고민하다,슬퍼하다) – loudly and openly – about leaving their children and how guilty it makes them feel. 

In December 2008, a wide-ranging Cabinet Office study revealed that about 25% of adults aged 30 to 59 have downsized their

careers over the last 10 years by quitting their jobs, reducing their hours or changing their career path, a third of them saying that

spending more time with their family was the primary reason.

Shortly after that, Julia Hobsbawm's book, The See-Saw 100 Ideas for Work-Life Balance, was the trigger for a standing room-only

editorial intelligence discussion on the topic at the Cass Business School.  

While Hobsbawm (a mother of three) looks to employers and the government to come up with ways to make the plight (상황)of

working parents easier, Dr Nicola Brewer, departing chief executive of the Equality and Human Rights Commission, pointed out that it

was an "inconvenient truth" that extended maternity leave was threatening women's progress in the workplace.

In former jobs, I was responsible for the hiring of large numbers of women who were either mothers already or else possibly thinking

of joining that blessed group in the near future. So I know what she is talking about. It isn't easy to get work done when significant

numbers are on maternity leave or working flexible hours – and it isn't always fair on their child-free colleagues either. I still fear that

pushing too hard on maternity leave will erode(파괴하다) women's desirability in the workplace. In fact, when Alice and I talk about

her future career, I counsel her to find an area where having a family is not seen as a disadvantage.

Meanwhile, at my house, life is radically different. The newly acquired biscuit tins are being filled – Nigel Slater's chocolate

brownies are my latest triumph – there's always clean underwear and I open the post when it actually arrives. My husband is happy

to no longer get "I'm sorry, I'm still in the office" calls after I'm due home, I'm in regular contact with my family in New Zealand and

friends are seen, talked to, laughed with. I do work, but not so all-consumingly. I have time to prune(잘라내다,제거하다), feed and

smell the roses, and I have time to watch my children grow. 

That doesn't mean I don't ever want to work like a fiend(ㅍ쀠'인드:devil) again – really committing to producing something as part of

a team is a joy and a thrill. But maybe my 20-plus years of working motherhood is not such a great thing to crow

(환성을지르다)about after all. I wouldn't deny any other woman the chance to step into my working-day stilettos, but I would

softly whisper, "Are you sure that it's the right thing to do, for everyone, and not just you?"

<3> Main topic-2 (Science)

얼굴표정이 서로에게 전달이 안된다?  한 연구결과에 따르면, 언어처럼 얼굴표정도 통역이 안될수가 있다고 하네요!

Bill Murray in a scene from Lost In Translation

1. What's the message of this article?

2. Do you have any stories coming from the different use of emoticons?

3. How do you express your emotions through your face?

   (We could share our facial expression‎ for below categorized, happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted,

   angry, or neutral.. )

While Europeans scan evenly across the face, people from East Asia fixate mainly on the eyes, the University of Glasgow study

found. Researchers recorded the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people as they observed pictures of

expressive faces and put them into categories of either happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. 

The faces were standardised according to the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which categorises emotion depending on the

muscles used.

The team found Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and also made a much greater number of mistakes.

Rachael Jack, one of the researchers, said the differences in eye movement probably reflected a cultural gap in the way people use

their faces to express themselves, with Easterners using the eyes more and the mouth less.

The difference in highlighted by the different use of emoticons - the faces made using punctuation marks on a computer

keyboards to convey emotions. Easterners use the eyes to convey emotion, for example ^.^ for happy and ;_; for sad,

and Westerners use the mouth, for example :) for happy and :( for sad.

''We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expression‎!s,'' she said.

''Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favour the eyes and neglect the mouth.

''This means that Easterners have difficulty distinguishing facial expression‎!s that look similar around the eye region.

''Emoticons are used to convey different emotions in cyberspace as they are the iconic representation of facial expression‎!s.

''Interestingly, there are clear cultural differences in the formations of these icons.''

The researchers said their results showed communication is more complicated than previously thought.

The report concluded: ''Our data demonstrate genuine perceptual(지각의) differences between Western Caucasian and East Asian

observers and show that FACS-coded facial expression‎!s are not universal signals of human emotion.

''From here on, examining how the different facets(면) of cultural ideologies and concepts have diversified these basic social skills

will elevate knowledge of human emotion processing from a reductionist(지나치게 단순화 하는 사람) to a more authentic

(확실한,믿을만한) representation.

''Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.''

The report is published in Current Biology.

[메메]

elaborated topic 이라면 응당, small talk도 같이 들어있어서 한 페이지안에서 그날 필요한 모든 토픽을 출력할 수 있게끔 해야지,, 위에 것인지 아래 것인지 어느 것을 출력해야 할지 혼란을 주고 있음. 이런 거 하나 올릴때도 올리는 사람 입장이 아닌 내려받는 사람의 입장에서 좀더 서비스 지향적인 마인드를 가지면 안될까? --> 나 너무 serious 하니? ㅠㅠㅋ~

[Elena !]

elaborated version 에서 guided version 으로 바꾸었음. elaborate는 추상적인것을 구체화 시킬때 쓰는 표현입니다. taught by Mr.eloquent lunatic.